Proportion Of Male Subjects Research Articles

A Comparative Radiographic Evaluation of Occlusal Plane in Dentulous and Edentulous Subjects: A Clinical Study

The aim of this study is to establish a proportion between the inferior border of mandible and lower edge of the mental foramen and inferior border of mandible to occlusal plane for dentulous subjects and to evaluate the validity of this proportion in orienting the occlusal plane for edentulous subjects. The occlusal plane was evaluated in the selected 50 dentulous and edentulous subjects for its relation to the mental foramen and inferior border of the mandible. The orthopantograms obtained were traced with the markings and the measurements were tabulated under different headings. After measuring the distances, the proportion between the distances was determined. The mean proportions of dentulous, edentulous, male, and female subjects were evaluated. Then the proportion of male subjects was compared with that of female subjects and dentulous subjects with that of edentulous subjects. Comparison of proportion between the different groups was done by using unpaired t test. The mean and standard deviation (SD) were determined for each group separately and were compared within each group. From the calculated "t" value, "p" the probability for error was found out. In dentulous subjects, the proportion ranged from 1:3.53 to 1:4.40. The mean was 1:3.90. In edentulous subjects, the proportion ranged from 1:3.50 to 1:4.15. The mean was 1:3.84. On comparison, the difference between both the groups was 0.06. The difference was statistically insignificant (p = 0.14). In the comparison of dentulous male and female subjects, the difference obtained was 0.02. The difference was statistically insignificant (p = 0.77). The comparison of edentulous male and female subjects and the difference obtained was 0.03. The difference was statistically insignificant (p = 0.51). The derived proportion of 1:4 between the inferior border of mandible and mental foramen and inferior border of mandible and occlusal plane in edentulous patients as measured on an orthopantogram may yield a plane of occlusion similar to that existing in the dentulous state. The above-drawn proportion between the inferior border of the mandible to the lower edge of the mental foramen and between the inferior border of the mandible and the occlusal plane in edentulous patients may yield a plane of occlusion which is oriented similar to that existing in the dentulous state. The proportions derived radiographically in this study can serve as a basis for future studies to establish the occlusal plane for edentulous subjects.

Predictors of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness in Medical Students: A Meta-Regression.

Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is highly prevalent among medical students and can have serious negative outcomes for both students and their patients. Little is known about the magnitude and predictors of EDS among medical college students. A meta-regression analysis was conducted to achieve these two targets. A systematic search was performed for English-language studies that reported the prevalence of EDS among medical students using the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), age, sex, sleep duration and sleep quality as predictive variables. A total of nine observational studies (K = 9, N = 2587) were included in the analyses. Meta-regression analyses were performed using mean age (years), sex (proportion of male subjects), sleep duration (hours/night) and sleep quality index score (continuous scale) as moderators for EDS—with the prevalence of EDS as an outcome variable. An interaction term of sleep duration X sleep quality was created to assess if these two variables simultaneously influenced the outcome variable. Utilizing the ESS, the pooled prevalence of EDS among medical students was 34.6% (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 18.3–50.9%). Meta-regression models of age, sex, sleep duration and sleep quality alone revealed poor predictive capabilities. Meta-regression models of sleep duration–sleep quality interaction revealed results with high statistical significance. The findings from this review contribute supporting evidence for the relationship between sleep duration and sleep quality scores (i.e., sleep duration X sleep quality score) in predicting EDS in medical students.

Cognitive behavioral therapy for post-stroke depression: A meta-analysis

BackgroundCognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has been widely used for post-stroke depression (PSD), but the findings have been inconsistent. This is a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of CBT for PSD. MethodsBoth English (PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase) and Chinese (WanFang Database, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and SinoMed) databases were systematically searched. Weighted and standardized mean differences (WMDs/SMDs), and the risk ratio (RR) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the random effects model. ResultsAltogether 23 studies with 1,972 participants with PSD were included and analyzed. Of the 23 RCTs, 39.1% (9/23) were rated as high quality studies, while 60.9% (14/23) were rated as low quality. CBT showed positive effects on PSD compared to control groups (23 arms, SMD = −0.83, 95% CI: −1.05 to −0.60, P < 0.001). Both CBT alone (7 arms, SMD = −0.76, 95% CI: −1.22 to −0.29, P = 0.001) and CBT with antidepressants (14 arms, SMD = −0.95, 95% CI: −1.20 to −0.71, P < 0.00001) significantly improved depressive symptoms in PSD. CBT had significantly higher remission (6 arms, RR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.37–2.25, P < 0.00001) and response rates (6 arms, RR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.22–1.63, P < 0.00001), with improvement in anxiety, neurological functional deficits and activities of daily living. CBT effects were associated with sample size, mean age, proportion of male subjects, baseline depression score, mean CBT duration, mean number of CBT sessions, treatment duration in each session and study quality. ConclusionAlthough this meta-analysis found positive effects of CBT on depressive symptoms in PSD, the evidence for CBT is still inconclusive due to the limitations of the included studies. Future high-quality RCTs are needed to confirm the benefits of CBT in PSD.

Evaluation of a novel flushing protocol for a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) in the neurological intensive care unit: A prospective randomized study.

Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are increasingly used in critical care units. Venous arterial blood management protection (VAMP) for PICCs could decrease the rate of blockage of PICCs. We investigated whether a novel flushing method for PICCs could decrease the risk of venous thromboembolism (VT) and catheter-associated bloodstream infections (CABSIs) compared to the traditional flushing method. In this prospective randomized study, we evaluated 360 patients with PICCs who were admitted to our neurological intensive care unit from March 2012 to February 201 4. The patients were randomized into the experimental group (n= 186) and the control group (n= 174). The VAMP-system flushing method was used in the experimental group whereas in the control group the PICCs were flushed with a 10 ml syringe of saline. Baseline clinical information, blockage rate of PICCs, occurrence of VT and CABSIs and average time for flushing (seconds per flushing time) were compared and analysed. The occurrence of CABSIs and average time for flushing were statistically lower in the experimental group. The rate of blockage of PICCs, proportion of male subjects, age of subjects, APACHE II score and length of stay in hospital showed no significant differences between the two groups. This study showed that the VAMP-system flushing method is simple to use and may be more beneficial for patients with a PICC; it may also lower the risk of CABSIs.

Survey on diabetic patients treated with insulin during the fasting month of Ramadan.

AimTo estimate the proportion of diabetic patients on insulin, who interrupt fasting during Ramadan, and describe the reported reasons of this interruption.DesignThis is a national observational survey of diabetic patients treated with insulin and fasting during the month of Ramadan 2013, proposed to all endocrinologists willing to participate. Consecutive patients were included until the required sample size, estimated at 498 patients, was obtained. Conducted among patients recruited by endocrinologists during the month following Ramadan 2013.ResultsFive hundred twenty-six (526) patients were included, of which 51 (9.7%) had type 1 diabetes. The mean age was 36.8 ± 11.6 and 58.3 ± 10.0 years for type 1 and type 2 diabetes, respectively. The proportions of male subjects were 62.8% and 57.5% for type 1 and type 2 diabetes, respectively. The mean duration of diabetes was 11.0 ± 8.8 and 14.4 ± 7.9 years for type 1 and type 2 diabetes, respectively. During Ramadan, more than 55% (54.9% and 55.8% for type 1 and type 2 diabetes, respectively) of patients were treated with insulin analog and over a third with mixed insulin. In this study population, 71.5% reported having fasted without interruption during the month of Ramadan. The average number of non-fasted days was 3.0 ± 6.7, mainly due to hypoglycemic episodes.ConclusionAccording to this observational survey conducted in Tunisia, most patients with diabetes treated with insulin (insulin in more than half of the cases) were able to fast without interruption during Ramadan.

Detection of HLA-B*13:01 gene by dual allele-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction in patients with trichlorethylene-induced dermatitis

Objective: To investigate the detection of a human leukocyte antigen-B (HLA-B) allele HLA-B*13:01 by dual allele-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in patients with trichlorethylene-induced dermatitis. Methods: A total of 20 patients with trichlorethylene-induced dermatitis who were admitted and treated from January 2014 to October 2016 were enrolled as case group, and 20 persons who underwent physical examination from January to October, 2016 were enrolled as control group. Peripheral cubital venous blood samples were collected from all subjects, and dual allele-specific real-time PCR was used to detect the HLA-B*13:01 gene. The two groups were compared in terms of the proportion of subjects carrying HLA-B*13:01 gene. Results: There were no significant differences between the case group and the control group in median age (25.0 years vs 27.0 years, Z=0.30, P>0.05) and the proportion of male subjects (60.0% vs 70.0%, χ(2)=0.44, P>0.05) . The mean time of exposure to trichloroethylene was 30.8 days in the case group, while the subjects in the control group were not exposed to trichloroethylene. The case group had a significantly higher frequency of HLA-B*13:01 gene than the control group (80.0% vs 20.0%, χ(2)=14.40, P<0.01) with an odds ratio of 16.00. Conclusion: Dual allele-specific real-time PCR can be used for detection of the HLA-B*13:01 gene in patients with trichlorethylene-induced dermatitis.

Trends in Age at Diagnosis in Individuals with Aortic Stenosis

To the Editor: Aortic stenosis (AS) is the most common valvular disease in elderly adults,1 and its prevalence is expected to grow with the aging of the population.2-5 In the last decade, new therapies have become available for the treatment of symptomatic severe AS in elderly adults in whom the condition is deemed to be inoperable or who are at high risk for surgery,6 which poses significant implications for healthcare systems.7 Data regarding long-term trends in age at diagnosis of AS are scarce, so this study was designed to evaluate these temporal trends, with particular emphasis on individuals with severe AS. Between January 1, 1991, and December 31, 2015, 107,880 individuals aged 18 and older who underwent a first transthoracic echocardiogram within the public health care system of the Area Sanitaria de A Coruña in Spain (2,754 km2, 2013 census: 553,490 residents) and in whom comprehensive data regarding demographic characteristics and AS severity assessment were available were identified. The 25-year period was divided into five quinquennia (1991–1995, 1996–2000, 2001–2005, 2006–2010, 2011–2015), and trends across these epochs were assessed. For the purposes of this study, AS was defined on the basis of a maximal jet velocity of 2 m/s or greater through a native aortic valve and was further classified as mild (maximal jet velocity 2.0–2.9 m/s or mean gradient <20 mmHg), moderate (maximal jet velocity 3.0–3.9 m/s or mean gradient 20–39 mmHg), or severe (maximal jet velocity ≥4 m/s or mean gradient ≥40 mmHg) according to current guidelines.8 Trends over time were tested using the Cuzick nonparametric test for continuous variables and the Cochran–Armitage test for binary categorical variables. The local research ethics committee approved the study. Overall, 18,731 (17.4%) individuals met criteria for AS, including 12,590 (67.2%) with mild, 3,330 (17.8%) with moderate, and 2,811 (15%) with severe AS. Mean age upon referral of individuals with any degree of AS increased gradually and significantly over time (64.9 ± 13.3 in 1991–1995, 69.8 ± 12.0 in 1996–2000, 71.2 ± 11.8 in 2001–2005, 72.6 ± 11.6 in 2006–2010, 74.5 ± 11.8 in 2011–2015; P for trend <.001). These results were consistent in the subset of individuals with severe AS, in whom mean age ranged from 67.3 ± 12.9 in the first quinquennium to 76.8 ± 10.7 in the last (P for trend <.001). The proportion of individuals aged 80 and older also increased gradually from 8.5% to 36.2% in those with any degree of AS and from 12.8% to 45.9% in those with severe AS (P for trend <.001 for both comparisons) (Figure 1). No significant trends in sex were observed; the proportion of male subjects with any degree of AS ranged from 49.9% in 1991–1995 to 50.1% in 2011–2015 (P for trend = .09). In this study, mean age at the time of diagnosis of AS increased gradually by almost 10 years over a period of 25 years, and this finding was consistent in the subset of individuals with severe AS. In particular, the proportion of individuals aged 80 years and older with any degree of AS at the time of diagnosis quadrupled, and the proportion of those aged 80 and older with severe AS tripled. These findings occurred despite greater availability of echocardiography, which would be expected to lead to earlier detection of the disease. The results of this study agree with those recently reported in a study9 that found that, not only age, but also predicted surgical risk of individuals with severe AS referred for echocardiography increased over time. It is likely that progressive aging of the population explains these trends in the burden of AS in elderly adults because degenerative etiology (which correlates with increasing age) remains the most frequent cause of AS.10 Other possible explanations include a progressive decline in the incidence of rheumatic heart disease in industrialized countries in recent decades, and a lower threshold for referring elderly adults with suspected valvular heart disease for echocardiography. In individuals with severe symptomatic AS, older age is associated with greater operative risks and more comorbidities. Given the significant changes in the management of elderly adults with severe AS over the past few years, including the advent of transcatheter aortic valve implantation,6 these results may have substantial implications for healthcare planning. Author Contributions: Bouzas-Mosquera: study concept and design, acquisition of subjects and data, analysis and interpretation of data, preparation of manuscript. Broullón, Álvarez-García, Vázquez-Rodríguez: acquisition of subjects and data, review of manuscript. Sponsor's Role: The study had no external funding.

Relationship of anthropometric measures with Knee Osteoarthritis in diabetes mellitus.

Objective:To determine the frequency of knee osteoarthritis in adult patients with Diabetes mellitus and its association with body mass index (BMI) in kg/m2 and waist circumference (WC).Methods:This is a cross-sectional comparative study at a tertiary hospital based in an industrial area of Karachi. Patient population comprised of all adult diabetic subjects. Clinical and demographic data was obtained with detailed musculoskeletal examination on all patients. BMI and WC were measured as kg/m2 and cm respectively. Data was analyzed on SPSS version 15.Results:A total of 413 subjects were recruited. Among them diabetic and non-diabetic subjects were 210 and 203 respectively. Mean age of diabetics was 50.7+-10.2 years as compared to non-diabetic subjects i.e. 49.5+-10.5 years. Proportion of male subjects was 72(34.3%) and 71(35.0) respectively in both groups. Mean duration of diabetes was 6.2 years. Frequency of knee osteoarthritis (OA) was found to be 52(24.8%) and 54(26.6%) in diabetic and non-diabetic respectively. Among the diabetic group 6 (18%) subjects with OA had normal BMI (18.5-22.9) whereas 4 (16%) were overweight (BMI 23-24.9) and 41(27.5%) were obese(BMI ≥25). Near 98% (n=51) of the diabetic patients with OA had high waist circumference. Females (n= 42, 31.1%) were more frequent than males (n=9, 16%) in the diabetic subjects with OA and a higher WC.Conclusion:Both diabetic and non diabetic group did not show any difference in the frequency of knee OA. However, frequency of knee OA showed a significant difference between overweight and obese category of BMI.WC appears as a strong predictor of knee osteoarthritis.

Mediating effects of nocturnal blood pressure and morning surge on the contributions of arterial stiffness and sodium intake to morning blood pressure: A path analysis

Background. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mediating effects of nocturnal blood pressure (BP) and morning surge on the contribution of arterial stiffness and sodium intake to morning BP in a middle-aged general population. Methods. The study included 124 subjects aged 30–59 years, from rural Yeoju County, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. Ambulatory BP monitoring, 24 h urinary sodium excretion (24 h UNa) and brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) measurements were performed in all subjects. Results. The mean ± SD age was 48.1 ± 8.2 years and the proportion of male subjects was 41.1%. After adjusting for covariates, morning systolic blood pressure (SBP) was significantly correlated with morning surge [coefficient = 0.761, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.651–0.872, p < 0.001], nocturnal SBP (coefficient = 0.576, 95% CI 0.454–0.698, p < 0.001) and baPWV (coefficient = 3.550, 95% CI 1.447–5.653, p = 0.001). Path analysis modeling revealed that baPWV had significant direct (0.035, p = 0.013) and indirect effects (0.042, p = 0.012) on morning SBP. The indirect effect mediated by nocturnal SBP was statistically significant (0.054, p = 0.005), but the indirect effect mediated by the morning surge was not significant. The 24 h UNa had no significant direct or indirect effects on morning SBP. Conclusion. baPWV had significant direct and indirect effects on morning SBP. The indirect effect was mediated by nocturnal SBP, but not by morning surge. The 24 h UNa had neither significant direct nor indirect effects on morning SBP.

Mo1991 Risk Factors for the Development of Sessile Serrated Polyps

Background Dimeric isoenzyme of pyruvate kinase, M2-PK, expressed by tumor cells, was shown to be elevated in patients with gastrointestinal cancer, may serve as a valuable screening tool for colorectal cancer (CRC). Aim We conducted a case-control study to evaluate the efficacy of an office-based M2-PK stool test in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer in Chinese. Method 100 histologically confirmed CRC case subjects and 200 control individuals with normal colonoscopic results without any colorectal diseases were enrolled. Stool samples were collected prior to surgery for case group. For control group, stool samples were collected before or a month after colonoscopy. Samples were stored at -20°C before testing. M2-PK stool test (Alere Inc, San Diego, USA) were performed in a blinded manner and were correlated with the diagnosis or colonoscopy findings. Results The mean age (SD) of cases and controls were 67 (10.3) years and 58 (5.1) years, respectively. The proportion of male subjects in cases was 59% and in controls was 47.5%. The sensitivity of M2-PK in detecting CRC was 67% (56.8 75.9%), specificity was 98% (94.6 99.4%), positive predictive value was 94.4% (85.5 98.2%) and negative predictive value was 85.6% (80.2 89.7%). The sensitivity was 47.8% (27.4-68.9%) for proximal CRC and 72.3% (61.282.0%) for distal CRC. The sensitivity according to different CRC staging was shown in Table 1. There were four control subjects with false positive M2-PK result and they were arranged for repeat colonoscopy and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. All endoscopic results were normal except one individual was found to have duodenal ulcer and gastritis. Conclusion M2-PK stool test has potential as a screening diagnostic biomarker for CRC and has high overall specificity and acceptable sensitivity. M2-PK Test Performance

DXA bone mineral density in males: retrospective study in real life.

The diagnosis of osteoporosis in men remains controversial. Aims of this study were to evaluate the major anthropometric determinants of BMD in a large cohort of male Italian subjects and asses the prevalence of subjects with T-score ≤-2.5 by making use of young male or female BMD reference data. 1,442 Caucasian men aged over 49years performing a contemporary spine and hip DXA from January 2012 to June 2013 in an out-patient clinics of northern Italy were analyzed. Single and multiple regression analysis was used for correlating BMD to weight and age. The WHO cut-off value (T-score ≤-2.5) was used for the definition of osteoporosis. To compare the prevalence of osteoporosis by adopting male or female BMD reference values the Fisher's exact test was applied. Age was significantly correlated with spine and neck BMD. The age-BMD correlation was negative for femoral neck while it was positive for the spine. When BMD values were adjusted for body weight the correlation with femoral neck BMD decreased while the positive regression coefficient between spine BMD and age increased. Spine and femoral BMD (both total hip and neck) were positively correlated with body weight. Using BMD male reference values, only 31.2% of subjects were identified as osteoporotic at least at one site and this proportion was further reduced using female reference data. Spine was able to identify the greatest number of patients with T-score ≤-2.5 (88.7%) while at femoral sites the proportion was considerably lower (33.6 and 13.8% for femoral neck and total hip respectively). In our population, the proportion of male subjects with spine T-score ≤-2.5 is about 25% of those who were referred for DXA evaluation and this proportion decreases if the female reference data for T-score calculation are chosen. Both spine and femoral neck BMD are strongly and positively related with weight but spine BMD increases with advancing age possibly as a consequence of mechanical and hormonal factors. The capability of spine DXA in identifying men with T-score ≤-2.5 is at its maximum around the fifth decade of life and it decreases later.

Effects of sleep disordered breathing on quality of life

Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is a considerably common sleep disorder that can be very disruptive to your sleep which in turn can affect your overall wellbeing and quality of life. EuroQol (EQ-5D) is a standardized instrument for use as a measure for health outcome. The purpose of this paper is to compare quality of life in SDB and that in healthy controls with Korean version of listed measurements. Data was collected from a total of 600 representative healthy controls and 288 SDB patients. After ruling out for snoring and controlling for age and gender, remaining 229 controls were enrolled in this study. All SDB patients completed overnight polysomnography (PSG) and divided into four subgroups (simple snoring, mild, moderate, severe) according to apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). Three patients showing normal PSG findings were excluded. We evaluated quality of life using Korean version of the EQ-5D index, EQ-visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS) and Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS). The mean age of patients and healthy controls were 46 and 42.3, respectively. The proportions of male subjects were 86.8% and 85.8%. EQ-VASs were 73.2 ¡3/4 15.7 and 81.5 ¡3/4 12.3 in patients group and healthy controls, respectively ( p < 0.005). EQ-5D index were 0.939 ¡3/4 0.094 and 0.963 ¡3/4 0.059 in patients group and healthy controls ( p < 0.001). The EQ-VASs and EQ-5D index were lower in patients group than in healthy controls. ESS scores were 11.3 ¡3/4 5.0 for patients group and 4.3 ¡3/4 3.0 for healthy controls ( p < 0.005). ESS scores were higher in patients group than in healthy controls. Patients group was classified as 42 (14.7%) simple snoring, 52 (18.3%) mild-, 77 (27%) moderate -, 114 (40%) severe sleep apnea patients. The mean ESS score of simple snoring and severe sleep apnea patients were 10.0 ¡3/4 4.0 and 12.06 ¡3/4 5.12. Statistically significant differences were found between two subgroups ( p < 0.05). Correlation analysis revealed a significantly negative linear correlation between ESS scores and EQ-VAS ( p = 0.003 r = −0.174). We founded that general quality of life in sleep apnea were poorer than that in healthy controls using Korean version of EQ-5D, ESS scores and EQ-VAS. The authors would like to thank Sun Ok Kim from Asan Medical Center Department of Preventive Medicine for help with statistical analysis.

Mitigating aggressiveness through education? The monoamine oxidase A genotype and mental health in general population.

Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene promoter region includes a variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) associated with antisocial behaviour in adverse environment. We have examined the effect of the MAOA-uVNTR on mental health and academic success by using a population representative sample and a longitudinal design. The data of the older cohort (n = 593, aged 15 years at the original sampling) of the longitudinal Estonian Children Personality, Behaviour and Health Study (ECPBHS) were used. Follow-ups were conducted at ages 18 and 25 years. Aggressiveness, inattention and hyperactivity were reported by class teachers or, at older age, self-reported. Stressful life events, psychological environment in the family and interactions between family members were self-reported. Data of general mental abilities and education were obtained at the age of 25, and lifetime psychiatric disorder assessment was carried out with the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) interview. MAOA-uVNTR genotype had no independent effect on aggressiveness, hyperactive and inattentive symptoms, and neither was there a genotype interaction with adverse life events. Interestingly, the proportion of male subjects with higher education by the age of 25 was significantly larger among those with MAOA low-activity alleles (χ² = 7.13; p = 0.008). Logistic regression revealed that MAOA low-activity alleles, higher mental abilities, occurrence of anxiety disorders and absence of substance-use disorder were significant independent predictors for higher education in male subjects. In a population representative sample of young subjects, the MAOA-uVNTR 'risk genotype' predicted better life outcomes as expressed in higher level of education.

EMR-linked GWAS study: investigation of variation landscape of loci for body mass index in children

Common variations at the loci harboring the fat mass and obesity gene (FTO), MC4R, and TMEM18 are consistently reported as being associated with obesity and body mass index (BMI) especially in adult population. In order to confirm this effect in pediatric population five European ancestry cohorts from pediatric eMERGE-II network (CCHMC-BCH) were evaluated.Method: Data on 5049 samples of European ancestry were obtained from the Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) of two large academic centers in five different genotyped cohorts. For all available samples, gender, age, height, and weight were collected and BMI was calculated. To account for age and sex differences in BMI, BMI z-scores were generated using 2000 Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) growth charts. A Genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed with BMI z-score. After removing missing data and outliers based on principal components (PC) analyses, 2860 samples were used for the GWAS study. The association between each single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and BMI was tested using linear regression adjusting for age, gender, and PC by cohort. The effects of SNPs were modeled assuming additive, recessive, and dominant effects of the minor allele. Meta-analysis was conducted using a weighted z-score approach.Results: The mean age of subjects was 9.8 years (range 2–19). The proportion of male subjects was 56%. In these cohorts, 14% of samples had a BMI ≥95 and 28 ≥ 85%. Meta analyses produced a signal at 16q12 genomic region with the best result of p = 1.43 × 10-7 [p(rec) = 7.34 × 10-8) for the SNP rs8050136 at the first intron of FTO gene (z = 5.26) and with no heterogeneity between cohorts (p = 0.77). Under a recessive model, another published SNP at this locus, rs1421085, generates the best result [z = 5.782, p(rec) = 8.21 × 10-9]. Imputation in this region using dense 1000-Genome and Hapmap CEU samples revealed 71 SNPs with p < 10-6, all at the first intron of FTO locus. When hetero-geneity was permitted between cohorts, signals were also obtained in other previously identified loci, including MC4R (rs12964056, p = 6.87 × 10-7, z = -4.98), cholecystokinin CCK (rs8192472, p = 1.33 × 10-6, z = -4.85), Interleukin 15 (rs2099884, p = 1.27 × 10-5, z = 4.34), low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1B [LRP1B (rs7583748, p = 0.00013, z = -3.81)] and near transmembrane protein 18 (TMEM18) (rs7561317, p = 0.001, z = -3.17). We also detected a novel locus at chromosome 3 at COL6A5 [best SNP = rs1542829, minor allele frequency (MAF) of 5% p = 4.35 × 10-9, z = 5.89].Conclusion: An EMR linked cohort study demonstrates that the BMI-Z measurements can be successfully extracted and linked to genomic data with meaningful confirmatory results. We verified the high prevalence of childhood rate of overweight and obesity in our cohort (28%). In addition, our data indicate that genetic variants in the first intron of FTO, a known adult genetic risk factor for BMI, are also robustly associated with BMI in pediatric population.

Invited lecture, 16.06.00, 18:10–19:00

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has been widely used for post-stroke depression (PSD), but the findings have been inconsistent. This is a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of CBT for PSD.Both English (PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase) and Chinese (WanFang Database, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and SinoMed) databases were systematically searched. Weighted and standardized mean differences (WMDs/SMDs), and the risk ratio (RR) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the random effects model.Altogether 23 studies with 1,972 participants with PSD were included and analyzed. Of the 23 RCTs, 39.1% (9/23) were rated as high quality studies, while 60.9% (14/23) were rated as low quality. CBT showed positive effects on PSD compared to control groups (23 arms, SMD = −0.83, 95% CI: −1.05 to −0.60, P < 0.001). Both CBT alone (7 arms, SMD = −0.76, 95% CI: −1.22 to −0.29, P = 0.001) and CBT with antidepressants (14 arms, SMD = −0.95, 95% CI: −1.20 to −0.71, P < 0.00001) significantly improved depressive symptoms in PSD. CBT had significantly higher remission (6 arms, RR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.37–2.25, P < 0.00001) and response rates (6 arms, RR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.22–1.63, P < 0.00001), with improvement in anxiety, neurological functional deficits and activities of daily living. CBT effects were associated with sample size, mean age, proportion of male subjects, baseline depression score, mean CBT duration, mean number of CBT sessions, treatment duration in each session and study quality.Although this meta-analysis found positive effects of CBT on depressive symptoms in PSD, the evidence for CBT is still inconclusive due to the limitations of the included studies. Future high-quality RCTs are needed to confirm the benefits of CBT in PSD.

Symposium 11. Alexthymia, 20.06.00, 14:00–15:45

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has been widely used for post-stroke depression (PSD), but the findings have been inconsistent. This is a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of CBT for PSD.Both English (PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase) and Chinese (WanFang Database, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and SinoMed) databases were systematically searched. Weighted and standardized mean differences (WMDs/SMDs), and the risk ratio (RR) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the random effects model.Altogether 23 studies with 1,972 participants with PSD were included and analyzed. Of the 23 RCTs, 39.1% (9/23) were rated as high quality studies, while 60.9% (14/23) were rated as low quality. CBT showed positive effects on PSD compared to control groups (23 arms, SMD = −0.83, 95% CI: −1.05 to −0.60, P < 0.001). Both CBT alone (7 arms, SMD = −0.76, 95% CI: −1.22 to −0.29, P = 0.001) and CBT with antidepressants (14 arms, SMD = −0.95, 95% CI: −1.20 to −0.71, P < 0.00001) significantly improved depressive symptoms in PSD. CBT had significantly higher remission (6 arms, RR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.37–2.25, P < 0.00001) and response rates (6 arms, RR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.22–1.63, P < 0.00001), with improvement in anxiety, neurological functional deficits and activities of daily living. CBT effects were associated with sample size, mean age, proportion of male subjects, baseline depression score, mean CBT duration, mean number of CBT sessions, treatment duration in each session and study quality.Although this meta-analysis found positive effects of CBT on depressive symptoms in PSD, the evidence for CBT is still inconclusive due to the limitations of the included studies. Future high-quality RCTs are needed to confirm the benefits of CBT in PSD.

Update lectures, 21.06.00, 09:30–10:45

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has been widely used for post-stroke depression (PSD), but the findings have been inconsistent. This is a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of CBT for PSD.Both English (PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase) and Chinese (WanFang Database, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and SinoMed) databases were systematically searched. Weighted and standardized mean differences (WMDs/SMDs), and the risk ratio (RR) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the random effects model.Altogether 23 studies with 1,972 participants with PSD were included and analyzed. Of the 23 RCTs, 39.1% (9/23) were rated as high quality studies, while 60.9% (14/23) were rated as low quality. CBT showed positive effects on PSD compared to control groups (23 arms, SMD = −0.83, 95% CI: −1.05 to −0.60, P < 0.001). Both CBT alone (7 arms, SMD = −0.76, 95% CI: −1.22 to −0.29, P = 0.001) and CBT with antidepressants (14 arms, SMD = −0.95, 95% CI: −1.20 to −0.71, P < 0.00001) significantly improved depressive symptoms in PSD. CBT had significantly higher remission (6 arms, RR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.37–2.25, P < 0.00001) and response rates (6 arms, RR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.22–1.63, P < 0.00001), with improvement in anxiety, neurological functional deficits and activities of daily living. CBT effects were associated with sample size, mean age, proportion of male subjects, baseline depression score, mean CBT duration, mean number of CBT sessions, treatment duration in each session and study quality.Although this meta-analysis found positive effects of CBT on depressive symptoms in PSD, the evidence for CBT is still inconclusive due to the limitations of the included studies. Future high-quality RCTs are needed to confirm the benefits of CBT in PSD.

Symposium 10. Psychosomatic syndromes and psychiatric disorders: Effects of new treatment, 20.06.00, 14:00–16:00

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has been widely used for post-stroke depression (PSD), but the findings have been inconsistent. This is a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of CBT for PSD.Both English (PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase) and Chinese (WanFang Database, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and SinoMed) databases were systematically searched. Weighted and standardized mean differences (WMDs/SMDs), and the risk ratio (RR) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the random effects model.Altogether 23 studies with 1,972 participants with PSD were included and analyzed. Of the 23 RCTs, 39.1% (9/23) were rated as high quality studies, while 60.9% (14/23) were rated as low quality. CBT showed positive effects on PSD compared to control groups (23 arms, SMD = −0.83, 95% CI: −1.05 to −0.60, P < 0.001). Both CBT alone (7 arms, SMD = −0.76, 95% CI: −1.22 to −0.29, P = 0.001) and CBT with antidepressants (14 arms, SMD = −0.95, 95% CI: −1.20 to −0.71, P < 0.00001) significantly improved depressive symptoms in PSD. CBT had significantly higher remission (6 arms, RR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.37–2.25, P < 0.00001) and response rates (6 arms, RR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.22–1.63, P < 0.00001), with improvement in anxiety, neurological functional deficits and activities of daily living. CBT effects were associated with sample size, mean age, proportion of male subjects, baseline depression score, mean CBT duration, mean number of CBT sessions, treatment duration in each session and study quality.Although this meta-analysis found positive effects of CBT on depressive symptoms in PSD, the evidence for CBT is still inconclusive due to the limitations of the included studies. Future high-quality RCTs are needed to confirm the benefits of CBT in PSD.

Symposium 17. New data on psychoimmunology, 20.06.00, 16:15–17:30

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has been widely used for post-stroke depression (PSD), but the findings have been inconsistent. This is a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of CBT for PSD.Both English (PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase) and Chinese (WanFang Database, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and SinoMed) databases were systematically searched. Weighted and standardized mean differences (WMDs/SMDs), and the risk ratio (RR) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the random effects model.Altogether 23 studies with 1,972 participants with PSD were included and analyzed. Of the 23 RCTs, 39.1% (9/23) were rated as high quality studies, while 60.9% (14/23) were rated as low quality. CBT showed positive effects on PSD compared to control groups (23 arms, SMD = −0.83, 95% CI: −1.05 to −0.60, P < 0.001). Both CBT alone (7 arms, SMD = −0.76, 95% CI: −1.22 to −0.29, P = 0.001) and CBT with antidepressants (14 arms, SMD = −0.95, 95% CI: −1.20 to −0.71, P < 0.00001) significantly improved depressive symptoms in PSD. CBT had significantly higher remission (6 arms, RR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.37–2.25, P < 0.00001) and response rates (6 arms, RR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.22–1.63, P < 0.00001), with improvement in anxiety, neurological functional deficits and activities of daily living. CBT effects were associated with sample size, mean age, proportion of male subjects, baseline depression score, mean CBT duration, mean number of CBT sessions, treatment duration in each session and study quality.Although this meta-analysis found positive effects of CBT on depressive symptoms in PSD, the evidence for CBT is still inconclusive due to the limitations of the included studies. Future high-quality RCTs are needed to confirm the benefits of CBT in PSD.

Symposium 3. Consultation - liaison psychiatry in children, 19.06.00, 14:00–15:45

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has been widely used for post-stroke depression (PSD), but the findings have been inconsistent. This is a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of CBT for PSD.Both English (PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase) and Chinese (WanFang Database, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and SinoMed) databases were systematically searched. Weighted and standardized mean differences (WMDs/SMDs), and the risk ratio (RR) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the random effects model.Altogether 23 studies with 1,972 participants with PSD were included and analyzed. Of the 23 RCTs, 39.1% (9/23) were rated as high quality studies, while 60.9% (14/23) were rated as low quality. CBT showed positive effects on PSD compared to control groups (23 arms, SMD = −0.83, 95% CI: −1.05 to −0.60, P < 0.001). Both CBT alone (7 arms, SMD = −0.76, 95% CI: −1.22 to −0.29, P = 0.001) and CBT with antidepressants (14 arms, SMD = −0.95, 95% CI: −1.20 to −0.71, P < 0.00001) significantly improved depressive symptoms in PSD. CBT had significantly higher remission (6 arms, RR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.37–2.25, P < 0.00001) and response rates (6 arms, RR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.22–1.63, P < 0.00001), with improvement in anxiety, neurological functional deficits and activities of daily living. CBT effects were associated with sample size, mean age, proportion of male subjects, baseline depression score, mean CBT duration, mean number of CBT sessions, treatment duration in each session and study quality.Although this meta-analysis found positive effects of CBT on depressive symptoms in PSD, the evidence for CBT is still inconclusive due to the limitations of the included studies. Future high-quality RCTs are needed to confirm the benefits of CBT in PSD.