Propranolol In Pharmaceutical Preparations Research Articles

A simple spectrofluorimetric method for determination of piroxicam and propranolol in pharmaceutical preparations

A new, simple, sensitive and rapid spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of piroxicam and propranolol in pharmaceutical formulations has been described. The method is based on the oxidation of piroxicam and propranolol with cerium (IV) to produce cerium (III), whose fluorescence was monitored at 352 nm while excited at 255 nm. The variables affecting oxidation of these drugs were studied and optimized. Under the experimental conditions, the calibration graphs were linear over the range of 0.02-3.0 and 0.02-2.4 mg/L, respectively, for piroxicam and propranolol. The limit of detection for piroxicam and propranolol was 0.006 and 0.008 mg/L, respectively, and the relative standard deviation of 5 replicate determinations of these drugs at 1.0 mg/L concentration level was 1.65 and 1.79%, respectively. Good recoveries in the range of 95-108% were obtained for spiked samples. The proposed methods were successfully applied to the determination of piroxicam and propranolol in commercial pharmaceutical formulations.

Effect of different organized media on ion-selective electrode (ISE) determination of propranolol in pharmaceutical dosage forms

This study examined the effect of different organized media such as β-cyclodextrin and micelle surfactants, either anionic (sodium dodecyl sulphate), cationic (cetrimide) or non-ionic (tween-20 and tween-80), on the potentiometric properties of propranolol polyvinyl chloride selective electrode based on tetraphenyl borate (PRO-TPB) ion-exchanger as an electroactive material. It was found that the Nernstian slope for propranolol over the concentration range of 1 × 10-5 to 10-2 M was unaffected by non ionic surfactant, whereas cationic surfactant significantly decreased the Nernstian slope. However, anionic surfactant significantly increased the Nernstian slope. The electrode basic analytical parameters such as measurement range, slope characteristics, detection limit, response time, and selectivity coefficients in relation to some inorganic cations, sugars, amino acids and some β-blockers were investigated in presence or absence of organized media. Electrode was used for the potentiometric determination of propranolol in pharmaceutical preparations with and without organised compounds. The results were consistent with those obtained using a reference method.

Development of a fast capillary electrophoresis method for the determination of propranolol—Total analysis time reduction strategies

The aim of this study was to develop a fast capillary electrophoresis method for the determination of propranolol in pharmaceutical preparations. In the method development the pH and constituents of the background electrolyte were selected using the effective mobility versus pH curves. Benzylamine was used as the internal standard. The background electrolyte was composed of 60 mmol L −1 tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane and 30 mmol L −1 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid, at pH 8.1. Separation was conducted in a fused-silica capillary (32 cm total length and 8.5 cm effective length, 50 μm I.D.) with a short-end injection configuration and direct UV detection at 214 nm. The run time was only 14 s. Three different strategies were studied in order to develop a fast CE method with low total analysis time for propranolol analysis: low flush time (Lflush) 35 runs/h, without flush (Wflush) 52 runs/h, and Invert (switched polarity) 45 runs/h. Since the three strategies developed are statistically equivalent, Wflush was selected due to the higher analytical frequency in comparison with the other methods. A few figures of merit of the proposed method include: good linearity ( R 2 > 0.9999); limit of detection of 0.5 mg L −1; inter-day precision better than 1.03% ( n = 9) and recovery in the range of 95.1–104.5%.

All-Solid-State Ion-Selective Electrodes Reversible to Propranolol

New all-solid-state ion-selective electrodes, which are reversible to propranolol (anaprilin), have been constructed. The electrodes show response with a slope close to that of the Nernst function. The electrode with a poly(o-phenylenediamine) transducer shows a linear response to propranolol in a drug concentration range from 2.2 × 10−5 to 4.0 × 10−2 M; the response of the electrode with a poly(o-aminophenol) transducer was linear in the range from 7.1 × 10−6 to 4.0 × 10−2 M. The optimum pH range extends from 2 to 8. Inorganic cations produced no substantial interference. The electrodes were successfully used for the potentiometric determination of propranolol in pharmaceutical preparations.

A sensitive fluorescence optosensor for analysing propranolol in pharmaceutical preparations and a test for its control in urine in sport

We describe a simple and selective method for analysing propranolol and a sensitive test for its control in urine. A flow-through fluorescence optosensor based on on-line immobilization in a non-ionic-exchanger (Amberlite XAD-7) solid support in a continuous flow was used in both cases. Determination was made in 5 mM H 2PO 4 −/HPO 4 2− buffer solution at pH 6 at a working temperature of 20 °C. Fluorescence intensities were measured at λ ex/em=300/338 nm with a response time of 80 s, thus obtaining a linear concentration range of between 0 and 250.0 ng ml −1 with a detection limit of 1.3 ng ml −1, an analytical sensitivity of 6.0 ng ml −1 and a standard deviation of 2.40% at a 150 ng ml −1 concentration level for propranolol. We also propose a test to detect propranolol in urine with a linear concentration range between 0 and 100.0 ng ml −1, a detection limit of 0.2 ng ml −1, an analytical sensitivity of 1.0 ng ml −1, and a standard deviation of 0.84% at a 75 ng ml −1 concentration level. The effect of proteins presents in urine samples were evaluated. The two proposed methods were satisfactorily applied to commercial formulations and urine samples respectively.

Simple determination of propranolol in pharmaceutical preparations by heavy atom induced room temperature phosphorescence

The applicability of heavy atom induced room temperature phosphorescence in real samples is demonstrated in this work. In this methodology only two reagents, potassium iodide as heavy atom salt and sodium sulphite as oxygen scavenger, were used to obtain phosphorescent signal of propranolol in solution. Thus a new simple, rapid and selective phosphorimetric method is proposed for propranolol determination in pharmaceutical preparations. The phosphorescence intensity was measured at 492 nm exciting at 294 nm. Phosphorescence was fully developed instantly, obtaining a linear concentration range between 0 and 500 ng ml −1 with a detection limit of 14.4 ng ml −1, an analytical sensitivity of 6.7 ng ml −1 and a standard deviation of 1.4% at a 300 ng ml −1 concentration level. The method has been successfully applied to the analysis of propranolol in an antidepressive pharmaceutical preparation and it was validated using standard addition methodology.

Simultaneous determination of propranolol and pindolol by synchronous spectrofluorimetry

The simultaneous determination of propranolol and pindolol using synchronous fluorescence spectrometric techniques is described. The method involves measuring the natural fluorescence of these drugs in a 50% (v/v) ethanol–water medium using zero and first derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry. Under the optimum conditions, the linear determination ranges of propanolol and pindolol are ca. 0.02–1.0 and 0.04–1.2 μg ml −1, respectively. The results showed that propranolol and pindolol can be determined simultaneously when the concentration ratio of propranolol to pindolol varies from 1:100 to 50:1 in the mixed sample. The method has been satisfactorily applied to the determination of propranolol and pindolol in urine samples and propranolol in pharmaceutical preparations.

Micelle-stabilized room-temperature phosphorimetric procedure for the determination of naproxen and propranolol in pharmaceutical preparations

A direct and simple procedure for the determination of naproxen and propranolol in pharmaceutical preparations was developed. The procedure was based on the measurement of the room-temperature phosphorescence of sodium dodecyl sulfate micellar solutions of the drugs. The appropriate experimental conditions to obtain a reproducible and maximum phosphorescence signal, when sulfite is used to eliminate the oxygen from the micellar solutions, were studied. The results of the analysis of several pharmaceutical preparations were satisfactory. The presence of hydralazine in pharmaceuticals containing propranolol gave low values owing to quenching of the phosphorescence signal.