Proportions Of Omega-3 Fatty Acids Research Articles

Quality of Poultry Roast Enriched with Hemp Seeds, Hemp Oil, and Hemp Flour.

The aim of this study was to add natural hemp components to poultry roast recipes, to enhance their quality (physical, chemical, and sensory qualities of the product). Two variants of poultry roast (group P1 and P2) with a 10.2% addition of hemp components and a traditional equivalent with the participation of animal fat (group K) were tested. In the roast of group P1, the share of hemp seeds was 8%, hemp flour 0.2%, and hemp oil 2%; while in group P2, the proportions were 4%, 0.2%, and 6%, respectively. Roasts with hemp components were found to be characterized by a darker color; lower cooking losses; higher fiber content, and lower cholesterol and fat content; a favorable fatty acid ratio PUFA; n-3 and n-6; and acceptable sensory characteristics compared to the control group. Products with a higher (8%) share of hemp seeds contained more protein and fiber and were characterized by a higher degree of yellow saturation (b*), lower cooking losses after heat treatment, and a higher desirability of taste and better binding. Products in group P2, with a higher (6%) hemp oil content, had a lower cholesterol content and a lower proportion of SFA fatty acids and a higher proportion of omega-3 fatty acids, but were assessed as rated lower in terms of taste and binding.

Grazed chicory, plantain or ryegrass–white clover alters milk yield and fatty acid composition of late-lactating dairy cows

The aim of the present research was to compare milk fatty acid composition of cows grazing perennial ryegrass–white clover pasture (RGWC), with that of cows grazing alternative forages of chicory or plantain. Fifty-four cows, balanced for milk solids, days in milk and bodyweight, were divided evenly into replicated groups of six cows/group. Cows grazing chicory or plantain had similar estimated dry-matter intake (17.7 kg DM/cow.day) and milk-solid (MS) yield (1.93 kg MS/cow.day), which were greater (P < 0.05) than for cows grazing RGWC (15.6 kg DM/cow.day and 1.65 kg MS/cow.day). Milk produced from cows grazing chicory or plantain contained greater proportions of omega-3 fatty acids (FA) than that from cows on RGWC (P < 0.01), despite lower omega-3 FA in herbage. RGWC increased the percentage of conjugated linoleic and vaccenic acids in milk compared with those of milk produced from herbs (P < 0.01). This reflects the greater percentage of α-linolenic acid in RGWC (P ≤ 0.02) than in forage herbs. The changes in FA profile from the herbage to the milk suggests less biohydrogenation in cows grazing the herbs. Forage herbs demonstrated the potential benefit to alter milk FA composition, while increasing milk production.

Effect of housing systems on fatty acid structures of liver, abdominal fat and breast muscle in broiler production

This study was conducted to determine fatty acid structures of liver, abdominal fat and breast muscle (Musculus pectoralis profundus) in broiler reared in cage (CH) and floor (FH) housing systems. For this purpose, 15 broilers (Ross-308) per replicate having stable live weight were selected in each system and fatty acids analyses were simultaneously taken in summer, autumn and winter seasons by a gas chromatography (GC) system. It was found that the poultry meat had higher ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially omega-6 fatty acids (n-6) related with the diet consumed by chicken. Cage housing sytem caused accumulation of myristic (C14: 0), palmitic (C16: 0), stearic (C18: 0), arachidic (C20: 0) and heneicosanoic (C21: 0) fatty acids in the chicken that significantly raised total saturated fatty acid (SFA) ratios of abdominal fat and pectoral muscle tissues. Proportions of total monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), total PUFA and PUFA/SFA of abdominal fat tissue were found higher in FH system. Proportions of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3), n-6, n-6/n-3 and PUFA/SFA were similar between groups in liver and muscle tissues. Consequently, cage housing system used by broiler production was inclined to synthesis of saturated fatty acids, especially in fat and breast muscle tissues, and changed fatty acid structure of chicken meat.

Fatty Acid Composition of Cultured Fibroblasts Derived from Healthy Nasal Mucosa and Nasal Polyps

Background: Fibroblasts from nasal polyps (NP) of asthma patients have reduced expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). We hypothesized that the reported alterations are due to alterations in the availability of arachidonic acid (AA). Objective: The objective was to determine the fatty acid composition of airway fibroblasts from healthy subjects and from asthma patients with and without aspirin intolerance. Methods: We analyzed the fatty acid composition of cultured fibroblasts from non-asthmatics (n = 6) and from aspirin-tolerant (n = 6) and aspirin-intolerant asthmatics (n = 6) by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector. Fibroblasts were stimulated with acetyl salicylic acid (ASA). Results: The omega-6 fatty acids dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (C20:3) and AA (C20:4), and omega-3 fatty acids docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) (C22:5) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (C22:6) were significantly higher in NP fibroblasts than in fibroblasts derived from nasal mucosa. The percentage composition of the fatty acids palmitic acid (C16:0) and palmitoleic acid (C16:1) was significantly higher in fibroblasts from patients with NP and aspirin intolerance than in fibroblasts derived from the nasal NP of aspirin-tolerant patients. ASA did not cause changes in either omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acids. Conclusions. Our data do not support the hypothesis that a reduced production of AA in NP fibroblasts can account for the reported low production of PGE2 in nasal polyps. Whether the increased proportion of omega-3 fatty acids can contribute to reduced PGE2 production in nasal polyps by competitively inhibiting COX-2 and reducing the amount of AA available to the COX-2 enzyme remains to be elucidated.

Utilization of omega-3 fatty acids is improved by embedding flaxseed in a matrix of dolomitic lime hydrate (2014)

Introduction Omega-3 fatty acids are essential nutrients for humans, but American diets are often deficient in these important long-chain fats. Incorporating greater proportions of omega-3 fatty acids into beef offers a means of increasing daily consumption of essential fats, while also enhancing the perceived value of beef. In cattle, dietary polyunsaturated fats are extensively hydrogenated into saturated fats by microbes in the rumen. This effectively decreases the efficiency of transfer for fats from the animal’s diet into edible beef tissues, because the bacteria convert more than 90% of the polyunsaturated fats into saturated fats before they are absorbed into the animal’s blood stream. Preventing this saturation process in the rumen would increase the proportion of dietary omega-3 fatty acids that are available for deposition into beef, thus making the production of omega-3-enriched beef more cost-effective. We have devised a method for improving the stability of fats in the rumen that effectively increases their resistance to the hydrogenating actions of rumen microbes. Sources of polyunsaturated fats are combined with dolomitic lime hydrate, water is added, and the mixture is blended at a high rate of rotation, yielding a densified matrix with improved ruminal stability. Our objective in this study was to evaluate feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, and blood profiles of long-chain fatty acids in cattle fed diets containing varying concentrations of ground flaxseed or ground flaxseed embedded in the dolomitic lime matrix.

Encapsulation of flaxseed in a dolomitic lime matrix: effects on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of steers vs. heifers (2014)

Introduction Polyunsaturated fatty acids, when fed to cattle, are subject to extensive alteration by ruminal microbes, effectively converting the polyunsaturated fats into saturated fats. The oil of flaxseed is rich in alpha linolenic acid (~55% of the oil), which is an essential polyunsaturated, omega-3 fatty acid. Enrichment of feedlot cattle diets with flaxseed has been used effectively as a means of increasing the proportions of omega-3 fatty acids incorporated into beef, but efficiency of transfer from the animal’s diet to beef is relatively low. Encapsulating the flaxseed or flaxseed oil in a matrix that is resistant to the actions of ruminal microbes could provide a mechanism for increasing the efficiency with which polyunsaturated fats are absorbed and deposited into tissues.

Modification in Body Fat Content and Fatty Acid Profile of Wild Yellow Shortfin Eel, Anguilla australis, through Short‐term Fattening

Wild‐catch eels with low fat content are either not accepted at all or accepted as a lower‐quality and less valuable product in the global eel market. This study was undertaken with the goal of increasing the fat content of yellow shortfin eel, Anguilla australis (104 ± 11 g initial weight), captured in the wild and kept in captivity for a short period, as well as assessing their rate of growth. An 86‐d feeding trial was conducted indoors in a recirculation aquaculture system, at 25.5 ± 1.6 C. Two commercial extruded dry feeds were tested; one formulated for European eel and one not specifically intended for use on eels. Good values of specific growth rate (1.10 and 1.12%/d) and feed conversion ratio (1.01 and 1.10) were achieved with both tested feeds. At the end of the trial, eels achieved 20–22% total fat, starting from wild fish with 7% fat content. Fat quality of the fattened eel was appreciably superior (higher proportion of omega‐3 fatty acids) than the fat of eels captured in the wild. The results of this study are encouraging for the prospect of fattening yellow shortfin eels and obtaining a market‐oriented eel product.

698 LOW LEVELS OF SERUM OMEGA-3 POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACID ARE ASSOCIATED WITH TUMOR AGGRESSIVENESS AND POOR PROGNOSIS IN RENAL CELL CARCINOMA

You have accessJournal of UrologyKidney Cancer: Evaluation and Staging II1 Apr 2012698 LOW LEVELS OF SERUM OMEGA-3 POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACID ARE ASSOCIATED WITH TUMOR AGGRESSIVENESS AND POOR PROGNOSIS IN RENAL CELL CARCINOMA Shinsuke Tasaki, Akio Horiguchi, Takako Asano, Kenji Kuroda, Akinori Sato, Jyunichi Asakuma, Kenji Seguchi, Masamichi Hayakawa, Keiichi Ito, and Tomohiko Asano Shinsuke TasakiShinsuke Tasaki tokorozawa, Japan More articles by this author , Akio HoriguchiAkio Horiguchi tokorozawa, Japan More articles by this author , Takako AsanoTakako Asano tokorozawa, Japan More articles by this author , Kenji KurodaKenji Kuroda tokorozawa, Japan More articles by this author , Akinori SatoAkinori Sato tokorozawa, Japan More articles by this author , Jyunichi AsakumaJyunichi Asakuma tokorozawa, Japan More articles by this author , Kenji SeguchiKenji Seguchi tokorozawa, Japan More articles by this author , Masamichi HayakawaMasamichi Hayakawa tokorozawa, Japan More articles by this author , Keiichi ItoKeiichi Ito tokorozawa, Japan More articles by this author , and Tomohiko AsanoTomohiko Asano tokorozawa, Japan More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2012.02.782AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Epidemiological and preclinical studies have revealed that the polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), have anticancer properties. Omega-3 fatty acids are acquired by humans mainly through the consumption of cold-water fish products. The risk and progression of renal cell carcinoma is known to be influenced by many environmental factors, including dietary factors. In the present study, we examined the distribution profile of serum fatty acid in patients with renal cell carcinoma and investigated its relationship between pathological parameters and clinical outcome. METHODS A total of 113 patients (89 males and 24 females) who underwent surgical treatment for renal cell carcinoma at our institute were included in this study. The levels of fatty acids in fasted serum samples collected in the morning of the day of operation were measured by a transesterification method and distribution profile of each patient was examined. This study was conducted under permission of the ethics committee of our institute. RESULTS Neither the distribution of omega-3 fatty acids nor the distribution of omega-6 fatty acids was associated with any pathological parameters. None of the levels of constituents of omega-6 fatty acids, such as linoleic acid or arachidonic acid, were associated any pathological parameters. The percentage of ALA in T1-2 patients (0.72 ± 0.19%), however, was significantly higher than that in T3-4 patients (0.61 ± 0.17%, p = 0.02). Moreover, the percentage of DHA in N0M0 patients (3.97 ± 1.31%) was significantly higher than that in patients with nodal involvement and/or distant metastasis (3.26 ± 1.02%, p = 0.04). The proportion of omega-6 fatty acids had no impact on cancer-specific survival but, patients with a higher proportion of omega-3 fatty acids had significantly better cancer-specific survival than those with a lower proportion of omega-3 fatty acids (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the serum omega-3 fatty acids distribution profile could be a novel predictor of tumor aggressiveness and prognosis in renal cell carcinoma. © 2012 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 187Issue 4SApril 2012Page: e286 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2012 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Shinsuke Tasaki tokorozawa, Japan More articles by this author Akio Horiguchi tokorozawa, Japan More articles by this author Takako Asano tokorozawa, Japan More articles by this author Kenji Kuroda tokorozawa, Japan More articles by this author Akinori Sato tokorozawa, Japan More articles by this author Jyunichi Asakuma tokorozawa, Japan More articles by this author Kenji Seguchi tokorozawa, Japan More articles by this author Masamichi Hayakawa tokorozawa, Japan More articles by this author Keiichi Ito tokorozawa, Japan More articles by this author Tomohiko Asano tokorozawa, Japan More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Omega-3 fatty acid status in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Lower levels of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly omega-3 fatty acids, in blood have repeatedly been associated with a variety of behavioral disorders including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The exact nature of this relationship is not yet clear. We have studied children with ADHD who exhibited skin and thirst symptoms classically associated with essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency, altered plasma and red blood cell fatty acid profiles, and dietary intake patterns that do not differ significantly from controls. This led us to focus on a potential metabolic insufficiency as the cause for the altered fatty acid phenotype. Here we review previous work and present new data expanding our observations into the young adult population. The frequency of thirst and skin symptoms was greater in newly diagnosed individuals with ADHD ( n = 35 ) versus control individuals without behavioral problems ( n = 112 ) drawn from the Purdue student population. A follow up case-control study with participants willing to provide a blood sample, a urine sample, a questionnaire about their general health, and dietary intake records was conducted with balancing based on gender, age, body mass index, smoking and ethnicity. A number of biochemical measures were analyzed including status markers for several nutrients and antioxidants, markers of oxidative stress, inflammation markers, and fatty acid profiles in the blood. The proportion of omega-3 fatty acids was found to be significantly lower in plasma phospholipids and erythrocytes in the ADHD group versus controls whereas saturated fatty acid proportions were higher. Intake of saturated fat was 30% higher in the ADHD group, but intake of all other nutrients was not different. Surprisingly, no evidence of elevated oxidative stress was found based on analysis of blood and urine samples. Indeed, serum ferritin, magnesium, and ascorbate concentrations were higher in the ADHD group, but iron, zinc, and vitamin B6 were not different. Our brief survey of biochemical and nutritional parameters did not give us any insight into the etiology of lower omega-3 fatty acids, but considering the consistency of the observation in multiple ADHD populations continued research in this field is encouraged.

Egg production of the copepod Acartia tonsa in Florida Bay: role of fatty acids in the nutritional composition of the food environment

The relationship between copepod egg production (EP) and nutritional constituents of the seston was investigated in a variety of environments in Florida Bay. Seston samples were col- lected for analyses of protein, carbohydrate, lipid, and specific fatty acid concentrations, and egg pro- duction rates of the planktonic calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa were measured during 'non-bloom' conditions in January and May of 1998 near Rankin Key, during a diatom-dominated bloom in January of 1999 near Flamingo, and during a flagellate-dominated bloom in October of 1999 near Rabbit Key. Fatty acid concentrations were also measured in copepod adults and eggs off Rabbit Key. Egg production rates from Rankin Key were low (2.7 to 2.8 eggs female -1 d -1 ) compared with rates from the 'bloom' sites (25.0 to 56.3 eggs female -1 d -1 ). Concentrations of nutritional constituents in the seston were low off both Rankin Key and Flamingo, but significantly higher off Rabbit Key. Adult copepods contained high proportions of omega-3 fatty acids (18:3ω -3, 20:5ω -3, and 22:6ω -3), but of these only 18:3ω -3 was present in the eggs. Although EP varied independently of the concentrations of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and most fatty acids, it varied directly with the concentration of the 18:3ω -3 fatty acid.