Proposed Maximum Power Point Tracking Research Articles

Design and implementation of hybrid MPPT controller for FC based EV system with boost DC-DC converter

The fuel cell-dependent electric vehicle systems are giving an important role in the present automotive systems because their features are less air pollution, high flexibility, reduced oil dependency, and more reliability. However, the fuel stack delivers nonlinear output V-I characteristics. So, the extraction of peak power from the fuel source is very difficult. In this work, a Variable Step Size Radial Basis Functional Network-based Adaptive Fuzzy Logic Controller (VSSDE-AFLC) is proposed for tracking the peak power point of the fuel cell system. The merits of the proposed Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controller are high tracing speed of functioning point of the fuel cell, more flexibility, high abundant, acceptable oscillations across MPP, and less dependency on modeling of the fuel stack. Also, the single switch converter is utilized for increasing the voltage supply of the fuel cell. The features of the proposed converter are wide input operation, less voltage stress, high supply voltage conversion ratio, and good dynamic response. The proposed fuel cell-dependent boost converter is implemented by utilizing the MATLAB/Simulink software, and the converter is tested successfully by using the desired programmable DC supply.

Application of third-order sliding mode controller to improve the maximum power point for the photovoltaic system

In this research work, a third-order sliding mode control (TOSMC) is suggested to achieve the maximum power point (MPP) in a photovoltaic (PV) system application under variable weather conditions. Due to chattering phenomena, power losses increase when using the classical sliding mode control, and to reduce the steady-state error, ensure a good dynamic response, and achieve high power efficiency, a TOSMC strategy is applied to control the photovoltaic system. The studied system contains the PV panel, the DC–DC boost converter, the resistive load, and the proposed MPP tracking (MPPT) technique based on a TOSMC algorithm. This designed system is simulated using Matlab software, and the obtained simulation results show smaller steady-state error and good overall efficiency.

A New Approach for Optimal Management of Solar Energy Systems

In this article, a solar-powered photovoltaic system offers a clean energy solution to this challenge; this system is rapidly developing worldwide. Solar energy is believed to be able to meet 2% of the world’s energy requirements, and this system are designed to generate electricity for specific needs, The global development of solar systems, as well as indicators, prices and efficiency of these systems, especially in Iraq, was studied, and a model and integrated system was designed to feed one of the homes in Iraq. proposed Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control loop and using the best techniques Perturb and Observe (P&O) Algorithm extracting maximum power from PV module under different solar irradiation. Various scenarios involving environmental parameters such as temperature and radiation are presented to demonstrate the theoretical analysis, effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed energy management technique.

Two fast metaheuristic-based MPPT techniques for partially shaded photovoltaic system

The photovoltaic output power varies according to the solar radiation and ambient temperature because the operation of the photovoltaic arrays depends on them. Therefore, achieving the maximum photovoltaic power under different shading patterns is a key factor in the performance improvement of photovoltaic systems. An efficient Maximum Power Point Tracking technique is needed to distinguish the global maximum power point from the local ones, as the traditional techniques are prone to fail. This paper proposes two hybrid meta-heuristic algorithms to improve the maximum power point tracking technique of partially shaded photovoltaic systems. The first proposed maximum power point tracking technique is based on the Whale Optimization Algorithm and Differential Evolution algorithms. The second proposed maximum power point tracking technique is an improved version of the first proposed technique. Both proposed techniques are highly proficient in enhancing the photovoltaic system’s efficiency in shaded and unshaded conditions. The maximum power point tracking technique is studied for evaluating the performance based on two traditional algorithms, Whale Optimization Algorithm and Differential Evolution, and two hybrid proposed algorithms. The simulation results show the second proposed maximum power point tracking technique finds the global power points faster and offers better performance than the first proposed technique, which itself outperforms two traditional maximum power point tracking techniques concerning a faster rate of convergence and higher efficiency.

Simulative design and performance analysis of hybrid optimization technique for PEM fuel cell stack based EV application

The fuel cell power generation systems are using in most of the present hybrid Electric Vehicle (EV) technology. The output characteristics of fuel cell arenonlinear. Also, the fuel operating point fluctuate continuously based on its operating temperature condition. In order to track and stabilize the operating point fuel cell, an Artificial Neuro Fuzzy Inference System-Genetic Algorithm Optimization (ANFIS-GAO) method is used. The merits of this proposed Maximum Power Point Tracking Technique (MPPT) are high extraction power capacity, high reliability, less oscillations, and fast tracking speed. The fuel cell is having a drawback of high output current and its less output voltage generation capability. To overcome this issue, in this work, an interleaved dc-dc converter circuit is used to enhance the fuel cell energy. The advantages of the proposed dc-dc converter are low voltage stress across the switches, less input current ripples, faster response, reduced electromagnetic emission, and high reliability. The proposed hybrid power point tracking technique performance is evaluated against with the Variable Step-Perturb & Observe (VS-P&O) algorithm. The MATLAB/Simulink environment is used for the performance analysis of proposed system.

Photovoltaic Module-Integrated Stand-alone Single-Stage Switched Capacitor Inverter with Maximum Power Point Tracking

A switched capacitor (SC) based inverter that tracks the maximum power point (MPP) of a photovoltaic (PV) source and generates a pure sine output is presented. To enable integration with the PV module, efficiency and compactness are maximized with a single-stage topology that tracks the MPP of the PV source, boosts the input dc voltage, and generates a regulated ac output in a stand-alone configuration with scope for grid-connected applications. The SC inverter is realized with multiple identical SC blocks controlled by sinusoidal pulsewidth modulation and load-dependent output capacitor adjustment. A detailed steady-state analysis is carried out, and a mathematical model is derived to understand the interdependence of various inverter parameters on each other and to optimally choose the inverter components. A hardware prototype of the stand-alone single-stage SC inverter that operates from a 60 V/70 W PV module and delivers a 110 Vrms, 50 Hz output is wired to demonstrate the functioning of the proposed MPP tracking inverter under different operating conditions. An inversion efficiency > 95%, a tracking efficiency > 97%, and a total harmonic distortion (THD) <; 4% have been practically achieved. All the details of this work are presented.

A Proposed Maximum Power Point Tracking by Using Adaptive Fuzzy Logic Controller for Photovoltaic Systems

This paper presents a proposed method to search maximum power point (MPP) based on the adaptive fuzzy logic control (AFLC) which is applied to photovoltaic (PV) systems under varying temperatures and radiations. The proposed system is composed of boost converter, two fuzzy controllers and load. Whenever environmental conditions change in wide range, using only conventional fuzzy logic controller (CFLC) is not adequate and causes more errors in tracking. The proposed AFLC comprises two stages: Online and Offline tuning. The offline method by accurately setting CFLC controller parameters is applied for relatively stable atmospheric conditions. Meanwhile, the online method is considered for unstable atmospheric conditions and contains two fuzzy controllers-one primary, one secondary. The primary fuzzy controller is the CFLC, and the secondary controller is the decision-making, which due to atmospheric conditions, alters the primary fuzzy controller parameters in order to achieve a better answer compared to utilizing CFLC. Decision making controller with changing in irradiation and temperature changes gain of inputs of CFLC simultaneously that it increases rate and accuracy of tracking in comparison with using only fuzzy controller. By simulating results using CFLC and AFLC controllers, the proposed method is able to improved performance indicators with respect to CFLC.

다이나믹 MPPT를 적용한 최대전력지점추종 알고리즘

The efficiency of the maximum power point tracking(MPPT) of inverter which is used in grid-connected photovoltaic systems is changed according to dynamic environment conditions. Hence, this paper evaluates the performance of the proposed method and other MPPT algorithm on the basis of European Efficiency Test(EN50530). The modeling of MPPT algorithm is made by the Matlab & Simulink. In the result of simulation, the more control period is shorter, the more MPPT efficiency is higher. Also, the Proposed MPPT algorithm has higher performance than other MPPT algorithm with no regard to control period.

Improved Fractional Order VSS Inc-Cond MPPT Algorithm for Photovoltaic Scheme

Nowadays a hot topic among the research community is the harnessing energy from the free sunlight which is abundant and pollution-free. The availability of cheap solar photovoltaic (PV) modules has to harvest solar energy with better efficiency. The nature of solar modules is nonlinear and therefore the proper impedance matching is essential. The proper impedance matching ensures the extraction of the maximum power from solar PV module. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm is acting as a significant part in solar power generating system because it varies in the output power from a PV generating set for various climatic conditions. This paper suggested a new improved work for MPPT of PV energy system by using the optimized novel improved fractional order variable step size (FOVSS) incremental conductance (Inc-Cond) algorithm. The new proposed controller combines the merits of both improved fractional order (FO) and variable step size (VSS) Inc-Cond which is well suitable for design control and execution. The suggested controller results in attaining the desired transient reaction under changing operating points. MATLAB simulation effort shows MPPT controller and a DC to DC Luo converter feeding a battery load is achieved. The laboratory experimental results demonstrate that the new proposed MPPT controller in the photovoltaic generating system is valid.

A Variable Step Size Incremental Conductance Direct MPPT Method for Stand-Alone PV Systems

This paper presents a variable step size incrementalconductance direct Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) method using fuzzy membership for a standalone photovoltaic (PV) system under rapidly changing irradiation. MPPT techniques have been widely applied in PV systems to make a PV array generate maximum power, which depends on solar irradiation. In most applications of MPPT technologies, MPPT algorithm design methods are performed and tested under slowly changing atmospheric conditions such as irradiation and temperature. The short-term effect under rapidly changing irradiation should be considered, however, to improve the dynamic performance of PV system. Our proposed MPPT method is based on an incremental conductance algorithm with a direct control scheme that can directly adjust the duty cycle for the PI controller. A fuzzy membership function is adopted to determine the variable step size according to rapidly changing irradiation. The proposed methods thus has not only faster dynamic performance but also high tracking accuracy. In order to show the effect of the proposed method, the simulation model and proposed MPPT is designed with MATLAB/Simpower and simulated with MATLAB/Stateflow.

Vibration Energy Scavenging System With Maximum Power Tracking for Micropower Applications

In this work, we present a vibration-based energy scavenging system based on piezoelectric conversion for micropower applications. A novel maximum power point (MPP) tracking scheme is proposed to harvest the maximum power from the vibration system. A time-multiplexing mechanism is employed to perform energy harvesting and MPP tracking alternately. In the MPP tracking mode, a voltage reference that represents the optimal output voltage at the MPP is generated. A control unit then uses this reference to track the system operation around the MPP. The proposed system is capable of self-starting up without the help of an energy buffer. As a result, it is suitable for battery-less applications or when the energy buffer is completely drained. This tracking scheme has very small power overhead and is simple to implement in VLSI. Hence, it is especially applicable for micropower systems. The entire design was fabricated in a 0.35-μ m CMOS process. Experimental results verified the proposed MPP tracking scheme and demonstrated the system operation. Measurement results show that the power harvesting efficiency of the electrical circuitry is higher than 90%.