Proportion Of Unmet Need Research Articles

Determinants of unmet need for modern contraceptives in Ethiopia

ObjectiveTo identify the determinants of the unmet need for modern contraceptives in Ethiopia.DesignCommunity-based cross-sectional study.SettingEthiopia.ParticipantsA group of 6636 women of reproductive age (15–49 years) who were sexually active were included...

Association between Disability and Unmet Food Needs in the Venezuelan Migrant and Refugee Population: Analysis of a Population-Based Survey, 2022

In Peru, Venezuelan migrants and refugees have been exposed to food shortages before their emigration. This problem could have worse outcomes in vulnerable populations (such as people with disabilities); however, the literature on the basic needs of this population is still scarce. The objective was to determine the association between the presence of disability and the unmet need for access to food in the household of the Venezuelan migrant and refugee population residing in Peru. A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the Second Survey of the Venezuelan Population Residing in Peru (ENPOVE 2022). The outcome variable was unmet need for food, while the independent variable was the presence of disability. Poisson log generalized linear regression models (crude and adjusted for potential confounding variables) were fitted to evaluate the association between the variables of interest, reporting prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A total of 7739 migrants and refugees from Venezuela were included. The proportion of unmet need for access to food in the household was 45.2%, while the proportion of disability was 2.1%. People with disabilities were found to be more likely to have an unmet need for access to food at home (adjusted PR [aPR]: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.08-1.46; p = 0.003). According to our findings, almost half of Venezuelan households were found to have an unmet need for access to food. In addition, Venezuelan migrants and refugees with disabilities were more likely to have an unmet need for this basic need.

Predictor Associated with Unmet Need for Family Planning among Saudi Postpartum Women: Mind the Gap.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the magnitude and related factors of the unmet need for postpartum family planning among Saudi women in Riyadh. Methods: The cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2018 among postpartum women of less than 12 months. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the required data from 400 participants in primary health care (PHC) settings in Riyadh. Logistic regression model was used to determine the factors of unmet need. Results: The proportion of unmet need for postpartum family planning among women was found to be 20.5%. Around half (55.8 %) of the participants reported that they had used family planning methods in the past. About 62% of the participants reported using modern contraceptive methods. Women over 30 years were 3 times more likely to be pregnant without using contraceptives (AOR:3.17; CI: 1.55-6.50; p: 0.002). Women who have 3 or more kids were 2.51 times more likely to experience unwanted pregnancies than women with fewer kids (OR: 2.55, CI: 1.17-5.56, p = 0.018). Conclusion: The unmet need for postpartum family planning is almost double the global average and neighbour countries. There is a need to educate women about the importance of contraceptives use in the kingdom.

PENANGANAN UNMET NEED KB DI KAMPUNG KB: STUDI KASUS DI DUA KAMPUNG KB DI KABUPATEN CIANJUR

One of the tasks of  Kampung KB (Keluarga Berencana) is to reduce the proportion of unmet need for family planning by utilizing family planning field officers and gaining support from related institutions. This study aims to analyze the process of handling the unmet need for family planning in two Kampung KB in Cianjur Regency. The research used a qualitative approach in forms of individual in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. Data are analyzed descriptively based on case studies. The findings indicate that data recording instruments used daily in the research sites have not been able to identify groups of women with unmet need for family planning. Therefore, the existing services of family planning information have not been based on the needs of the target group. After the formation of Kampung KB, family planning information services and contraception services were more vigorous. While all of the services ease couples of childbearing age with unmet need for family planning to get related information and contraception, monitoring and evaluation activities still cannot be carried out because of the unavailability of officers as well as the target group and post-service data. In addition, there is no clear division of labor between the board Kampung KB and other family planning field officers in each stage of the handling of unmet need for family planning.

Level and Correlates of Unmet Need of Contraception among Women in Extended Postpartum in Northern Ethiopia

Background About 222 million women in developing countries had unmet need for contraception. Women in their first year after childbirth had the largest proportion of unmet need for contraception. This first year after delivery is described as an extended postpartum period. Objective To determine the level and correlates of unmet need for family planning among women who are in an extended postpartum period in the Tahtay Koraro District, Northern Ethiopia. Material and Method A cross-sectional facility-based study complemented by in-depth interview of key informant was implemented. A total of 409 women in the 1st year after delivery were recruited. The study period was from 1st February to March 30, 2014. For quantitative data Epi-Info version 3.5.4 software was used for data entry, and then data were exported to SPSS Version 21 software for further analysis. Logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with the outcome variable. The transcribed and translated qualitative text data were imported into an Open Code program and coded. Then codes were categorized and thematically described. Results The overall unmet need for family planning was 150 (36.7%), with 121 (29.6%) for spacing and 29 (7.1%) for limiting. One hundred twenty (29.3%) women were using family planning and 94 (78.3%) of them were using injectable. The commonest reasons for nonuse of FP were nonmenstruating since last birth 201 (69.6%), side effects 39 (13.5%), and not having sex 25 (8.7%). Rural residence (AOR=7.16, 95% CI 2.57-19.95), postpartum week (26-38 weeks; AOR=8.16, 95% CI 4.24-15.71), and low perceived risk of pregnancy (AOR=1.79, 95% CI 1.04-3.09) were significantly associated with high unmet need. Opposition from different groups of the community, low perceived risk of pregnancy, provider refusal of removal of implants, and misunderstanding of FP use and side effects were additional triggering factors for unmet need. Conclusion and Recommendation The unmet need for family planning was high. Rural residence, increased maternal postpartum week, and low perceived risk of pregnancy were associated with high unmet need. Opposition from different sects of the community and provider refusal of implant removal were also other factors triggering unmet need. Empowering women with knowledge of the risk of pregnancy and FP use during an extended postpartum period should be enhanced. Further awareness creation should be extended to periphery at different levels of the community.

Factors affecting contraceptive use and unmet need among currently married women in Afghanistan: further analysis of the 2015 Afghanistan Demographic and Health Survey

# Background The objective of this study is to analyze socio-demographic factors affecting both contraceptive use and unmet need for family planning. # Methods Secondary analysis was conducted based on data from the 2015 Afghanistan Demographic and Health Survey (DHS). The sample included 29,461 women aged 15-49 interviewed in the survey. A frequency distribution of independent variables for the study sample was carried out and then a Pearson's chi-square test was conducted for association and strength of association measured by multinomial and binary logistic regression. # Results The study found that 29% of women were using a contraceptive method (25.5% a modern method and 3.5% a traditional method). Among the modern methods, pills were the most common, followed by injection and male condom. The study found that a woman's number of living children was positively associated with contraceptive use; women with more than six children were the most likely to be using contraception. Uzbek and other minority ethnic groups seemed less likely to use contraceptive methods. Each level of women's educational attainment increased the use of contraceptive methods. Moreover, women who were exposed to media were more likely to use modern contraceptive methods compared with women not exposed to media. Finally, women in the two top wealth quintiles (richer and richest) were more likely to use modern contraceptive methods compared with poorer women. The study findings show that every factor except rural residence that is positively associated with contraceptive use is also negatively associated with unmet need for family planning, and vice versa. # Conclusions The key determinants for contraceptive use and for unmet need for family planning are parity, level of education, ethnicity, media exposure, and wealth index. The findings of this research show that there is still space in Afghanistan to increase contraceptive use among women of reproductive age, which consequently could decrease the proportion of unmet need for family planning.

CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE RATE, UNMET NEED FOR FAMILY PLANNING AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE GROUP

Background: Family planning includes knowledge, services, attitude, policies and practices which enable individuals to decide whether they want to have child and allow them to avoid unwanted pregnancy. Pakistan with population of 195.390 million with estimated population growth rate as 1.89 is the sixth most populous country in the world. Our objectives were to assess the total demand of family planning, contraceptive prevalence rate, unmet need for family planning and factors associated with unmet need of family planning among women of reproductive age group. Methods: We conducted this cross-sectional study on 355 females of reproductive age attending the out-patient department as patient or attendant. Data were collected using structured questionnaire after the participants' verbal consent. Results: The prevalence of unmet need was 34%. The proportion of unmet need for spacing was 63.6% and for limiters it was found to be 36.3%. Contraceptive prevalence rate was 57%. Total demand for family planning was 92.1%.Almost all study participant had knowledge regarding at least one method of contraception. Unmet need of family planning was found to be significantly associated with age and education status of women. High unmet need was there in women with low education status (p=0.047) and older age group (p=0.003). Main reasons for not using contraceptive was family opposition both family and husband (66.9), and fear of side effects (17.3%). Conclusion: More than one third females had unmet need which strongly points towards the strong influence of various socio demographic factors contributing towards the unmet need.

Unmet need for assistance with activities of daily life among older adults in Brazil.

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE To estimate the proportion of unmet need for personal assistance for basic and instrumental activities of daily life and to evaluate socioeconomic inequalities related to the unmet need among community-dwelling Brazilian older adults.METHODS This was a cross-sectional study with data from the last National Health Survey in Brazil. Unmet need was considered as the presence of at least one unmet need for basic or instrumental activities of daily life among individuals reporting the need for assistance. Logistic regression models were used to assess the correlates and probabilities of unmet need.RESULTS The proportion of unmet need was 18% and 7.1% for basic and instrumental activities of daily life, respectively. Unmet need was significantly related to living arrangements and socioeconomic status. Individuals in the first quintile of wealth status had about 50% higher probability of having an unmet need. A family member was the most prevalent type of caregiver.CONCLUSIONS Long-term care policy is needed to reduce the proportion of unmet need, especially among socioeconomically disadvantaged groups. Future studies should address the availability, training, and remuneration of caregivers, as those are an indispensable labor force in an aging society.

Prevalence and factors associated with depression and depression-related healthcare access in mothers of 9-month-old infants in the Republic of Ireland.

Untreated maternal depression during the postpartum period can have a profound impact on the short- and long-term psychological and physical well-being of children. There is, therefore, an imperative for increased understanding of the determinants of depression and depression-related healthcare access during this period. Respondents were 11 089 mothers of 9-month-old infants recruited to the Growing Up in Ireland study. Of this sample, 10 827 had complete data on all relevant variables. Respondents provided sociodemographic, socioeconomic and household information, and completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD). 11.1% of mothers scored above the CESD threshold for depression. 10.0% of depressed mothers and 25.4% of depressed fathers had depressed partners. Among depressed mothers, 73.1% had not attended a healthcare professional for a mental health problem since the birth of the cohort infant. In the adjusted model, the likelihood of depression was highest in mothers who: had lower educational levels (odds ratio (OR) 1.26; 95% confidence intervals (CIs) 1.08, 1.46); were unemployed (OR 1.27; 95% CIs 1.10, 1.47); reported previous mental health problems (OR 6.55; 95% CIs 5.68, 7.56); reported that the cohort child was the result of an unintended pregnancy (OR 1.43; 95% CIs 1.22, 1.68), was preterm (OR 1.35; 95% CIs 1.07, 1.70), or had health/developmental problems (OR 1.20; 95% CIs 1.04, 1.39); had no partner in the household (OR 1.33; 95% CIs 1.04, 1.70) or were living with a depressed partner (OR 2.66; 95% CIs 1.97, 3.60); reported no family living nearby (OR 1.33; 95% CIs 1.16, 1.54); were in the lowest income group (OR 1.60; 95% CIs 1.21, 2.12). The primary determinant of not seeking treatment for depression was being of non-white ethnicity (OR 2.21; 95% CIs 1.18, 4.13). Results highlight the prevalence of maternal depression in the later postpartum period, particularly for lower socioeconomic groups, those with previous mental health problems, and those with limited social support. The large proportion of unmet need in depressed mothers, particularly among ethnic minority groups, emphasises the need for a greater awareness of postpartum mental health problems and increased efforts by healthcare professionals to ensure that mothers can access the required services.

Correlates of Unmet Need for Contraception in Ethiopia: Evidence from 2011 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey

The highest proportion of unmet need for contraception is found in sub-Saharan Africa. Although unmet need for contraception declined from 36% in 2000 to 25% in 2011 in Ethiopia, it is still far from satisfying the demand. The data for this study is obtained from the 2011 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). Multinomial logistic regression was used to identify correlates of unmet need for contraception. Accordingly, 18% of women have unmet need for spacing and 9.6% for limiting. Age, educational level, number of children and religion were significant correlates of unmet needs for spacing and limiting. In addition, place of residence was significant correlate for spacing while age at marriage and knowledge of contraceptives were significant correlates for limiting. Expanding contraceptive accessibility and methods mix in rural areas; empowering women; and engaging religious and community leaders in educating the community about family planning (FP) are recommendations to satisfy the demand of contraception.

Time-trend and variations in the proportion of second-eye cataract surgery

BackgroundDespite recommendations for greater use of second-eye cataract surgery and the bilateral progression of the disease, there is a substantial proportion of unmet need for this treatment. Few studies have explored the factors associated with second-eye cataract surgery utilisation. The objective of our study was to estimate the proportion of second-eye cataract surgery, evaluate its time-trend, and explore differences in utilisation by patients' gender, age, and region of residence.MethodsAll senile cataract surgeries performed between 1999 and 2002 in the public health system of Catalonia (Spain) were obtained from the Minimum Data Set. The proportion of second-eye surgery from November 2000 to December 2002 was calculated. The time-trend of this proportion was characterised through linear regression models with the logarithmic transformation of time.ResultsThe proportion of second-eye surgery was 30.0% and showed an increasing trend from 24.8% (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 21.6; 26.1) in November 2000 to 31.8% (95% CI 31.4; 33.6) in December 2002. This proportion was 1.9% (95% CI 0.9; 2.9) higher in women (p < 0.001) and held constant across time. Male patients aged less than 60 had the lowest proportion (22.6%; 95% CI 22.4; 22.9) and females between 70 and 79 had the highest proportion (27.4%; 95% CI 26.9; 27.9). The time-trend for the proportion of second-eye surgery in those aged over 80 years was greater than for younger ages, showing an increase of 9% at the end of the period for both males and females. Variations between regions decreased over time because regions with the lowest initial proportions of second-eye surgery (approximately 17%) showed a greater increase over the study period.ConclusionWe predict greater utilization of second-eye surgery in patients aged 70 to 79 years and in women. A greater increase in the utilisation rates of second-eye surgery is expected in the regions with lower proportions and in older patients. The observed trend suggests that there will be a substantial proportion of unmet need for bilateral surgery.

Alternative Measures of Unmet Need for Family Planning in Developing Countries

Estimates of the unmet need for family planning among currently married women in developing countries who want no more children vary widely within countries and between countries depending upon the measure used to define that need. The authors examine the implications of 12 measures of unmet need in 18 3rd World countries that participated in the World Fertility Survey and address the differential demographic impact of the various measures. By the simplest measure--the percentage of currently married women who want no more children and are not using an effective contraceptive (pill IUD injection sterilization barrier methods)--unmet need averages 40% in these 18 countries ranging from 58% in Peru to 24% in Kenya. (While 2 countries may have the same levels of unmet need as Kenya and Costa Rica do the reasons may be quite different. Very few Kenyan women say they want no more children and so their contraceptive use is extremely low; a large proportion of Costa Rican women on the other hand say they want no more children and their level of contraceptive practice is very high.) When the measure is use of any method including ineffective ones unmet need declines to 35%. As the measures become more rigorous the proportion of unmet need declines. The authors suggest that there is no best estimate of unmet need. For a clinic-based family planning program in its early stages with a limited budget and little outreach or educational component the most stringent measure of unmet need is probably the most appropriate to define the programs target group. This group would include women who want no more children desire fewer children than they actually have are not pregnant or infecund are not breastfeeding and are not using any method of contraception but indicate that they intend future use. On the other hand a well financed program with extensive educational activities may want to use the measure that includes all women who want no more children are not pregnant or infecund and are not using an effective method. The investigators point out that in some countries there may be considerable unmet need for contraceptive services for childspacing; adding this measure could raise the total unmet need considerably. In most of the countries analyzed it was found that the fertility rate among women with unmet need was about twice that of women whose need has been met. If all need were met the fertility would decline on average about 11%--ranging from 5% in Kenya and Costa Rica to 25% in Korea. (authors) (summaries in ENG FRE)