Proportion Of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Cases Research Articles

MAPPING DISTRIBUTION OF RISK FACTORS OF THE EVENT OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS (pulmonary TB) USING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS)

According to WHO data in 2018, the largest proportion of pulmonary TB cases was in the Asian region at 45%, Indonesia was the 2nd highest for pulmonary TB cases in the world after India. Based on data from the Kuningan District Health Office in 2021, the prevalence of pulmonary TB cases was 0.92% with a total of 1,389 cases. The purpose of this study was to describe the distribution of risk factors for the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis (Pulmonary TB) using a Geographic Information System (GIS) in Kuningan District 2022. This study uses a descriptive type of research with a quantitative approach. The population and sample in this study were 32 sub-districts in Kuningan Regency with a total of 1,389 cases. The sample in this study is total sampling. Data analysis in this study includes univariate analysis using SPSS application and spatial distribution using ArcGIS application. The distribution of the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis (pulmonary TB) in Kuningan Regency showed that most of them were classified as low, namely 30 sub-districts (93.8%). The distribution of high incidence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis (Pulmonary TB) is found in sub-districts with high population density, PHBS coverage that has not reached the target, and coverage of healthy homes that have not reached the target, namely Kuningan District with a total of 367 cases. The distribution of the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is high in sub-districts with high population density, PHBS coverage that has not reached the target, and healthy housing coverage that has not reached the target. There is a need for more intensive program monitoring efforts by the Kuningan egency Health Office so that it can reduce the prevalence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis (Pulmonary TB) incidence in Kuningan Regency.

Effect of COVID-19 lockdown on the pathway of care and treatment outcome among patients with tuberculosis in a rural part of northern India: a community-based study

Objectives: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic affected routine healthcare services across all spectra, and tuberculosis (TB) care under the National Tuberculosis Elimination Program have been affected the most. However, evidence available at the community level is minimal. The clinical features, care cascade pathway, and treatment outcomes of TB patients pre- and during/post-COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in a rural community health block in northern India were assessed and compared.Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study that included all patients diagnosed with TB and initiated treatment under programmatic settings between January 1 and June 30, 2020, in a rural TB unit in northern India. The periods from January 1 to March 23 and March 24 to June 30 were marked as pre-lockdown and during/post-lockdown, respectively.Results: A total of 103 patients were diagnosed and treated for TB during the study period. A significantly higher proportion of pulmonary TB cases were reported during/post-lockdown (43, 82.7%) compared to that pre-lockdown (32, 62.7%), and a higher diagnostic delay was noted during/post-lockdown (35, 81.4%). Through adjusted analysis, patients diagnosed during/post-lockdown period (adjusted risk ratio [aRR], 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73–0.98) and previously treated (aRR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.60–0.995) had significantly lower favorable treatment outcomes.Conclusions: The symptom and disease (pulmonary/extrapulmonary) pattern have changed during/post-lockdown. The care cascade delays are still high among TB patients, irrespective of the lockdown status. Lockdown had a significant adverse impact on the outcomes of TB treatment.

Factores predictivos de tuberculosis pulmonar en personas privadas de la libertad, Ecuador 2019

Objective: To determine the predictive factors and the proportion of cases of active pulmonary tuberculosis. Material and method: A cross-sectional study was realized with the prisoners who were admitted between February and April 2019 to the center with the highest prison density in Ecuador. Incidence, prevalence and risk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis were calculated. Results: 634 prisoners were surveyed, 14% with respiratory symptoms and 0,2% were diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis. The prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis was 1,4%, of which 22,2% were MDR and 11,1% presented coinfection with HIV. The TB prevalence rate was 1.419,6 per 100.000 prisoners (95% CI, 488,7-2.540,4) and MDR TB was 11% (95% CI, 8,7-205,9). Conclusion: The proportion of pulmonary tuberculosis cases were higher than those found in the general population and lower than those registered inside the prison and HIV infection was the main predictive factor found, so it is necessary to optimize the preadmission diagnostic algorithms for avoid transmission in these enclosures.

Proportion of pulmonary tuberculosis cases diagnosed at different levels of health care across fourteen districts of Kerala

Background: It is estimated that 10.4 million cases and 1.7 million deaths occur due to tuberculosis (TB) globally. More than one quarter of TB cases and TB-related deaths worldwide occur in India each year. Kerala's TB incidence is estimated to be 67 cases per 100,000. Objective was to estimate the proportion of Pulmonary TB cases diagnosed at different levels of the health care system across all the fourteen districts of Kerala from January to September 2019.Methods: A secondary data analysis was conducted on information obtained from the NIKSHAY portal from January to September 2019. Proportion of cases detected at PHC, CHC, THQ, District hospital and other tertiary care facilities was computed. Statistical analysis was performed using statistical package of social sciences (SPSS) version 23.0.Results: The maximum number of new TB cases (70.8%) was being detected at the primary care level, while 20.3% of new cases were detected from tertiary care centres and 8.9% from secondary care centres. At the primary healthcare level, the maximum number of newly diagnosed TB cases was reported from Wayanad district (88.0%) while, in the secondary and tertiary care levels, Kollam district was found to diagnose the maximum number of new TB cases (24.0% and 48.4% respectively).Conclusions: In this study, majority of the new TB cases were being diagnosed at the Primary health care level. However, in few districts the secondary and tertiary care centres were found to be diagnosing a greater number of cases.

Epidemiology of tuberculosis in Papua New Guinea: analysis of case notification and treatment-outcome data, 2008-2016.

Papua New Guinea has strengthened its surveillance system for tuberculosis (TB) under the National TB Program. This paper provides an overview of TB surveillance data at the national and subnational levels from 2008 to 2016.TB case notification has consistently increased since 2008 with 6184 cases (93 per 100 000 population) in 2008 to 28 598 (359 per 100 000 population) in 2014 and has stabilized since 2014 with 28 244 cases (333 per 100 000 population) in 2016. The population-screening rate for TB rose from 0.1% in 2008 to 0.4% in 2016. Notified cases were dominated by extra-pulmonary TB (EP-TB, 42.4% of all cases in 2016). The proportion of pulmonary TB cases with no sputum test results was high with a national average of 26.6%. The regional variation of case notifications was significant: the Southern Region had the highest number and rate of notified TB cases. Of the nationally reported cases, 26.7% occurred in children. Treatment success rates remained low at 73% for bacteriologically confirmed TB and 64% for all forms of TB in 2016, far below the global target of 90%. For all forms of TB, 19% of patients were lost to follow-up from treatment.An analysis of TB data from the national surveillance system has highlighted critical areas for improvement. A low population-screening rate, a high proportion of pulmonary TB cases without sputum test results and a low treatment success rate suggest areas for improvement in the National TB Program. Our additional subnational analysis helps identify geographical and programmatic areas that need strengthening and should be further promoted to guide the programme’s direction in Papua New Guinea.

Time series cross-correlation analysis of HIV seropositivity and pulmonary tuberculosis among migrants entering Kuwait

BackgroundThere is a paucity of published data on burden and pattern of dual infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV among migrants from South Asia, South-east Asia and sub-Saharan Africa entering the Middle-East, particularly Kuwait. Therefore, this study assessed the overall prevalence of HIV infection and pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and evaluated the ecological relationship between them. MethodsTime series cross-correlation analysis was used to determine the ecological time-lagged relationship between the monthly proportions (per 100,000) of HIV seropositive and pulmonary TB cases among migrant workers that entered Kuwait between January 1, 1997 and December 31, 2006. ResultsDuring the study period, overall prevalence (per 100,000) of HIV seropositivity and pulmonary TB among the migrants was 21 (494/23,28,582) (95% CI: 19–23), and 198 (4608/23,28,582) (95% CI: 192–204), respectively. Estimated cross-correlation function revealed a significant positive correlation (0.292±0.093) at lag −3 representing a positive relationship between the proportions of HIV seropositive (per 100,000) migrants tested 3 months earlier and the proportion of pulmonary TB (per 100,000) cases detected among migrants in a given month. Thus, the peak in proportion of pulmonary TB cases preceded the peak in proportion of HIV seropositive migrants indicating a direct time-lagged association between HIV seropositivity and the prevalence of pulmonary TB among migrants. ConclusionsHIV infection seemed to have played a significant role in the re-activation of latent M. tuberculosis infection in this migrant population. While currently less evident, in near future, however, TB and HIV/AIDS control programmes in the countries of origin of migrants may face a crucial challenge. Knowledge of serious consequences of association between HIV infection and pulmonary TB allows the promotion of public heath education to reduce the exposure to these infections. Future studies may focus on evaluating the impact of public health education programs on this dual burden of HIV infection and pulmonary TB in migrants.