Proportion Of Hypothyroidism Research Articles

The Proportion Of Hypothyroidism In Diagnosed Cases Of Cholelithiasis

The Proportion Of Hypothyroidism In Diagnosed Cases Of Cholelithiasis

Exploring The Link Between Obesity And Hypothyroidism.

Obesity and hypothyroidism are two common clinical conditions that are often connected. This connection is now more important because of an exceptional rise in the prevalence of obesity around the world. Both of these conditions have a noteworthy impact on human health and well-being. The main objective of this study was to determine the frequency of hypothyroidism in obese patients presenting at Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad. This cross-sectional study was carried out on 242 patients in the Department of Medicine of Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad from 1st March to 31st August 2022. SPSS version 23.0 was used for data analysis. In this study, 242 obese patients were included. The mean age of the patients was 39.55±9.361 years. The mean BMI was 41.62±8.099kg/m2 ranging from 31 to 61kg/m2, the mean TSH level was 3.04±2.604mU/l, the mean T4 level was 8.53±2.215pmol/L and the mean T3 level was 1.2195±0.35795nmol/L. Out of a total of 242 patients, 34 (14.0%) were male and 208(86.0%) were female patients. Patients found with overt hypothyroidism were 11 (4.5%), subclinical hypothyroidism were 31 (12.8%) and euthyroid were 200 (82.6%). The proportion of hypothyroidism among the obese patients was quite less in our setup and not significantly associated with age and gender of the patients.

Analysis of the dynamics and structure of morbidity of athletes of the national teams of Moscow based on the results of medical examination

Objective: The aim of the study was to analyze the structure and dynamics of morbidity of athletes, members of sports teams of the city of Moscow based on the results of an in-depth medical examination in the period 2017–2021.Materials and methods: The data of the medical examination of athletes, which took place at the Moscow scientific and Practical Center for Medical Rehabilitation, restorative and sports medicine, including instrumental, functional and laboratory studies from 2017 to 2021, were analyzed. In 2017, 15176 athletes were examined, in 2018 and 2019, 11200, in 2020, 10080 people and in 2021–11922 athletes.Results: The results of the study showed an increase in the proportion of amenorrhea within the triad of athletes, an increase in general therapeutic morbidity, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, among which the proportion of secondary hyperbilirubinemia in 2021 increased 3 times compared to 2020, which, in our opinion, is also due to the impact of the pandemic and quarantine restrictions.The high prevalence of ophthalmological morbidity of athletes and changes in the cardiovascular system is shown. During 2017–2021, a change in the structure of cardiac morbidity was revealed in the form of an increase in the proportion of cardiac arrhythmias and hypertensive response to stress.An increase in the endocrine morbidity of athletes in 2021 was revealed due to an increase in the proportion of hypothyroidism and more frequent detection of hyperthyroidism, possibly related to the COVID-19 pandemic, which requires further research.There was also an increase in diseases of the skin and genitourinary system in athletes. Psychological problems of athletes increased during the observation period from 2017 to 2021. There was no significant dynamics of surgical and traumatological diseases, otolaryngological pathologу.Conclusion: The results of the study indicate the importance of regular full-fledged examination of athletes, identification of various functional disorders and diseases for their timely prevention and treatment in order to preserve the health of athletes and improve athletic performance.

The association between iron status and thyroid hormone levels during pregnancy

BackgroundIron deficiency may be a risk factor for thyroid disorder; however, the relationship between iron deficiency and thyroid disorder as well as mechanism involved remain unclear. MethodsA hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted to analyze the correlation between iron status and thyroid hormone levels in pregnant women. A total of 2218 pregnant women were recruited, and iron status and thyroid hormones were measured. Canonical correlation, Lasso regression, and Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were used to determine the association and related factors. ResultsThere were 219 cases with iron deficiency anemia (IDA), 168 cases with iron deficiency (ID), and 1831 subjects with normal iron status. Compared with normal group, free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4) in ID group and IDA group had a significant decreasing trend (P < 0.05), with the lowest levels in IDA group. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was significantly increased in ID group and IDA group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the proportion of hypothyroidism in both ID group and IDA group was higher than the normal group, meanwhile the proportion of hyperthyroidism was lower in both groups (P < 0.05). Serum ferritin (SF) and hemoglobin (Hb) were positively correlated with FT3 and FT4 but negatively correlated with TSH. Correlation analysis indicated that iron status was associated with thyroid hormone levels (P < 0.05). Lasso regression analysis showed that SF, Hb and other variables could be included in the prediction model of FT4. The variables selected by Lasso model were used for ROC curve analysis, and the prediction accuracy was acceptable (AUC=0.778, P < 0.05). ConclusionOur study indicated that there is an association between iron status and thyroid hormone levels in pregnant women, and the level of FT4 may change with iron status. Our findings provide new ideas for regulating the thyroid hormone levels to prevent thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy.

Mild Anemia May Affect Thyroid Function in Pregnant Chinese Women During the First Trimester.

BackgroundPregnant women are often susceptible to anemia, which can damage the thyroid gland. However, compared with moderate and severe anemia, less attention has been paid to mild anemia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of mild anemia on the thyroid function in pregnant women during the first trimester.MethodsA total of 1,761 women in the first trimester of their pregnancy were enrolled from Shenyang, China, and divided into mild anemia and normal control groups based on their hemoglobin levels. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), and free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels were compared between the two groups.ResultsThe TSH levels of pregnant women with mild anemia were higher than those of pregnant women without mild anemia (p < 0.05). Normal control women were selected to set new reference intervals for TSH, FT3, and FT4 levels during the first trimester, which were 0.11–4.13 mIU/l, 3.45–5.47 pmol/l, and 7.96–16.54 pmol/l, respectively. The upper limit of TSH 4.13 mU/l is close to the upper limit 4.0 mU/l recommended in the 2017 American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines, indicating that exclusion of mild anemia may reduce the difference in reference values from different regions. Mild anemia was related to 4.40 times odds of abnormally TSH levels (95% CI: 2.84, 6.76) and 5.87 increased odds of abnormal FT3 (95% CI: 3.89, 8.85). The proportion of hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism in patients with mild anemia was higher than that in those without anemia (0.6% vs. 0, p = 0.009; 12.1% vs. 1.9%, p < 0.001). Mild anemia was related to 7.61 times increased odds of subclinical hypothyroidism (95% CI: 4.53, 12.90).ConclusionsMild anemia may affect thyroid function during the first trimester, which highlights the importance of excluding mild anemia confounding when establishing a locally derived specific reference interval for early pregnancy.

Thyroid dysfunction in Congolese subjects with Down syndrome

Objective: The present study aims to assess the proportion and the pattern of thyroid dysfunction in a population of Congolese subjects with Down Syndrome. Methods: A total of 34 subjects with Down syndrome were recruited from Lubumbashi (Democratic Republic of Congo). Thyroid morphology was assessed by sonography. Serum T3, T4, FT4, TSH, Thyroglobulin, Thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and antithyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) were measured. Results: The mean age of the patients was 13 years (range: 3 and 47 years). Of 34 Down syndrome subjects, 6 cases (17.6%) were found to have subclinical hypothyroidism. No patient had hyperthyroidism. Among 29 subjects with a thyroid ultrasound imaging, 25 patients (86.2%) were found to have morphological abnormalities of the gland. Regarding thyroid autoantibodies, TPOAb was positive in 1 case (2.9%) and TgAb was positive in 1 case (2.9%). The results were compared between patients with hypothyroidism and with normal thyroid function. There was no statistical difference in terms of age, sex, nutritional status, antibody levels and thyroid volume between these two groups. Conclusions: In our series, the proportion of hypothyroidism is relatively important but it remains largely under the prevalence reported in international studies.

High androgen levels protect against hypothyroidism.

IntroductionHypothyroidism is a common disorder, appearing mainly in women although less frequently found in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The objective was to test the hypothesis that hyperandrogenism might protect against hypothyroidism.Material and methodsThe data from three prospective follow‐up studies (up to 21 years) and one register study were compared: women with PCOS (Rotterdam criteria), n = 25, women with Turner syndrome, n = 217, a random population sample of women, n = 315, and men, n = 95 (the WHO MONICA study). Findings were to be verified or rejected in all females, n = 553 716, from the same region. The proportion of hypothyroidism was calculated and thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO) in serum were measured.ResultsHypothyroidism at >50 years of age was found in 8% of women with PCOS, 4% in men (PCOS vs. men; ns), 43% of women with Turner syndrome, irrespective of karyotype (p < 0.001 vs. PCOS), and in 17% of postmenopausal women in the population (p < 0.01 vs. PCOS). Elevated TPO were similar in PCOS and women and men in the population but higher in Turner syndrome. Hypothyroidism increased with age in all groups except PCOS women and men. In the register study, hypothyroidism was less common in women with PCOS >25 years (5.5%) than in women without PCOS (6.8%) from the same region (p < 0.01).ConclusionsHypothyroidism was less frequently seen in women with PCOS and in men compared with women in the general population and among women with Turner syndrome. This was not explained by altered autoimmunity or the Y‐chromosome. Androgens seem to protect against hypothyroidism.

The first report of the thyroid function of haemophilic patients with HIV/HCV co-infection in Japan.

A high incidence of thyroid dysfunction is reported in patients with HIV or HCV mono-infection. We have conducted a periodic medical examination including the thyroid function for haemophilic patients with HIV/HCV co-infection due to contaminated blood products. We examined the thyroid function (as assessed by the FT3, FT4 and TSH levels) in 45 haemophilic patients, including thyroglobulin and auto-antibody, antithyroglobulin antibody, antithyroid peroxidase antibody and anti-TSH receptor antibody in 28 patients. All the patients were males (median age: 42 years; range: 29-66). The median values of thyroid function were FT3 3.36 pg mL(-1) , FT4 1.125 ng mL(-1) and TSH 1.65 μIU mL(-1) . Five patients (11.1%) had high TSH levels. In 28 patients in whom the presence of auto-antibodies was examined, the median age was 47 years of age. The median value of thyroglobulin was 16 ng mL(-1) and two patients showed high levels of thyroglobulin. The presence of anti-TSH receptor antibody of all the patients was negative, but one patient (3.5%) was positive of antithyroid peroxidase antibody and antithyroglobulin antibody. Since 0.68-3.6% of the general healthy population is reported to show hypothyroidism, our data showed that the proportion of hypothyroidism in haemophilic patients with HIV/HCV co-infection was more frequent than that of the normal population.

Hypothyroidism among SLE patients: Case-control study.

The prevalence of hypothyroidism in SLE patients varies considerably and early reports were mainly based on small cohorts. To investigate the association between SLE and hypothyroidism. Patients with SLE were compared with age and sex-matched controls regarding the proportion of hypothyroidism in a case-control study. Chi-square and t-tests were used for univariate analysis and a logistic regression model was used for multivariate analysis. The study was performed utilizing the medical database of Clalit Health Services. The study included 5018 patients with SLE and 25,090 age and sex-matched controls. The proportion of hypothyroidism in patients with SLE was increased compared with the prevalence in controls (15.58% and 5.75%, respectively, P<0.001). In a multivariate analysis, SLE was associated with hypothyroidism (odds ratio 2.644, 95% confidence interval 2.405-2.908). Patients with SLE have a greater proportion of hypothyroidism than matched controls. Therefore, physicians treating patients with SLE should be aware of the possibility of thyroid dysfunction.

ANEMIA PADA IBU USIA 17-35 TAHUN DI DAERAH ‘REPLETE’ ENDEMIK DEFISIENSI IODIUM

ANEMIA OF CHILD BEARING AGE MOTHERS 17-35 YEARS OF AGE IN ENDEMIC IODINE ‘REPLETE’ AREA Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) as well as Iodine Deficiency Disorder (IDD) both have adverse effects on cognitive and neuropsychomotor, and adverse pregnant outcomes. Both iron and iodine have role on nuero development. Iron interact with iodine through the activity of thyroid peroxidase (TPO), an iron-dependent enzyme. IDA in iodine replete area (IRA) have not been reported. Assesments IDA (Hb), free thyroxine (fT4), Thyrotropin hormone (TSH) of reproductive mothers 17-35 years of age were conducted in IRA and non-endemic deficiency iodine area (NEDIA). Casual iodine urin concentration (UIC) of school age children was also assesed to confirm iodine endemicity of study area. Analysis of risk for anemia according to iodine status and correlation hemoglobin and thyrotropin were performed. The study area was confirmed to be non endemic iodine deficiency (UIC criteria). Median EIU were 242 (24-880) µg/L in IRA and 211 (44-387) µg/L in NEDIA respectively. Proportion of EIU less than 100 µg/L in IRA were 5.0 % and in NEDIA 1.2 %. Proporsion of EIU greater than 300 µg/L were 29.6 dan 24.7 persen respectively. The results indicated that study areas were no longer endemic iodine deficiency and the people where they live consumed iodine tend to excess. These situation may effect on thyroid function as indicated by suppressed TSH and fT4 in normal range. Those two thyroid function parameters significantly different in the IRA and NEDIA. The everages serum concentration of TSH in the study area were 1,96(1,56-2,36) in IRA compared to 1,38 (1,09-1,67) mUI/L in NEDIA(p=0,23); while fT4 were 1,29 (1,14-1,44) and 0,98 (0,90-1,05) µg/dL respectively. Hemoglobin serum concentration of mothers in those two area was not signicantly different; 12,45 (12,19-12,71) in IRA compared to 12,21 (11,96-12,46) mg/dL di NEDIA. Iron deficiency anemia was found 23,3 % in IRA and 35,7 % in NEDIA; however mothers in IRA have risk for anemia as big as mothers in NEDIA OR: 0,54(0,24-1,24). Analysis correlation (Spearman’s) between TSH and Hb provided coefisient correlation Rho as much as 0.072 indicated very weak correlation between the two parameters. There were no difference in proportion of hypothyroidism in the two study areas (OR: 0,68 (0,207-2,25). Although the proportion of iron deficiensi anemia (IDA) in IRA much less than the proportion in NEDIA; there were no relationship between IDA and Iodine deficiency. Absorption of Fe in IRA may be more efficient than did in NEDIA. More studies are needed to confirm this finding. Keywords : IDA, TSH, fT4, Hb, EIU, NEDIA, IRA

Attractive tools for systematic case accumulation

As Yoshizato et al. [1] mentioned in the recent International Journal of Hematology issue, to establish a causal relationship between a drug candidate and a suspected adverse reaction, it is insufficient only to assess individual adverse drug reaction (ADR) cases; evaluation of accumulated ADR cases is required. We point out that there are potentially effective database systems to support accumulated case review, such as the post-marketing safety database maintained by the market authorization holders (MAH) according to Japanese regulation. A subset of the data is open to the public through the Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) (http://www.info.pmda. go.jp/fukusayou/menu_fukusayou_attention.html). Table 1 shows the number of reported cases for all ADR and for hypothyroidism. Supplemental data can be downloaded from the website, with more details for the reported ADR cases including year reported, age, sex, outcome, suspected drug, and ADR. The reported proportion of hypothyroidism among all ADRs in using sunitinib appeared to be more than for other tyrosine kinase inhibitors. This tendency appears to be compatible with what Yoshizato et al. mentioned in their article. Thus, reporting tendency in MAH’s safety databases may reflect facts to some extent. In fact, the PMDA’s data has been used to analyze other ADRs in limited cases [2, 3]. Even though the MAH’s safety databases have potentials for various applications, serious problems remain, as the MAH’s safety database includes spontaneously generated safety reports. First of all, as the MAH’s safety databases collect only ADR cases, they contain no information on others who are treated with a drug of interest, but do not experience any ADR. In other words, since the safety database consists nearly entirely of ADR reports, there are no denominators for calculating incidence. Second, the ADR term may vary between reporters. The MAH’s safety database usually registers ADR term based on the reporting physician’s diagnosis. Since these diagnoses are not based on identical criteria, the ADR terms registered in the MAH’s safety database may vary among reporting physicians, even though the ADR terms are coded according to the MedDRA (the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities) terms, which is a standard term system designed to handle ADR in safety databases. Third, the MAH’s safety databases usually collect spontaneous reports. This means if physicians who experienced ADR do not report to the MAH, nothing is registered into the database. Even given these serious problems regarding spontaneous safety reports, however, seven of the 11 safety signals that led to medical product withdrawals from the US and UK markets between 1999 and 2000 were based on spontaneous reports [4], suggesting that such reports may nonetheless be useful for detecting safety signals. Moreover, since there are conditions for approval in the Japanese market for secondary tyrosine kinase inhibitors, including nilotinib and dasatinib, which require the registration of all patients to MAHs, MAHs can be expected to record the number of patients treated with such tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and to collect all adverse events (so long as the attending physicians report all adverse event occurring in the registered patients). Thus, the first and third problems should not affect the use of such databases in monitoring ADR associated with the use of secondary tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12185-011-0893-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.