Proposed Switching Architecture Research Articles

10 OAM × 16 Wavelengths Two-Layer Switch Based on an Integrated Mode Multiplexer for 19.2 Tb/s Data Traffic

A two-layer switch exploiting orbital angular momentum (OAM) and wavelength of the light as switching domains is presented, aiming to increase the scalability with respect to the single-layer switches. The switch is able to accept 160 optical Gaussian data inputs on a 16-channel wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) grid and direct each input signals to different output ports exploiting 10 OAMs. The optical switch is based on an integrated OAM multiplexer followed by a compact OAM demultiplexer consisting of two refractive elements. Its experimental characterization confirmed a total enabled throughput of 19.2 Tb/s, thanks to the 30 GHz bandwidth available for each port. The switching time can be lower than 1 μs. The OAM switch power consumption, solely due to the thermal tuning of the OAM emitters, since the OAM demux is passive, is 1.35 mW/Gb/s. In the proposed switching architecture the number of active components, i.e., the power consumption, scales linear with the number of ports. This is favorable in comparison with single-layer switches that cascade e.g., 2 × 2 elementary blocks to obtain large port counts, which scale with the square of the number of ports. The switch accepts input and output signals with Gaussian phase profile that propagate through optical fibers and waveguides, thus making it compatible with standard telecom devices. The suitability of the switch to support real data-traffic is proved by successfully testing it with 10G Ethernet and fiber channel over Ethernet (FCoE) data and video traffic. A possible application scenario is represented by a data-center network where the switch can be used to create a low-power consumption network parallel to the network based on standard electronic routers, to manage large traffic flows.

Switching Control Architecture with Parametric Optimization for Aircraft Upset Recovery

This paper describes a novel finite-state conditional switching structure that enables autonomous recovery for a large envelope of loss-of-control conditions. The switching control architecture mimics human pilot recovery actions through numerous discrete states that are activated individually as the recovery proceeds, based on guidelines inspired by the Federal Aviation Administration’s suggestions for piloted upset recovery. The switching conditions between discrete states are optimized using interpolation algorithms that extend the recovery envelope while decreasing the average recovery time. The presented architecture is tested on a high-fidelity transport aircraft model under various initial angles of attack, sideslip and roll angles, and roll/pitch/yaw rates. Comparisons with previous methods are conducted to demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves a greater recoverability percentage and lower average recovery time. In addition, the proposed switching architecture is implemented on a high-fidelity F-16 model, and an example recovery scenario is given to demonstrate the implementation of our approach for an agile fighter aircraft model.

Fully differential switching topology for mm‐wave dual‐mode LO‐distribution circuitry

A novel switching circuitry for fully differential millimetre-wave applications is presented. The structure of the proposed switching architecture includes 90 nm CMOS transistors and a distributed-active-transformer. To minimise the chip size, an innovative topology based on lumped components is investigated, resulting a total size of <0.025 mm2. The performance of the designed switch is validated within a dual-mode local oscillator-distribution circuitry of a V-band transceiver.

Design and Performance Evaluation of Optical Ethernet Switching Architecture with Liquid Crystal on Silicon-Based Beam-Steering Technology

ABSTRACTA non-blocking optical Ethernet switching architecture with liquid crystal on a silicon-based beam-steering switch and optical output buffer strategies are proposed. For preserving service packet sequencing and fairness of routing sequence, priority and round-robin algorithms are adopted at the optical output buffer in this research. Four methods were used to implement tunable fiber delay modules for the optical output buffers to handle Ethernet packets with variable bit-rates. The results reported are based on the simulations performed to evaluate the proposed switching architecture with traffic analysis under a traffic model captured from a real-core network.

Software Defined Networking (SDN) controlled all optical switching networks with multi-dimensional switching architecture

Ultrahigh throughout capacity requirement is challenging the current optical switching nodes with the fast development of data center networks. Pbit/s level all optical switching networks need to be deployed soon, which will cause the high complexity of node architecture. How to control the future network and node equipment together will become a new problem. An enhanced Software Defined Networking (eSDN) control architecture is proposed in the paper, which consists of Provider NOX (P-NOX) and Node NOX (N-NOX). With the cooperation of P-NOX and N-NOX, the flexible control of the entire network can be achieved. All optical switching network testbed has been experimentally demonstrated with efficient control of enhanced Software Defined Networking (eSDN). Pbit/s level all optical switching nodes in the testbed are implemented based on multi-dimensional switching architecture, i.e. multi-level and multi-planar. Due to the space and cost limitation, each optical switching node is only equipped with four input line boxes and four output line boxes respectively. Experimental results are given to verify the performance of our proposed control and switching architecture.

A Novel Optical Code-Based Label Switching Architecture for WDM Packet Switched Networks

To cope with ever-increasing traffic demands in transport networks, all-optical switching is currently perceived as a solution to remove bottlenecks imposed by O/E/O conversions. Optical label switching accomplishes packet switching using the optical-labels. It simplifies the design of switching devices in the optical domain and speeds up packet forwarding significantly. In this paper, we propose a novel design of optical switches, and present a performance analysis to show its in-depth behavior. The analysis results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed switching architecture.

Two-dimensional shared memory multicast ATM switching architecture

Currently, the advances in the communication field are tending towards the Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network (BISDN) based on the Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM). Although numerous studies have been carried out in point-to-point switching systems, the point-to-multipoint switching system has gradually gained significance in recent years. To meet the requirement of the multicast service, we proposed a high-performance multicast switching system. There are easy ways to setup and release a multicast call. Only one copy of the address mapping information should be maintained in the system. The multicast cell overflow condition is trivially solved by our proposed switching architecture. We provide an overlay scheme to reduce delay needed in the multicast cell copying process. Finally, we afford a simulation result to evaluate the performance of the proposed multicast switching system.

On the odd-even ATM switch

The authors address some issues with respect to their previously proposed switching architecture the odd-even ATM switch.

A fast decoupled approach for optimum TDM assignment in constrained hierarchical switching systems

A three-tiered digital switching hierarchy is considered in which traffic from remote users is grouped, concentrated into time-multiplexed lines, and then transmitted to a central location for interconnection by a central space division switch. While the configuration provides efficient sharing of both transmission and switching resources, the TDM (time-division multiplexing) assignment problem for a conventional time-space-time (T-S-T) switch can become quite formidable due to the various hierarchical constraints. A time-slot assignment strategy is proposed that circumvents this problem by temporarily storing the incoming traffic at the central switch. Unlike the traditional T-S-T approach, the in-bound and out-bound assignments are entirely decoupled, which greatly simplifies the assignment process and produces a fast circuit switching capability. Necessary and sufficient conditions governing the assignability of traffic to the three-tiered switching system are stated and proved, and a block diagram of the proposed switching architecture is presented. >