Proposed Communication Framework Research Articles

Stochastic Event-Triggered H∞ Control for Networked Systems Under Denial of Service Attacks

This article presents a novel stochastic event-triggered communication scheme (SETS) and a switching-like <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H_{\infty }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> control method for networked control systems (NCSs) through an open bandwidth-limited network. To overcome the stochastic Denial of Service (DoS) attacks and save the limited network resource, a SETS is first proposed to decrease the number of packets transmitted while considering the malicious DoS attacks. Compared with the existing event-triggered schemes under a precondition that all triggered packets must be successfully transmitted, the proposed SETS has outstanding flexibility since it allows part event-triggered packets to be lost during the communication process. To fully use the dynamic features of communication in an open network, a switching-like control scheme is well designed, which can actively choose the different controller gains based on the current network Quality of Services (QoSs). Then, a networked closed-loop model is constructed, which considered both the effects of SETS and stochastic DoS attacks in a unified framework. Sufficient conditions for the existence of the switching-like controller are presented to ensure the stability of the networked control system while achieving the prescribed performance index. Gain matrices of the desired switching-like controller and the SETS parameters are reached in the light of the solutions to certain matrix inequalities. Compared with the existing time-invariant control strategy in a transmission interval, higher control performance can be expected since both the dynamic network information and the latest available state are well considered in the proposed communication and control framework. Finally, an illustrative example is given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

Improved reinforcement learning in cooperative multi-agent environments using knowledge transfer

Nowadays, cooperative multi-agent systems are used to learn how to achieve goals in large-scale dynamic environments. However, learning in these environments is challenging: from the effect of search space size on learning time to inefficient cooperation among agents. Moreover, reinforcement learning algorithms may suffer from a long time of convergence in such environments. In this paper, a communication framework is introduced. In the proposed communication framework, agents learn to cooperate effectively, and also by the introduction of a new state calculation method, the size of state space has declined considerably. Furthermore, a knowledge transferring algorithm is presented to share the gained experiences among the different agents, and an effective knowledge fusing mechanism is developed to fuse the agents' own experiences with the experiences received from other team members. Finally, the simulation results are provided to indicate the effectiveness of the proposed method in complex learning tasks. We have evaluated our approach on the shepherding problem and the results show that the learning process has been accelerated by making use of the knowledge transferring mechanism and the size of state space has been declined by generating similar states based on the state abstraction concept.

REDUCING LDPC DECODER COMPLEXITY BY USING FPGA BASED ON MIN SUM ALGORITHM

Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) code approaches Shannon–limit execution for twofold ‎field and long code lengths. The point of this work is to propose an LDPC calculation for Min ‎Sum (MS) deciphering and playing out its equipment execution investigation inside a proposed ‎communication framework. The MS calculation principally utilizes the base and expansion finding ‎procedure. The quantity of increases is subsequently altogether diminished, which tends to ‎decrease the execution intricacy. The consequences of the reenactment show that the proposed ‎MS interpreting calculation performs the same as the translating of the Sum-Product Algorithm ‎‎(SPA) while keeping up with the principle highlights of the MS disentangling. The further developing execution ‎by diminishing the number of stages in the deciphering system, diminishing the intricacy of the ‎implementation of the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA).‎

A novel communication framework between MANET and WSN in IoT based smart environment

Internet of Things (IoT) has become an emerging platform for connecting real-world objects for desired service provisioning via the Internet. The real-world devices or objects in IoT enable a smart environment with the help of Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). However, the integration of MANET and WSN in the IoT environment requires a flexible and unified framework for efficient and secure communication between intelligent objects or devices. The state-of-art works in this direction lack standard communication framework for effective implementation of MANET with WSN. In this paper, an efficient and secure communication framework for interconnecting MANET and WSN devices is presented. The proposed communication framework comprises different phases such as collecting data using sensors, sending the data to data processing centers via the mobile access points and finally forwarding the data to data centers for analysis, decision making and reporting purposes. The proposed integration solution is discussed in detail and is evaluated with a case study on data harvesting in rural areas. The efficacy of the proposed framework is reported which will significantly drive the integration of MANET and WSN in future internet using smart objects.

Secure Communication Architecture for Dynamic Energy Management in Smart Grid

Smart grid takes advantage of communication technologies for efficient energy management and utilization. It entails sacrifice from consumers in terms of reducing load during peak hours by using a dynamic energy pricing model. To enable an active participation of consumers in load management, the concept of home energy gateway (HEG) has recently been proposed in the literature. However, the HEG concept is rather new, and the literature still lacks to address challenges related to data representation, seamless discovery, interoperability, security, and privacy. This paper presents the design of a communication framework that effectively copes with the interoperability and integration challenges between devices from different manufacturers. The proposed communication framework offers seamless auto-discovery and zero-configuration-based networking between heterogeneous devices at consumer sites. It uses elliptic-curve-based security mechanism for protecting consumers’ privacy and providing the best possible shield against different types of cyberattacks. Experiments in real networking environment validated that the proposed communication framework is lightweight, secure, portable with low-bandwidth requirement, and flexible to be adopted for dynamic energy management in smart grid.

Toward Distributed Battery Switch Based Electro-Mobility Using Publish/Subscribe System

With the growing popularization of Electric Vehicle (EVs), Electro-mobility (in terms of where to charge EV) has become an increasingly important research problem in smart cities. One of the major concerns is the anxiety of EVs, as drivers may suffer from discomfort due to long charging time. In this paper, we leverage the battery switch technology to provide an even faster charging than plug-in charging service, by cycling switchable (fully recharged) batteries at Charging Stations (CSs). Upon that, a cost-efficient Publish/Subscribe (P/S) system is provisioned, to facilitate the design of distributed charging manner for privacy guarantee. The proposed communication framework utilizes Mobile Edge Computing (MEC)-functioned Road Side Units (RSUs) to bridge, process, and aggregate the information flow between CSs and EVs. We further design an advanced reservation-based charging system, in which the knowledge of EVs' reservations is utilized to predict how likely a CS will be congested. This benefits to a smart transportation planning on where to charge, in order to improve charging comfort. Results show the advantage of our enabling technology comparing to other benchmark solutions, in terms of minimized waiting time for the battery switch (as the benefit for EV drivers), and a higher number of batteries switched (as the benefit for CSs).

Energy‐efficient medium access control and routing protocol for multihop wireless sensor networks

This work presents a combined energy-efficient medium access control (MAC) and routing protocol for large-scale wireless sensor networks that aims to minimise energy consumption and prolong the network lifetime. The proposed communication framework employs the following measures to enhance the network energy efficiency. Firstly, it provides an adaptive intra-cluster schedule to arbitrate media access of sensor nodes within a cluster, minimising idle listening on sensor nodes, leading to improved energy performance. Secondly, it proposes an on-demand source cross-layer routing protocol ensuring selection of best routes based on energy level and channel quality indicator for the multihop inter-cluster data transmission. Lastly, an unequal cluster size technique based on cluster head residual energy and distance away from the base station is utilised. This technique balances the energy among clusters and avoids early network partitioning. This work further presents the analytical performance model for energy consumption and delay of the proposed communication framework. The performance measures used for evaluation are energy consumption, delay, and network lifetime. The results indicate that combining routing and MAC schemes conserves energy better than utilising MAC scheme alone.

A novel reliable and secure communication scheme for cognitive radio networks using concatenated kernel codes

SummaryCognitive radio networks have emerged as a possible solution for the spectrum scarcity problem. Cognitive radio networks involve heterogeneous entities as part of it for facilitating spectrum sharing. Ensuring reliability and security in such scenario is inevitable for the licensed users (primary users) as well as for the unlicensed users (secondary users). To address the challenges of reliable and secure communication for the secondary users, in this paper, a novel reliable and secure communication framework is proposed. A class of group codes called concatenated kernel codes is used to achieve reliability and techniques of fundamental cutset and fundamental circuit to achieve security in terms of authentication of sender. It is shown that the proposed communication framework provides reliability mitigating the continuous interference of primary users and security by defending against the cryptanalytic attacks such as replay attack, related key attack, and man‐in‐the‐middle attacks. The theoretical basis of the proposed framework is validated, and its performance is evaluated through simulations.

Reliable and secure communication using fundamental cut-sets and fundamental circuits

Ensuring reliability and security has been a challenge in modern communication systems. To achieve these challenges, a novel reliable and secure communication system is designed in this paper. Reliability is achieved by constructing a class of error correcting codes called concatenated kernel codes. Security in terms of source authentication is achieved from using graph nature of trellis employing techniques from graph theory namely fundamental cut-set and fundamental circuit. It has been shown that the proposed communication framework achieves the goal of reliability and security considering the channel noise and cryptanalytic attacks. The theoretical basis of the proposed framework is validated and its performance is evaluated through simulations.

Reliable and secure communication using fundamental cut-sets and fundamental circuits

Ensuring reliability and security has been a challenge in modern communication systems. To achieve these challenges, a novel reliable and secure communication system is designed in this paper. Reliability is achieved by constructing a class of error correcting codes called concatenated kernel codes. Security in terms of source authentication is achieved from using graph nature of trellis employing techniques from graph theory namely fundamental cut-set and fundamental circuit. It has been shown that the proposed communication framework achieves the goal of reliability and security considering the channel noise and cryptanalytic attacks. The theoretical basis of the proposed framework is validated and its performance is evaluated through simulations.

On a bio-inspired hybrid pheromone signalling for efficient map exploration of multiple mobile service robots

This paper presents a novel bio-inspired hybrid communication framework that incorporates the repelling behaviour of anti-aphrodisiac pheromones and attractive behaviour of pheromones for efficient map exploration of multiple mobile service robots. The proposed communication framework presents a scheme for robots to efficiently serve large areas of map, while cooperating with each other through proper pheromone deposition. This eliminates the need of explicitly programming each service robot to serve particular areas of the map. The paths taken by robots are represented as nodes across which pheromones are deposited. This reduces the search space for tracking pheromones and reduces data size to be communicated between robots. A novel pheromone deposition model is presented which takes into account the uncertainty in the robot's position. This eliminates robots to deposit pheromones at wrong places when localization fails. The framework also integrates the pheromone signalling mechanism in landmark-based Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) localization and allows the robots to capture areas or sub-areas of the map, to improve the localization. A scheme to resolve conflicts through local communication is presented. We discuss, through experimental and simulation results, two cases of floor cleaning task, and surveillance task, performed by multiple robots. Results show that the proposed scheme enables multiple service robots to perform cooperative tasks intelligently without any explicit programming.

Recommendations for Best Communication Practices to Facilitate Goal-concordant Care for Seriously Ill Older Patients With Emergency Surgical Conditions.

To address the need for improved communication practices to facilitate goal-concordant care in seriously ill, older patients with surgical emergencies. Improved communication is increasingly recognized as a central element in providing goal-concordant care and reducing health care utilization and costs among seriously ill older patients. Given high rates of surgery in the last weeks of life, high risk of poor outcomes after emergency operations in these patients, and barriers to quality communication in the acute setting, we sought to create a framework to support surgeons in communicating with seriously ill, older patients with surgical emergencies. An interdisciplinary panel of 23 national leaders was convened for a 1-day conference at Harvard Medical School to provide input on concept, content, format, and usability of a communication framework. A prototype framework was created. Participants supported the concept of a structured approach to communication in these scenarios, and delineated 9 key elements of a framework: (1) formulating prognosis, (2) creating a personal connection, (3) disclosing information regarding the acute problem in the context of the underlying illness, (4) establishing a shared understanding of the patient's condition, (5) allowing silence and dealing with emotion, (6) describing surgical and palliative treatment options, (7) eliciting patient's goals and priorities, (8) making a treatment recommendation, and (9) affirming ongoing support for the patient and family. Communication with seriously ill patients in the acute setting is difficult. The proposed communication framework may assist surgeons in delivering goal-concordant care for high-risk patients.

Opportunities for enhanced lean construction management using Internet of Things standards

Traditionally, production control on construction sites has been challenging, and still remains challenging. The ad-hoc production control methods that are usually used, most of which are informal, foster uncertainty that prevents smooth production flow. Lean construction methods such as the Last Planner System have partially tackled this problem by involving site teams into the decision making process and having them report back to the production management system. However, such systems have relatively long “lookahead” planning cycles to respond to the dynamic production requirements of construction, where daily, if not hourly control is needed. New solutions have been proposed such as VisiLean, KanBIM, etc., but again these types of construction management systems require the proximity and availability of computer devices to workers. Through this paper, the authors investigate how the communication framework underlying such construction management systems can be further improved so as to fully or partially automate various communication functions across the construction project lifecycle (e.g., to enable lean and close to real-time reporting of production control information). To this end, the present paper provides evidences of how the Internet of Things (IoT) and related standards can contribute to such an improvement. The paper then provides first insights – through various construction scenarios – into how the proposed communication framework can be beneficial for various actors and core business perspectives, from lean construction management to the management of the entire building lifecycle.

Real-Time Path Planning Based on Hybrid-VANET-Enhanced Transportation System

Real-time path planning can efficiently relieve traffic congestion in urban scenarios. However, how to design an efficient path-planning algorithm to achieve a globally optimal vehicle-traffic control still remains a challenging problem, particularly when we take drivers' individual preferences into consideration. In this paper, we first establish a hybrid intelligent transportation system (ITS), i.e., a hybrid-VANET-enhanced ITS, which utilizes both vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) and cellular systems of the public transportation system to enable real-time communications among vehicles, roadside units (RSUs), and a vehicle-traffic server in an efficient way. Then, we propose a real-time path-planning algorithm, which not only improves the overall spatial utilization of a road network but reduces average vehicle travel cost for avoiding vehicles from getting stuck in congestion as well. A stochastic Lyapunov optimization technique is exploited to address the globally optimal path-planning problem. Finally, the transmission delay of the hybrid-VANET-enhanced ITS is evaluated in VISSIM to show the timeliness of the proposed communication framework. Moreover, system-level simulations conducted in Java demonstrate that the proposed path-planning algorithm outperforms the traditional distributed path planning in terms of balancing the spatial utilization and drivers' travel cost.

A novel multimodal communication framework using robot partner for aging population

In developed country such as Japan, aging has become a serious issue, as there is a disproportionate increasing of elderly population who are no longer able to look after themselves. In order to tackle this issue, we introduce human-friendly robot partner to support the elderly people in their daily life. However, to realize this, it is essential for the robot partner to be able to have a natural communication with the human. This paper proposes a new communication framework between the human and robot partner based on relevance theory as the basis knowledge. The relevance theory is implemented to build mutual cognitive environment between the human and the robot partner, namely as the informationally structured space (ISS). Inside the ISS, robot partner employs both verbal as well as non-verbal communication to understand human. For the verbal communication, Rasmussen’s behavior model is implemented as the basis for the conversational system. While for the non-verbal communication, environmental and human state data along with gesture recognition are utilized. These data are used as the perceptual input to compute the robot partner’s emotion. Experimental results have shown the effectiveness of our proposed communication framework in establishing natural communication between the human and the robot partner.

A virtual link routing scheme in the wireless home network architecture supporting end-to-end seamless connectivity

This paper presents a communication framework for end-to-end seamless connectivity improvement in IEEE802.11-based wireless home networks. The proposed communication framework incorporates the foll...

A virtual link routing scheme in the wireless home network architecture supporting end‐to‐end seamless connectivity

AbstractThis paper presents a communication framework for end‐to‐end seamless connectivity improvement in IEEE802.11‐based wireless home networks. The proposed communication framework incorporates the following two things: a new concept of wireless home network architecture and a new routing technique in an effort to improve wireless communication coverage and end‐to‐end seamless packet delivery respectively. First, the proposed wireless home network architecture based on the End‐to‐end Seamless multi‐hop COnnectivity based on Dual‐mode (ESCOD) integrates infrastructure and ad hoc modes in an IEEE 802.11‐based wireless home network. Second, the Virtual Link Routing (VLR) technique, a kind of ad hoc routing protocols working on the layer 2.5, provides mobile nodes with end‐to‐end seamless connectivity and packet delivery. We compare the performance of VLR with two prominent on‐demand routing protocols for Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Ad hoc On demand Distance Vector (AODV), in the ESCOD‐based wireless home network. Experiments show that our communication framework incorporating the VLR technique in the ESCOD‐based wireless home network architecture yields efficient performance in terms of the low failure rate of packet transmission, fast packet transmission time, network throughput, and a wider coverage area of wireless home networks. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.