Proportion Of Teens Research Articles

A Cross-Sectional Analysis of 2017-2022 National Immunization Survey: Sociodemographic Disparities Associated With Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Initiation and Completion Series Among US Adolescents.

The introduction of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has led to future decline in prevalence of HPV-causing cancers; however, disparities in early HPV vaccine uptake and coverage may contribute to persistent inequalities in HPV-related cancers in the United States. We assess the current trend of sociodemographic factors significantly associated with the initiation and Up To Date (UTD) HPV vaccine series among adolescents in the U.S. The retrospective National Immunization Survey-Teen data were analyzed for a cohort of adolescents aged 13-17 years who initiated HPV vaccine and completed the series from 2017 to 2022. A multivariable logistic regression estimated the correlation of sociodemographic variables to determine the odds of HPV vaccine initiation and completion as the outcomes. There were 3.2% and 5% surge in HPV vaccine initiation and UTD, respectively, with teens' mean age of 14.98 over the years. The unvaccinated dropped by 5.6%, and those not UTD declined by 4.6% in the HPV vaccine series during this period. The proportion of teens who initiated and completed the vaccine series were mostly older female teens, non-Hispanics, regularly insured with private coverage, raised by educated older mothers, above poverty status, and living in the South. The adjusted multivariable logistic regression shows the odds of initiating and completing increases over the years, and older teens are more likely to initiate the HPV vaccine and complete the vaccine series. However, boys with non-Medicaid coverage/uninsured in the South have lower odds to initiate and complete the vaccine. Improved HPV vaccine uptake and UTD were found in older females, insured with Medicaid, and from highly educated mothers in the Northeast. Findings underscore the importance of effective strategies to address current HPV vaccination disparities among identified teens with lower uptake and UTD that may reduce future burden of HPV-related cancers in the U.S.

1301-P: Factors Predicting Diabetes Distress over 18 Months in Teens with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D)

Background: Teens with T1D are burdened by physical, social, and emotional challenges that can lead to diabetes distress, impacting self-care and health outcomes. We assessed diabetes distress and associated factors in teens with T1D over 18 months. Methods: At baseline, 6, 12, and 18 months, teens (N=301), ages 13-17 years, completed the Problem Areas in Diabetes Survey - Pediatric version (PAID-Peds), a validated 20-item survey measuring diabetes distress over the past month. Higher scores (range 0-100) indicate more distress; ≥41 = high distress. Mixed linear models assessed factors associated with changing diabetes distress over time. Results: At baseline, teens (49% male, 78% white) were 15.0±1.3 (M±SD) years old with T1D duration 6.5±3.7 years; 84% were from 2-parent families. Youth checked BG 4.5±1.9 x/day; 59% were pump-treated; A1c was 8.5±1.1%. At baseline, 45% of teens endorsed high diabetes distress and females were disproportionately affected (54% vs. 36% of males, p<.01). In follow-up, 75% of teens with high baseline distress and 24% of teens with low baseline distress endorsed high distress at ≥50% of follow-up time points. High baseline distress strongly predicted subsequent distress (OR 9.6 [95% CI: 5.6, 16.5], p<.0001). Female sex and increasing A1c predicted increasing distress. In teens with high baseline distress, decreasing BG monitoring predicted increasing distress. In those without high baseline distress, only increasing A1c predicted increasing distress. Factors such as zBMI, race, family structure, household income, parental education, pump use, or use of continuous glucose monitors did not predict distress over time. Discussion: A substantial proportion of teens with T1D experience high diabetes distress. Rising A1c is a major factor associated with worsening diabetes distress over time. Interventions targeting teens with diabetes distress and/or increasing A1c may positively impact self-care and simultaneously help to manage distress and improve A1c. Disclosure D.E. McGill: None. L.K. Volkening: None. P.V. Commissariat: None. R.M. Wasserman: None. B. Anderson: None. L.M. Laffel: Advisory Panel; Self; Roche Diabetes Care. Consultant; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., ConvaTec Inc., Dexcom, Inc., Insulet Corporation, Insulogic LLC, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Lilly Diabetes, Novo Nordisk Inc., Sanofi US. Funding National Institutes of Health (R01DK095273, K12DK094721, P30DK036836), JDRF (2-SRA-2014-253-M-B)

Design and implementation of a parent guide for coaching teen drivers

IntroductionTeens beginning to drive independently are at significant increased risk of motor-vehicle crashes relative to their other life stages. There is, however, little guidance for parents as to how best to supervise learning to drive. MethodThis study sought to undertake an informed approach to development and implementation of a Parent Guide. We included a multi-stage development process, using theory, findings from a Delphi-study of young driver traffic-safety experts, and parent focus groups. This process informed the development of a Guide that was then evaluated for feasibility and acceptability, comparing a group that received the Guide with a control group of parent and teen dyads. Both members of the dyads were surveyed at baseline, again at the approximate time teens would be licensed to drive independently (post-test), and again three months later. ResultsWe found no difference in the proportion of teens who became licensed between those given the new Guide and control teens (who received the state-developed booklet); that is the Guide did not appear to promote or delay licensure. Teens in the Guide group reported that their parents were more likely to use the provided resource compared with control teens. Responses indicated that the Parent Guide was favorably viewed, that it was easy to use, and that the logging of hours was a useful inclusion. Parents noted that the Guide helped them manage their stress, provided strategies to keep calm, and helped with planning practice. In contrast, control parents noted that their booklet helped explain rules. Among licensed teens there was no significant difference in self-reported risky driving at the three-month follow-up. We discuss the challenges in providing motivation for parents to move beyond a set number of practice hours to provide diversity of driving practice.

A questionnaire survey regarding the support needed by Yogo teachers to take care of students suspected of having eating disorders (second report).

BackgroundThe lowering of the age of onset and chronicity have been key problems related to eating disorders (EDs). As the proportion of teens in the estimated onset ages has increased, it has become important to detect students with EDs and to clarify how they can be supported. Though epidemiological surveys of Yogo teachers (school nurse/health science teachers) have been conducted to inquire about the number of such students, none of these were done according to ED type based on DSM-5. Thus, we conducted a wide area survey in Japan with the goal of proposing a better framework of support for Yogo teachers in their efforts to care for students with EDs.MethodsA questionnaire survey organized by ED type (based on DSM-5) was administered to Yogo teachers working at elementary/junior high/senior high/special needs schools in four prefectures of Japan in 2015, and 1,886 responses were obtained. Based on the results, the encounter rates (the proportion of Yogo teachers who had encountered a student with an ED) were calculated, and factors that could affect the rates were examined by logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe order of the encounter rates of the ED types was as follows: Anorexia Nervosa (AN) > Bulimia Nervosa (BN) > Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) > Binge Eating Disorder (BED) > Others. The factors significantly affecting the rates were “location, school type, number of students, experience years, and AN knowledge” for AN, “school type, experience years, and BN knowledge” for BN, “school type, experience years, and BED knowledge” for BED, “location, experience years, and ARFID knowledge” for ARFID, and “school type, experience years, and Others knowledge” for Others.ConclusionsBecause the encounter rate of AN was the highest, providing support for AN would be the most effective. Moreover, one factor that affected the encounter rate of all ED types was ED knowledge. In addition to this, senior high schools had the highest encounter rates for AN, BN and BED, and special needs schools had the highest rates for Others. These findings imply that, in order to detect and support ED students at an early stage, it is necessary to offer knowledge of the most prevalent ED types to Yogo teachers at the corresponding school type.

Questionnaire Survey for Assessing the Present Condition of Children with Eating Disorders in Japanese Schools

Background: As the proportion of teens in the onset ages has increased, it has become important to detect eating disorder (ED) students early in school and clarify the way of support. Though epidemiological surveys of Yogo teachers have been conducted to inquire the number of ED students, none of these were based on DSM-5. Thus, we conducted a wide area survey in Japan for proposing a better framework of support for Yogo teachers in the early detection/support of ED students. Methods: A questionnaire survey organized by ED type (based on DSM-5) was administered to Yogo teachers working at elementary/junior high/senior high/special needs schools in four prefectures of Japan in 2015, and 1886 responses were obtained. Based on the results, the encounter rates (the proportions of Yogo teachers who had met ED students) were calculated, and factors affecting them were examined by logistic regression analysis. Results: The order of the encounter rates of the ED type was Anorexia Nervosa (AN)>Bulimia Nervosa (BN)>Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID)>Binge Eating Disorder (BED)>others. The factors significantly affecting the rates were location, school type, number of students, experience years, and AN knowledge for AN, school type, experience years, BN knowledge for BN, location, school type, experience years, BED knowledge for BED, location, experience years, ARFID knowledge for ARFID and school type, experience years, Others knowledge for Others. Conclusions: Since the encounter rate of AN was highest, providing support for AN would be effective. Moreover, a factor affecting the rate of all ED types was the ED knowledge. Senior high schools had the highest rates for AN, BN and BED, and special needs schools had the highest for others. These findings imply that for detecting/supporting ED students early, it is necessary to offer knowledge of the corresponding ED type to Yogo teachers at the corresponding school type.

Longitudinal Analysis of Adolescent Girls' Activity Patterns: Understanding the Influence of the Transition to Licensure.

The proportion of teens and young adults with driver's licenses has declined sharply in many industrialized countries including the United States. Explanations for this decline have ranged from the introduction of graduated driver licensing programs to the increase in online social interaction. We used a longitudinal cohort study of teenage girls in San Diego and Minneapolis to evaluate factors associated with licensure and whether teens' travel patterns become more independent as they aged. We found that licensure depended not only on age, but on race and ethnicity as well as variables that correlate with household income. Results also showed evidence that teen travel became more independent as teen's age, and that acquiring a license is an important part of this increased independence. However, we found limited evidence that teen's travel-activity patterns changed as a result of acquiring a driver's license. Rather, teen independence resulted in less parental chauffeuring, but little shift in travel patterns. For the larger debate on declining Millennial mobility, our results suggest the need for more nuanced attention to variation across demographic groups and consideration of the equity implications if declines in travel and licensure are concentrated in low-income and minority populations.

Changing Sociodemographic Factors and Teen Fertility: 1991-2009.

This study analyzed the roles of trends in sociodemographic factors known to be related to the risk of a teen birth. The goal was to analyze the roles of these trends in maternal education, family structure and mother's age at first birth in the likelihood of adolescents becoming teen mothers across multiple birth cohorts of women covering the years since 1991. Data are from the 1995, 2002, 2006-2010 and 2011-2013 National Surveys of Family Growth (NSFG). Consecutive birth cohorts of female respondents were constructed and retrospectively followed to estimate the risk of a teen birth for each cohort. Logistic regression models estimate the odds of a teen birth across cohorts and within strata of the predictors across cohorts. Maternal education rose across cohorts; the proportion who were non-Hispanic white declined. In general, the likelihood of an adolescent birth did not change within categories of the predictors that are considered at higher risk for a teen birth across birth cohorts. Specifically, there was no change in the odds of a teen birth among women whose mothers did not finish high school, those born to teen mothers and those not from two-parent families. The odds of a birth declined across cohorts for black women. The findings suggest that much of the decline in teen birth rates is due to declines in the proportion of teens in higher risk categories, rather than to declines within those categories.

Substance Abuse among Young People in India - Approaches at Curbing the Menace

India also has a huge at-risk to substance abuse young population with 40% being below the age of 18 years. As observed a notable proportion of teens in West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Haryana have been using gateway drugs. Every year, about 55,000 children take up to smoking generally hailing from low socio-economic strata. This risky behavior is often initiated during childhood and adolescence, as more than 70% of adult smokers report that they started smoking on a daily basis prior to age 18. Substance abuse creates a huge hindrance for survival, protection, growth and development of healthy children, which is fundamental for improving quality of life. Protecting children from substance abuse has to be considered the most essential and urgent need for creating a ‘World fit for Children’ and for a meaningful achievement of the ‘Millennium Development Goals’.This paper looks at the extent, patterns and trends of substance abuse problem among children in India, primarily through review of studies and also substantiates it with the field based observations by linking personal experience of working with marginalized children with a national level NGO running the Ministry supported Drug De-Addiction Centre and Integrated Child Protection Scheme. The paper will also discuss the existing challenges in addressing the substance abuse problem while emphasizing the need to focus beyond the bio-medical and behavioral modification approach based intervention. It also suggests comprehensive approaches for substance abuse intervention that would address the full spectrum of determinants in the complex Indian context.

Parenting Styles and Youth Well-Being Across Immigrant Generations

This study examines generational patterns of parenting styles, the relationships between parenting styles and adolescent well-being among youth of Mexican origin, and the role of generational parenting style patterns in explaining generational patterns in youth behavior (delinquency and alcohol problems) and psychological well-being (depression and self-esteem). This study uses two waves of data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). The proportion of teens with permissive parents increased with generation; other parenting styles declined. The rate of youth with behavioral problems increased with generation. Self-esteem improved with generation; depression scores did not. Bivariate generational patterns of behavioral and psychological outcomes are a function of the patterns seen for youth with permissive parents, coupled with the increase in the proportion of permissive parents with each successive generation. In contrast, these outcomes did not worsen with generation for youth with authoritative parents.

Management of Dermoid Cysts in the Pediatric and Adolescent Population—A Comparative Study of Laparoscopy Versus Laparotomy

egories: less than college (requiring less than a college education), college or more (requiring at least a college education) and undecided. Demographic variables and school plans were used to characterize the sample. The analysis included chi-square, and Fisher’s exact test. Results: The study population included 20% (n 5 53) 12e15 year olds, 38% (n 5 100) 16e17 year olds and 41% (n 5 108) 18e19 year olds. Overall, 76% (n 5 199) of the adolescents reported their pregnancies were unintended. 59% (n 5 153) reported a career that required at least a college education, 29% (n 5 75) reported a career that requires less than a college education and 12% (n 5 33) were undecided. Career aspirations that would require at least a college education were reported by 58% (n 5 116) of those who reported unintended pregnancy and 63% (n 5 37) of those who reported intended pregnancy (p-value 5 0.54). Seventy-two percent (n 5 53) of those adolescents who had finished high school and 68% (n 5 208) of those who had not finished high school reported they wanted to go back to school right after having the baby. Conclusions: The majority of teens in this study reported their pregnancy was unintended, had career aspirations requiring at least a college education and planned to go back to school after the baby was born. There was no difference in career aspiration between the proportion of teens who reported their pregnancy was intended versus unintended. Teen pregnancy prevention programs may want to focus on helping at-risk teens understand what educational levels are required to achieve their career aspirations. For teens that become pregnant and choose to continue their pregnancy, addressing their career aspirations may help teen mothers achieve their educational goals.

Transition to Independent Living and Substance Involvement of Treated and High Risk Youth

ABSTRACT National studies indicate that alcohol and drug involvement increases during transition from adolescence to young adulthood. The present study evaluated change in alcohol and drug use as youth move from living with their family of origin to independent living environments. Two samples of youth, those who had previously been treated for alcohol and drug problems (n = 102), and a sample of non-abusing youth (n = 70) with comparable socioeconomic backgrounds and family history of alcohol dependence, were compared as they transitioned into their first independent living environment. There was a 35% increase in the number of monthly drinking episodes across this transition to independent living, and a 46% increase in number of drinks per week. Drug involvement was less affected by this developmental transition, however a larger proportion of teens with a history of substance problems reported use of drugs (31% vs. 48%) following transition to independent living. Both level of exposure to substances in the new environment and peer substance use were significant predictors of post-transition substance involvement. Findings highlight significant changes in alcohol involvement in relation to this critical developmental transition of late adolescence and young adulthood.

Minimum Wage Effects on Employment and School Enrollment

We argue in this paper that the focus on employment effects in recent studies of minimum wages ignores an important interaction between schooling, employment, and the minimum wage. To study these linkages, we estimate a conditional logit model of employment and enrollment outcomes for teenagers using state-year observations for the period 1977 to 1989. The results show a negative influence of minimum wages on school enrollment and a positive effect on the proportion of teens neither employed nor in school. We further suggest that our results are consistent with substitution by employers of higher- for lower-skilled teenagers, with the displaced teens ending up both out of work and out of school.

Encouraging school enrollment and attendance among teenage parents on welfare: Early impacts of Ohio's LEAP program

This article presents interim findings from an impact analysis of Ohio's Learning, Earning, and Parenting (LEAP) Program. LEAP is a statewide program designed to encourage school attendance among pregnant and parenting teens on welfare. The key features of the program are bonuses of $62 for each month a teen regularly attends school or a GED program and penalties of $62 for each month the teen does not regularly attend. The early findings presented here suggest that LEAP has succeeded in its primary short-term goal of increasing the enrollment and attendance of teen parents on welfare. Additional follow up is necessary, however, to determine whether these enrollment and attendance impacts lead to substantial changes in the proportion of teens who finish school and ultimately leave welfare.