Proposed Communication Scheme Research Articles

Mitigating critical nodes in brain simulations via edge removal

Brain simulation holds promise for advancing our comprehension of brain mechanisms, brain-inspired intelligence, and addressing brain-related disorders. However, during brain simulations on high-performance computing platforms, the sparse and irregular communication patterns within the brain can lead to the emergence of critical nodes in the simulated network, which in turn become bottlenecks for inter-process communication. Therefore, effective moderation of critical nodes is crucial for the smooth conducting of brain simulation. In this paper, we formulate the routing communication problem commonly encountered in brain simulation networks running on supercomputers. To address this issue, we firstly propose the Node-Edge Centrality Addressing Algorithm (NCA) for identifying critical nodes and edges, based on an enhanced closeness centrality metric. Furthermore, drawing on the homology of spikes observed in biological brains, we develop the Edge Removal Transit Algorithm (ERT) to reorganize sparse and unbalanced inter-process communication in brain simulation, thereby diminishing the information centrality of critical nodes. Through extensive simulation experiments, we evaluate the performance of the proposed communication scheme and find that the algorithm accurately identifies critical nodes with a high accuracy. Our simulation experiments on 1600 GPU cards demonstrate that our approach can reduce communication latency by up to 25.4%, significantly shortening simulation time in large-scale brain simulations.

Sign of slant receiver for skewed alpha-stable noise shift keying-based random communication system

Purpose In contrast to traditional communication systems, slower data rate has always remained a weak link for non-traditional random communication systems (RCSs), which use alpha-stable (a-stable) noise as a carrier. This paper aims to introduce a fast receiver for skewed a-stable noise shift keying (SkaSNSK)-based RCSs. Design/methodology/approach The introduced receiver is based on the sign of slant estimator (SoSE), which provides rapid estimation of the skewed a-stable random noise signals (RNSs) received from the additive white Gaussian noise channel. The SoSE-based receiver minimizes the number of samples required to extract the encoded information from the received RNSs. This is achieved by manipulating the antipodal properties of the slant/skewness parameter of the a-stable carrier. Hence, a high data rate with relatively low complexity is guaranteed. Findings In comparison with the previously introduced sinc, logarithmic and modified extreme value method-based receivers, the proposed SoSE-based receiver also achieves improved bit error rate (BER) along with the better covertness values so that the essence of security provided by SkaSNSK-based RCSs remains intact. Research limitations/implications Because of the selected range of the associated parameters of the a-stable noise as a carrier, the BER vs MSNR results are may lack applicability for the complete range of values. Therefore, further research is required to produce results in different ranges. Practical implications The study includes implications for the hardware development based on the proposed communication scheme. Originality/value It can be seen that the paper fulfils the desired need of a fast receiver design for RCS.

Anonymous Federated Learning via Named-Data Networking

Federated Learning (FL) represents the de facto approach for distributed training of machine learning models. Nevertheless, researchers have identified several security and privacy FL issues. Among these, the lack of anonymity exposes FL to linkability attacks, representing a risk for model alteration and worker impersonation, where adversaries can explicitly select the attack target, knowing its identity. Named-Data Networking (NDN) is a novel networking paradigm that decouples the data from its location, anonymising the users. NDN embodies a suitable solution to ensure workers’ privacy in FL, thus fixing the abovementioned issues. However, several issues must be addressed to fit FL logic in NDN semantics, such as missing push-based communication in NDN and anonymous NDN naming convention. To this end, this paper contributes a novel anonymous-by-design FL framework with a customised communication protocol leveraging NDN. The proposed communication scheme encompasses an ad-hoc FL-oriented naming convention and anonymity-driven forwarding and enrollment procedures. The anonymity and privacy requirements considered during the framework definition are fully satisfied through a detailed analysis of the framework’s robustness. Moreover, we compare the proposed mechanism and state-of-the-art anonymity solutions, focusing on the communication efficiency perspective. The simulation results show latency and training time improvements up to ∼30%, especially when dealing with large models, numerous federations, and complex networks.

Distributed Ensemble Clustering in Networked Multi-Agent Systems

Ensemble clustering, a paradigm that deals with combining the results of multiple clusterings into a single solution, has been widely studied in recent years. The goal of this study is to propose a novel distributed ensemble clustering method that is applicable for use in networked multi-agent systems. The adopted setting supports both object-distributed and feature-distributed clusterings. It is not limited to specific types of algorithms used for obtaining local data labels. The method assumes local processing of local data by the individual agents and neighbor-wise communication of the processed information between the neighboring agents in the network. Using the proposed communication scheme, all agents are able to achieve reliable global results in a fully decentralized way. The network communication design is based on the multi-agent consensus averaging algorithm applied to clustering similarity matrices. It provably results in the fastest convergence to the desired asymptotic values. Several simulation examples illustrate the performance of the proposed distributed solution in different scenarios, including diverse datasets, networks, and applications within the multimedia domain. They show that the obtained performance is very close to that of the corresponding centralized solution.

Distributed event-triggered Nash equilibrium seeking for non-cooperative games on unbalanced digraphs

This paper addresses a Nash equilibrium (NE) seeking problem for non-cooperative games with double-integrator agents who communicate with each other on an unbalanced directed graph. To deal with the unbalance in the consensus term, an auxiliary variable is introduced in the designed distributed NE seeking algorithm and is the estimation of the left eigenvector of the Laplacian matrix associated with the zero eigenvalue. Moreover, an event-triggered broadcasting scheme is proposed to reduce communication loads in the network. It is shown that the proposed communication scheme is free of the Zeno behavior and the asymptotic convergence of the designed algorithm is obtained. Simulation results are demonstrated to validate the proposed methods.

A 3D Antenna Array based Solar Cell Integration for Modern MIMO Systems

In this work, a design of a 3D array antenna based solar panel integration for self-powered applications in modern wireless communication network. Such array configuration is proposed for Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO) applications. The proposed antenna array is structured as a cubical geometry integrated to a solar panel. Such integration is employed to achieve a selfpowered node. The proposed antenna is designed to perform an excellent size reduction at sub-6GHz frequency bands when designed with the aid of the metamaterial (MTM) structures. The antenna performance is enhanced by Moore fractal geometry based on electromagnetic band gap (EBG) defects in the ground plane. The proposed antenna is found to provide a moderate gain at 3.6GHz, 3.9GHz, and 4.9GHz. The antenna array shows low coupling effects, below -20dB, due the array configuration in a cubical shape arrangement. The proposed work is extended to evaluate effectively the bit error rate (BER) and channel capacity (CC), when the proposed antenna system is located in real world communication environments. Therefore, QPSK modulation scheme is considered to suite the applications of 5G systems. The amount of the harvested solar energy is considered the limit to manage the total signal to noise ratio (SNR) in that is applied to the proposed communication scheme. This work is considered for practical aspect issues that is related with amount for the generated power from such integration with solar panel and the total generated SNR. Finally, the comparison between measured and simulated data reveals an excellent agreement between them.

Inter-node compression with LDPC joint source–channel coding for highly correlated sources

This paper investigates a new communication system where two nodes want to disseminate highly correlated contents to a single destination and can be applied for densely deployed wireless sensors networks applications. Motivated by their capacity-achieving performance and existing practical implementations, the proposed communication scheme is fully based on Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes for data compression and channel coding. More specifically, we consider a network of two correlated binary sources with two orthogonal communication phases. Data are encoded at the first source with an LDPC channel code and broadcast in the first phase. Based on the first source received data, the second source computes the correlation vector and applies a Joint Source–Channel (JSC) LDPC code, which output is communicated in the second phase. At the receiver, the whole network is mapped on a joint factor graph over which an iterative message-passing joint decoder is proposed. The aim of the joint decoder is to exploit the residual correlation between the sources for better estimation. Simulation results are investigated and compared to the theoretical limits and to an LDPC-based distributed coding system where no inter-node compression is applied.

Time reversal pulse position modulation communication in shallow water acoustic channels

The remote sensing and control of biomimetic robot fishes is an important but challenging task because the available underwater acoustic communication cannot accommodate their size, power consumption, and price. Hence, we propose a power-efficient, low-complexity time reversal pulse position modulation communication scheme, which partitions the available bandwidth of a transducer into several different sub-bands using different linear frequency modulated (LFM) pulses. The information is reflected by the position of the LFM pulses with different start and end frequencies for adjacent symbols. In the receiver, the Doppler factor is obtained by cross-correlating two hyperbolic frequency modulation signals transmitted before and after the modulated signal, and the channel response is estimated by match filtering the sync preamble. Furthermore, time reversal and bandpass filtering are performed to mitigate intrasymbol and intersymbol interferences caused by the multipath effects of underwater acoustic channels, respectively. The effectiveness and robustness of the proposed communication scheme are confirmed experimentally.

Time Delay Complex Chen Chaotic System and Secure Communication Scheme for Wireless Body Area Networks.

Although many chaotic systems with time delays have been studied in recent years, most studies have only focused on the theoretical level, without special applications. Therefore, we present a basic introduction of a time delay complex Chen chaotic system, including the influence of parameter changes and time delay factors on the time delay system. On the basis of complex modified projection synchronization (CMPS), we detail the design of a new controller and communication scheme and apply this communication scheme to a wireless body area network (WBAN), in order to encrypt and decrypt body data collected by sensors. Finally, we perform a numerical simulation, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed communication scheme.

Observer-Based Synchronization of Chaotic Systems Satisfying Incremental Quadratic Constraints and Its Application in Secure Communication

This paper presents a secure chaotic communication scheme using observer-based synchronization of chaotic systems. A class of chaotic systems satisfying incremental quadratic constraints are considered as the transmitter. The original message is encrypted in the noise-like output of the system. A circle criterion-based observer is designed for the system as the receiver by using the linear matrix inequalities technique. The message is recovered at the receiver end from the estimation error of the observer. To design the observer, a general algorithm to calculate incremental multiplier matrices for nonlinearities in chaotic systems is presented. Moreover, the proposed observer-based chaotic secure communication scheme is feasible for many common chaotic systems with ellipsoidal bounds. The simulation results show the good performance of the proposed communication scheme through an example of image transmission.

Efficient Communication Scheme for Bluetooth Low Energy in Large Scale Applications.

The use of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) in the Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications has become widespread and popular. This has resulted in the increased number of deployed BLE devices. To ensure energy efficiency, applications use connectionless communication where nodes broadcast information using advertisement messages. As the BLE devices compete for access to spectrum, collisions are inevitable and methods that improve device coexistence are required. This paper proposes a connectionless communication scheme for BLE that improves communication efficiency in IoT applications where a large number of BLE nodes operate in the same area and communicate simultaneously to a central server. The proposed scheme is based on an active scanning mode and is compared with a typical application where passive scanning mode is used. The evaluation is based on numerical simulations and real-life evaluation of a network containing 150 devices. The presented scheme significantly reduces the number of messages transmitted by each node and decreases packet loss ratio. It also improves the energy efficiency and preserves the battery of BLE nodes as they transmit fewer radio messages and effectively spent less time actively communicating. The proposed connectionless BLE communication scheme can be applied to a large variety of IoT applications improving their performance and coexistence with other devices operating in the 2.4 GHz band. Additionally, the implementation complexity and costs of the proposed communication scheme are negligible.

Optically injected nanolasers for time-delay signature suppression and communications.

A large number of studies have been carried out to understand the nonlinear dynamics of nanolasers, yet there is a lack of comprehensive consideration on the optimization of chaotic output and its application to chaos secure communications. In this paper, we used an optically injected nanolaser structure to generate broadband chaos without a time-delay signature (TDS), which acts as the chaotic carrier in the proposed communication scheme. Due to the combination of desired TDS suppression enabled by the nanolasers and a two-channel transmission technique, the proposed scheme offers enhanced security for message encryption and decryption. We also considered the influence of some key parameters on the TDS suppression and that of parameter mismatch on chaos synchronization and message recovery. The detailed studies indicate that the proposed nanolaser-based scheme offers satisfactory TDS suppression performance over a wide range of parameters considered and is robust to resist fabrication imperfections-induced mismatch under proper injection conditions.

Encrypted Chaos in Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diode

A communication scheme based on the synchronization of two chaotic quantum dot light emitting diodes (QD-LEDs) is theoretically examined. The Chaos in the QD-LED is generated by means of an optical feedback. Synchronization of the chaos is achieved by varying coupling strength between the transmitter and the receiver as unidirectional coupling. The proposed communication schemes is test a by successfully transmitting messages.

SNR-Based Early Warning Message Scheme for VANETs

A Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) is a special type of Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET). One of the main applications of VANETs is safety. This is accomplished by disseminating an Early Warning Message (EWM) to all vehicles in an emergency zone. However, broadcasting an EWM in a multihop environment, such as a VANET, introduces many challenges. The main challenge is the broadcast storm problem. In this paper, we propose a novel broadcasting communication scheme for VANETs. During an emergency situation a congested scenario is possible when vehicle density on the road is high. This causes contention at the MAC layer, which leads to collisions and increases the number of rebroadcasts, hence reducing packet dissemination, increasing delay and network resource use. Our proposed communication scheme is an SNR-based dynamic suppression scheme that aims to significantly reduce the effects of the broadcast storm problem by minimizing the number of rebroadcasting vehicles. The proposed scheme achieves this by considering the physical layer characteristics and the number of times a vehicle receives an EWM. Moreover, we correlate vehicle density and suppression range through a formula to determine the effective suppression range. The proposed scheme maintains network connectivity and achieves almost 100% reachability to all vehicles throughout the zone. Furthermore, the proposed scheme minimizes delay by 0.4 sec in high density scenarios.

On the Secrecy Capacity of a Full-Duplex Wirelessly Powered Communication System

In this paper, we investigate the secrecy capacity of a point-to-point, full-duplex (FD) wirelesly powered communication system in the presence of a passive eavesdropper (EVE). The considered system is comprised of an energy transmitter (ET), an energy harvesting user (EHU), and a passive EVE. The ET transmits radio-frequency energy, which is used for powering the EHU as well as for generating interference at the EVE. The EHU uses the energy harvested from the ET to transmit confidential messages back to the ET. As a consequence of the FD mode of operation, both the EHU and the ET are subjected to self-interference, which has different effects at the two nodes. In particular, the self-interference impairs the decoding of the received message at the ET, whilst it serves as an additional energy source at the EHU. For this system model, we derive an upper and a lower bound on the secrecy capacity. For the lower bound, we propose a simple achievability scheme. Our numerical results show significant improvements in terms of achievable secrecy rate when the proposed communication scheme is employed against its half-duplex counterpart, even for practical self-interference values at the ET.

Reliable State Estimation of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Over a Distributed Wireless IoT Network

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have attracted a lot of attention due to their enormous potentiality in civil and military applications over the past years. In order to allow accurate control action of UAV, a robust and real-time state estimation technique is required. In this paper, we propose a Kalman filter based UAV state estimation technique when the communication takes place over wireless links in an Internet of Things (IoT) network. We consider that a set of sensors observes the state of the UAV and transmits the observation to a control center (central server) over a distributed wireless IoT network. To deal with the communication impairments due to wireless communication links between the UAV's sensors and the IoT system components, e.g., IoT gateways, a Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocquenghem coded communication system is presented. Based on the received signals at the IoT gateways, a global state estimation technique is proposed. Performance of the proposed communication and estimation scheme is demonstrated through numerical results for different conditions. From the comparison with a conventional estimation scheme, it is observed that the proposed scheme significantly outperforms the conventional scheme in terms of state estimation and error performance.

Event/Self-Triggered Control for Leader-Following Consensus Over Unreliable Network With DoS Attacks.

This paper investigates the leader-following consensus issue with event/self-triggered schemes under an unreliable network environment. First, we characterize network communication and control protocol update in the presence of denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. In this situation, an event-triggered communication scheme is first proposed to effectively schedule information transmission over the network possibly subject to malicious attacks. In this communication framework, synchronous and asynchronous updated strategies of control protocols are constructed to achieve leader-following consensus in the presence of DoS attacks. Moreover, to further reduce the cost induced by event detection, a self-triggered communication scheme is proposed in which the next triggering instant can be determined by computing with the most updated information. Finally, a numerical example is provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed communication schemes and updated strategies in the unreliable network environment.

멀티코어 프로세서 기반 ARM TrustZone 환경에서의 게스트 운영체제 간 통신

The technology using ARM TrustZone draws attention as a new embedded virtualization approach. The ARM TrustZone defines two virtual execution environment, the secure world and the normal world. In such an environment, the inter-world communication is important to extend function of software. However, the current monitor software does not sufficiently support the inter-world communication. This paper presents a new inter guestOS communication scheme, for each world, for the ARM TrustZone virtualization. The proposed communication scheme supports bidirectional inter-world communication for single core and multicore environment. In this paper, It is implemented on a NVIDIA Tegra3 processor based on the ARM Cortex-A9 MPCore and it showed a bandwidth of 30MB/s.

Low-power fault-tolerant interconnect method based on LCDMA and duplication

High computing capabilities and limited number of input/output pins of modern integrated circuits require an efficient and reliable interconnection architecture. The proposed communication scheme allows a large number of IP cores to send data over a single wire using logic code division multiple access (LCDMA) technique. Reliability is increased by using hardware redundancy, and three LCDMA-based fault tolerant designs are proposed: (a) duplication with logic comparison (DLC), (b) conventional triple modular redundancy (TMR), and (c) triple modular redundancy with sign voter (TSV). With aim to detect a received bit from chip sequence, LCDMA–DLC and LCDMA–TSV designs compare absolute values of the sums, while LCDMA–TMR compares only sign bits of the sums generated at the outputs of decoders. All proposed designs are implemented in FPGA and ASIC technologies. MATLAB simulation results show that increasing the length of spreading codes affects to an increase in reliability. A comparative analysis of the proposed fault tolerant designs in terms of hardware complexity, latency, power consumption and error detecting and correcting capability is conducted. It is shown that LCDMA–DLC design has lower hardware overhead and power consumption, with satisfactory better bit error rate (BER) performance, in comparison to LCDMA–TMR and LCDMA–TSV approach.

Orthogonal projection based asymmetric multi‐way relaying with antenna subset selection

An asymmetric multi-way relay communication scheme using orthogonal projection and analogue network coding is proposed. The scheme is designed for the wireless sensor network, where one sink node (SN) exchanges information with multiple user nodes via a relay station and both the SN and user nodes have low complexity structures. It has been observed that the minimal number of the relay antennas can be smaller than that of the total data streams. Moreover, when the number of the relay antennas is larger than the minimum, a paired throughput based max–min criterion with low computational complexity is developed to select the optimal relay antenna subset and guarantee full diversity gain. The numerical results demonstrate the high performance of the proposed communication scheme and antenna subset selection criterion.