Proposed Research Design Research Articles

Evaluating the Impact of AI Dependency on Cognitive Ability among Generation Z in Higher Educational Institutions: A Conceptual Framework

This research aims to examine the factors of AI dependency (AID) and to investigate the relationship between AI dependency on cognitive ability (CA) among Generation Z (Gen Z) in higher educational institutions. The factors involved are academic self-efficacy (ASE), academic stress (AS), and performance expectation (PE). In this research, the proposed research design is a quantitative method. A self?administered questionnaire will be distributed to respondents, a group of students who were born between 1997 to 2012, and the AI user. The questionnaire will be utilizing the Google Form platform for easier data collection. A snowball sampling method will be applied. Then, the data collected will be analyzed through the partial least square (PLS-SEM) technique. The research findings are expected to highlight the significant emphasis on the contributing factors of AI dependency among Gen Z students. Then, the findings will also provide a model to understand better the impact of AI dependency on cognitive ability. Additionally, it is foreseen that the findings will help various parties, including the government, to create better models for helping Gen Z students apply AI in decent ways to help them increase their cognitive ability. It is also considered a long-term strategy to become a nation with numbers of high cognitive ability citizens. Further, a practical framework based on AI dependency on cognitive ability will be developed as a guideline to support the effort of the government or industry practitioners to increase awareness among Gen Z students on how crucial to possess high cognitive ability.

Designing the Neuropsychological Experimental Studies in a Developing Country: An EEG-Based Study on the Emotional Self-Regulation

This short article discusses the research trend on emotional self-regulation based on EEG signals in a developing country: Vietnam. Based on the evidence of the potential of a psychology laboratory with experimental equipment that meets the requirements for an experiment measuring EEG signals related to emotional self-regulation in students, we propose a procedure for conducting an EEG-based study on emotional self-regulation. This proposed research design will be an important evidence for us to continue to verify and develop future research.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION MAKING METHODS IN DETERMINING REDD+ PROJECT LOCATION

The Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) mechanism is aimed at reducing global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study aims to develop a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) model specifically designed to prioritize locations for REDD + projects. The proposed research design focuses on developing a MCDM framework for determining the priority locations for projects using criteria such as climate impact reduction, contributions to local communities, and biodiversity conservation. The study utilized the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Simple Additive Weighting (SAW), Weighted Product Method (WPM), Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), and VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) to determine the prioritization of alternatives based on compromise solutions. The success of this research demonstrates that a systematic approach to determining priority locations can be effectively carried out using MCIM. This research is expected to aid policymakers and stakeholders in making more informed and effective decisions for environmental conservation and climate change mitigation.

Role of influencer–follower congruence in influencing followers’ food choices and brand advocacy: mediating role of perceived trust

PurposeThis study attempts to encapsulate the idea of influencer marketing in the food sector and the vital role played by food influencers in shaping the dietary preferences, tastes and decisions of their social media followers and turning them into brand advocates.Design/methodology/approachAn online survey of 383 social media users, utilizing a self-administered questionnaire, was undertaken to validate the proposed research design. The partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) methodology was used to analyze the data and test the relationships between the constructs.FindingsThe results confirm the validity and reliability of the research model. The research revealed the positive influence of influencer–follower demographics and attitude congruence on followers’ food choices, which in turn leads to followers’ delight and significantly impacts their brand advocacy. It also depicts how followers’ perceived trust in an influencer mediates the relationship between their similarity with the influencers, their food choices and brand advocacy.Originality/valueThe study proposes a new theoretical framework and empirically tests the effectiveness of influencer marketing in influencing social media users’ food choice behavior and brand advocacy through the medium of followers’ congruence with social media influencers. The findings offer noteworthy theoretical and managerial implications for academicians as well as marketing practitioners.

Understanding the Role of Digital Identity: A Conceptual Framework and Proposed Methodology for Measuring Malaysia's National Digital Identity Initiative

Malaysia is in the process of developing a National Digital Identity (NDI) system to provide citizens and residents with secure and efficient access to digital services. However, the success of the initiative depends on public awareness, perception and acceptance of the system. This paper proposes a preliminary framework for measuring public awareness, perception and acceptance of the NDI initiative in Malaysia. The framework was developed based on an extensive literature review and includes several important variables, including public awareness, perception and acceptance, as well as perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, user experience, social influence and facilitating conditions. The proposed research design is based on a quantitative methodology using a questionnaire to collect data from a diverse sample of respondents. The proposed framework and methodology are a valuable contribution to the literature on the NDI initiative and can provide a foundation for future empirical research in this area. By using a rigorous research design, this study can provide valuable insights into the public's attitudes and perceptions towards this initiative, which can inform policy decisions and contribute to the successful implementation of the NDI initiative in Malaysia. The study contributes to the ongoing discussions on digital identity (DI) and provides valuable insights for policy makers, practitioners and researchers seeking to promote the adoption of DI systems in Malaysia and beyond.

Gold standard research and evidence applied: The Inspire Nursing Leadership Program.

Billions of dollars are invested annually in leadership development globally; however, few programs are evidence-based, risking adverse outcomes, and wasted time and money. This article describes the novel Inspire Nursing Leadership Program (INLP) and the outcomes-based process of incorporating gold standard evidence into its design, delivery, and evaluation. The INLP design was informed by a needs analysis, research evidence, and by nursing, Indigenous, and equity, diversity, and inclusion experts. The program's goals include enabling participants to develop leadership capabilities, cultivate strategic community partnerships, lead innovation projects, and connect with colleagues. Design features include an outcomes-based approach, the LEADS framework, and alignment with the principles of adult learning. Components include leadership impact projects, 360-assessments, blended interactive sessions, coaching, mentoring, and application and reflection exercises. The evaluation framework and subsequent proposed research design align to top-quality standards. Healthcare leadership programs must be evidence-based to support leaders in improving and transforming health systems.

Impact of Internet Access and Accessibility Initiatives in Facilitating Students’ M40 and B40 Groups’ Needs during COVID-19 Prevention Measure Period

Malaysia was badly hit by the COVID-19 pandemic starting in February 2020 and the first Movement Control Order (MCO) was announced a month later. Since then, almost all social and economic sectors have been affected including the education sector. The problem emerged when not all students could afford to buy the equipment and subscription to the Internet, especially those who come from B40 and M40 groups. Realizing the urgent need to address the problem, the government agencies and a few corporate bodies including the Selangor State Government, TM, and Digi have come out with immediate solutions by providing special packages for the Internet data plans to B40 and M40 groups. The purpose of this proposal is to review the impact of Internet Access and Accessibility Initiatives in Facilitating Students’ M40 and B40 groups’ needs during the COVID-19 Prevention Measure Period. By exploring existing scholars from UTAUT model components and the effect of demographic profile towards behavioral intention, this research pursues to fill up the gap in the literature to review the impact of internet access among M40 and B40 groups of students. The proposed research design for this study is a quantitative approach, whereby this research will be conducted by distributing a survey questionnaire to those who have received the special packages for the Internet data plans. It is expected that input from respondents can be used to improve the effectiveness of these initiatives and to heighten the awareness among students on the importance of education for their future success.

A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON SECURITY VULNERABILITIES TO PREVENY TYPES OF ATTACKS IN IOMT

And here's a summary of latest developments in Internet of Things (IoT) integrated devices, wireless connections, and biosensing which have contributed in the fast development of wearable sensor implantation. This study also discusses the applications of the internet of medical things (IoMT), which now has attracted considerable interest as an environment of networked clinical systems, computational capabilities, and medical sensors designed to improve the quality of healthcare services. The perspective of healthcare and lifestyle can indeed be totally transformed by AI technology based on 5G. The aim of this proposed research design is to investigate risks which might undermine the credibility, confidentiality, and security of IoMT platforms in consideration of the relevance of IoT platforms and 5G networks.
 Moreover, there have been cutting-edge blockchain-based techniques which can aid in enhancing IoMT network security. IoMT has indeed been discovered to be vulnerable to a range of attacks, notably malware, DoS attacks, and wiretapping attacks. IoMT is additionally prone to a range of issues, involving safety, privacy, and anonymity. There are revolutionary cryptography solutions, such as password protection, authentication protocols, and data encryption, which can aid in improving the security and trustworthiness of IoMT devices despite the different of security risks.

Including migrant oncology patients in research: A multisite pilot randomised controlled trial testing consultation audio-recordings and question prompt lists

BackgroundOncology patients who are migrants or refugees face worse outcomes due to language and communication barriers impacting care. Interventions such as consultation audio-recordings and question prompt lists may prove beneficial in mediating communication challenges. However, designing robust research inclusive of patients who do not speak English is challenging. This study therefore aimed to: a) pilot test and assess the appropriateness of the proposed research design and methods for engaging migrant populations, and b) determine whether a multi-site RCT efficacy assessment of the communication intervention utilising these methods is feasible. MethodsThis study is a mixed-methods parallel-group, randomised controlled feasibility pilot trial. Feasibility outcomes comprised assessment of: i) screening and recruitment processes, ii) design and procedures, and iii) research time and costing. The communication intervention comprised audio-recordings of a key medical consultation with an interpreter, and question prompt lists and cancer information translated into Arabic, Greek, Traditional, and Simplified Chinese. ResultsAssessment of feasibility parameters revealed that despite barriers, methods utilised in this study supported the inclusion of migrant oncology patients in research. A future multi-site RCT efficacy assessment of the INFORM communication intervention using these methods is feasible if recommendations to strengthen screening and recruitment are adopted. Importantly, hiring of bilingual research assistants, and engagement with community and consumer advocates is essential. Early involvement of clinical and interpreting staff as key stakeholders is likewise recommended. ConclusionResults from this feasibility RCT help us better understand and overcome the challenges and misconceptions about including migrant patients in clinical research.

Application of active thermography in study of the rotors dynamics

The article presents the infrared measurement techniques for analyzing and monitoring the dynamic state of the structure using advanced thermal imaging techniques. The article present an overview of the infrared measurement techniques and algorithms proposed research design based on the selected infrared measurement techniques. The article presents the results of a series of studies on the possibility of applying the vibrothermography methods in SHM systems. In particular it focuses on the analysis of the possibility of studying the dynamics of the rotor and the detection of its failures during operation. The results of vibrothermography studies of impeller made of plastic are presented. The results of studies based on algorithms developed by the authors. The article also presents the concept of the use of thermal imaging research in fault detection and monitoring of the dynamic state of real objects.

Relocation of public healthcare network of a large city in the event of a major earthquake: a combined methodological analysis

PurposeThe aim of this research is to improve the responsiveness of the healthcare network of a large city to a major earthquake, by applying a combined methodology to reduce human suffering and death.Design/methodology/approachScenario analysis, a non-linear programming (NLP) model, and the analytical network process are sequentially applied to find the “best location pattern”.FindingsWhen considering the occurrence of major earthquakes in cities with high population density, as a rule of thumb, the location of healthcare facilities should prioritize areas characteristically overcrowded and/or that were built based on poor standards of seismic resistance.Research limitations/implicationsThe proposed research design does not include a cost criterion in the set of decision variables involved. Furthermore, the results derived from the NLP-model are restricted by the input simulation data.Practical implicationsThe performance of the “best location pattern” is compared with the current location of healthcare facilities in terms of their distances to the affected zones. Metropolis areas worldwide with similar conditions to the city under consideration could be benefited from applying the general methodology for relocation of healthcare facilities described in this research.Originality/valueThis research implements a diverse combination of methodologies to examine the problem of relocating of healthcare facilities in a large city in the wake of an assumed earthquake. In addition, to the best of authors' knowledge, this is the first study of its kind that proposes improvements in the responsiveness of the healthcare facilities' network in the city in question.

Multi-objective techniques for feature selection and classification in digital mammography

Feature selection is a crucial stage in the design of a computer-aided classification system for breast cancer diagnosis. The main objective of the proposed research design is to discover the use of multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) and Nondominated sorting genetic algorithm-III (NSGA-III) for feature selection in digital mammography. The Pareto-optimal fronts generated by MOPSO and NSGA-III for two conflicting objective functions are used to select optimal features. An artificial neural network (ANN) is used to compute the fitness of objective functions. The importance of features selected by MOPSO and NSGA-III are assessed using artificial neural networks. The experimental results show that MOPSO based optimization is superior to NSGA-III. MOPSO achieves high accuracy with a 55% feature reduction. MOPSO based feature selection and classification deliver an efficiency of 97.54% with 98.22% sensitivity, 96.82% specificity, 0.9508 Cohen’s kappa coefficient, and area under curve AZ= 0.983 ± 0.003.

Research Design for an Integrated Artificial Intelligence Ethical Framework

Artificial Intelligence (AI) regulatory and other governance mechanisms have only started to emerge and consolidate. Therefore, AI regulation, legislation, frameworks, and guidelines are presently fragmented, isolated, or co-exist in an opaque space between national governments, international bodies, corporations, practitioners, think-tanks, and civil society organisations. This article proposes a research design set up to address this problem by directly collaborating with targeted actors to identify principles for AI that are trustworthy, accountable, safe, fair, non-discriminatory, and which puts human rights and the social good at the centre of its approach. It proposes 21 interlinked substudies, focusing on the ethical judgements, empirical statements, and practical guidelines, which manufacture ethicopolitical visions and AI policies across four domains: seven tech corporations, seven governments, seven civil society actors, together with the analysis of online public debates. The proposed research design uses multiple research techniques: extensive mapping and studies of AI ethics policy documents and 120 interviews of key individuals, as well as assorted analyses of public feedback discussion loops on AI, employing digital methods on online communities specialising in AI debates. It considers novel conceptual interactions communicated across the globe, expands the regulatory, ethics, and technological foresight, both at the individual level (autonomy, identity, dignity, privacy, and data protection) and the societal level (fairness/equality, responsibility, accountability and transparency, surveillance/datafication, democracy and trust, collective humanity and the common good). By producing an innovative, intercontinental, multidisciplinary research design for an Ethical AI Standard, this article offers a concrete plan to search for the Holy Grail of Artificial Intelligence: Its Ethics.

The gap and its reduction between theory and reality of construction schedules in the UAE

The construction industry is constantly changing due to market conditions and increased competition. The competition, in particular, has resulted in the need in better schedule performance for construction projects. Construction schedules are fundamental and challenging activities in the execution as well as management of construction projects. Besides, scheduling is an essential function of the project management since it provides a roadmap illustrating all the activities, milestones, and deliverables within a project to prevent any delays during the project’s commission as well as handover. In project management, delays have an adverse effect on the construction lifecycle and mainly arise from poor planning as well as forecasting techniques, insufficient knowledge on scheduling techniques, and inadequate or inefficient communication processes or technologies. The aim of this study is to identify the gap between scheduling theory and scheduling practices in reality of construction schedules in the UAE and its reduction methods in the practice. It will review existing literature to link schedule theory and good practices to illustrate the relationship between schedule problems and usage to recommend ways of improvements. A concise methodology stating the proposed research design and instrument is also provided.

Methods and design of empirical research into inter-generational socio-cultural interaction

Introduction. The author discusses the data sources and design of a J. A. Maxwell validity-system-based study into inter-generational socio-cultural interaction. To form a comprehensive vision of the phenomenon of socio-cultural interaction and achieve the validity of the results, data triangulation (evidence collected from different sources) and methodological triangulation (use of different methods of information collection) should be used. Aim. To present a set of methods for empirical research into inter-generational socio-cultural interaction. Methods. A set of qualitative / quantitative instruments has been used to conduct the study. Results. The author describes the step-by-step strategy of empirical research, the inter-generational socio-cultural interaction analysis instruments, and the mixed research strategy methods / instruments. The quantitative block is presented by the author's questionnaire "Reflections", which is aimed at determining the main aspects of inter-generational interaction. The quality block is made up of: - The matrices method (M. B. Miles & A. M. Huberman) to determine the parameters of the inter-generetional unity; - The sound theory method (modified by K. Charmaz) needed to systematize inter-generational interactions in the socio-cultural context; - The discourse analysis method to find out the features of macro-social level generational practices; - The data integration method. Conclusions. The author considers the design of empirical research into inter-generational socio-cultural interaction, the quantitative and qualitative methods of mixed research and possibilities of data generalization by means of triangulation. The proposed research design allows exploring a complex process of inter-generational socio-cultural interaction, which has no a clear conceptual basis and standardized analysis system.

Masculinity Reconstruction in The Frame of Global Capitalism

The meaning of masculinity changes along with the development of technology, media growth, and social change in society. This has become a factor influencing the increasingly deep grip of global capitalism. Within the framework of global capitalism masculinity is commodified into a consumptive lifestyle. The purpose of this study is to understand the reconstruction of male body masculinity that is influenced by global capitalism. The proposed research design is a desk study method where researchers use various concepts related to (1) male body construction; (2) capitalism and the reconstruction of the male body; (3) media frame and male body image; (4) reconstruction of masculinity; and (5) gender construction in the media frame. The results of the document review show that in global capitalism, the concept of masculinity shifts to consumption which is intervened through the media. The shift in meaning and indicators of masculinity ultimately force men to change their lifestyle by consuming certain symbols, signs and values. The most extreme form of masculinity reconstruction is hyper-masculinity.

Mental wellness and life satisfaction among working women

In the present study sample has been drawn from the working women both professional and non professional educational background and income levels from Raipur (Chhattisgarh) within the age range of 28-45 years. The sample was selected on random basis. It consisted of total 240 working women of both professionals (120) and of non professionals (120) educational background, different income group. To study these research problem 2x2 factorial designs was used. In this design working women of 2 categories professional and non professional Educational background, salary groups (2 income levels) were independent variables, Life satisfaction was dependent variable, so the proposed research design was 2x2 factorial designs. Pramod Kumar and Jayshree Dhyani, Life Satisfaction Scale (LSS) were used.

Addressing Integration Challenges of Interdisciplinary Research in Social-Ecological Systems

Conducting research on coupled social-ecological systems (SESs) presents inherent challenges, such as coordination across disparate disciplines or integrating across multiple scales and levels of governance. To overcome these common challenges, we propose that structuring the research design itself according to SES principles provides for integrative execution of SES science. First, starting with pilot work, human and natural science researchers should work as a team to identify and access multi-level entry points (i.e. points of direct engagement) within the system, relative to the spatiotemporal scales under investigation. Second, teams should implement an adaptive process that begins with the proposed research design and uses shared experiences from pilot work to refine protocols prior to subsequent data collection. We provide examples of multi-level and multi-scale entry points, and show that adaptive management of research design through coordinated iteration allows for better research integration and applicable outcomes.

Researching the Effectiveness of Tree of Life: an Imbeleko Approach to Counseling Refugee Youth.

With the growing worldwide refugee crisis, there is a need for evidence-based interventions that specifically deal with the consequences of cumulative trauma-exposure in refugee youth. Refugee children have unique service needs and differ from their non-refugee peers in terms of sociocultural trauma, language, culture, and educational barriers. This article explains the complexities associated with understanding refugee youth and presents a proposal for studying the possible benefits of Tree of Life therapy. At the present time, Tree of Life therapy has no evidence-base because the published studies of Tree of Life with refugee and/or immigrant youth have sample sizes of one, six, eight, and twenty-nine. As a culturally-grounded, strength-based group counseling approach, Tree of Life therapy addresses traumatic experiences, recognizes participants' cultural differences, highlights individual skills, and aids in instilling both confidence and hope for the future. Ncazelo Ncube, the co-founder and main developer of Tree of Life, describes this therapy as a collective narrative practice that considers cultural beliefs and values (2006, 2010, 2018, 2019). The proposed research design is to study the effectiveness of the Tree of Life in Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, and South Africa. The research plan is to use pragmatic, group-randomized controlled trials in the "real world" settings of schools and agencies in each of the four countries. In addition, the article describes the development of the Roots and Wings Questionnaire for Children and Youth, a culturally relevant, child-friendly questionnaire. The Tree of Life is a readily available therapy with great potential for helping traumatized refugee youth as well as other trauma-impacted young people worldwide.

The causal interpretation of estimated associations in regression models

AbstractA common causal identification strategy in political science is selection on observables. This strategy assumes one observes a set of covariates that is, after statistical adjustment, sufficient to make treatment status as-if random. Under adjustment methods such as matching or inverse probability weighting, coefficients for control variables are treated as nuisance parameters and are not directly estimated. This is in direct contrast to regression approaches where estimated parameters are obtained for all covariates. Analysts often find it tempting to give a causal interpretation to all the parameters in such regression models—indeed, such interpretations are often central to the proposed research design. In this paper, we ask when we can justify interpreting two or more coefficients in a regression model as causal parameters. We demonstrate that analysts must appeal to causal identification assumptions to give estimates causal interpretations. Under selection on observables, this task is complicated by the fact that more than one causal effect might be identified. We show how causal graphs provide a framework for clearly delineating which effects are presumed to be identified and thus merit a causal interpretation, and which are not. We conclude with a set of recommendations for how researchers should interpret estimates from regression models when causal inference is the goal.