Proportion Of Food Expenditure Research Articles

Early Impacts of COVID-19 on Nutrition Intake and Household Dietary Diversity in Kupang District, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

One of the social problems solving the direct impact on the community is overcoming household food security due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to analyze household food security during the COVID-19 pandemic and link it to the nutrient intake and nutritional status of children under five in the Kupang district area. This cross-sectional study is based on a survey conducted on the Timorese population in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, from May to October 2021. Data on household dietary diversity was collected through the 24-hour food recall using the household dietary diversity score (HDDS). The study sample was taken from Timorese population families with toddlers under five years, and 1,444 families voluntarily participated in this study. Subjects were taken at each public health using a simple random method. This study analyzes the Spearman correlation test with the HDDS and the proportion of food expenditure. A 63% of households had a balance of less cost (<50%) with an average of 63.9. Generally, households (90.4%) had a pretty good diet diversity score. Food groups that were relatively highly consumed by most households included cereals (100%), sugar and sweeteners (90.2%), oils and fats (93.7%), seasonings, and spices (89.4%). A significant effect with p<0.05 was on HDDS during the COVID-19 pandemic. The food consumption score is another indicator widely used in determining household food security. Therefore, it is necessary to revalidate tests in further studies of these indicators.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI KESEJAHTERAAN PEDAGANG DI PASAR CIHAURGEULIS BANDUNG SELAMA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19

This Covid-19 pandemic has had a very significant impact on the national economy, many traders in Traditional Markets have had to experience a decrease in income during this pandemic. So that the Covid-19 pandemic has become a serious obstacle to realizing the welfare of society. This study aims to analyze the level of welfare of merchants at Cihaurgeulis Market during the Covid-19 pandemic and find out what factors affect the welfare of merchants at Cihaurgeulis Market. The research method used in this research is quantitative explanatory research. The sampling technique used is Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling with the total sample of 80 merchants. The data analysis technique used in this research are descriptive statistical analysis, welfare analysis using the proportion of food expenditure, and multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that almost all respondents experienced a decrease in income during the pandemic with the average decline in income reached 52%. Then as many as 42 of 80 respondents belong to the category of not prosperous. The factors that affect the welfare of merchants at Cihaurgeulis Market during the pandemic are the level of education, income, the health of family members, and the ease of children entering education.

Developing agribusiness of vegetables and seasonal fruits for strengthening economy of smallholder farmer households post the 2018 earthquakes and pandemic Covid-19 era in upland North Lombok West Nusa Tenggara

The general objective of the research were to analyse the acceleration of economic recovery and food security of smalllholder farmer househols post the 2018 earthquake and COVID-19 pandemic era through empowering farmer groups of dry land horticulture agribusiness based. The specific objective was determining and analysing the effect of the Pentha-helix approach, sinergy among Higher Education Institution, Local Government, Agricultural Extension officer, Bank and private enterprise in empowering farmers. It’s mission were Better Farming, Better Business and Better Living. It was the longitudinal action research by implementing Participatory Action Research. The data was recoded from farmers target groups and 60 smallholder farmers in three villages nearby the pilot project village. The cross classification between food expenditure and sufficiency of energy consumption was used to measure the degree of food security of household. It’s concluded that developing agribusiness of upland horticulture has high potential for reinforcement of economic recovery of smalholder farmer’s household post the 2018 earthquakes and during pandemic COVID-19 era. Implementing Triple Helix and Pentahelix approach have a possitive impact for strenghtening and recovering economy of smalholders farmers households. They were in enough food category which depicted by 85.50% degree of energy consumption. Food scurity based on distribution of household food need was in the category of low expenditure of food (less than 60%). Food scurity of household based on cross combination between the dergree of energy consumption and the proportion of food expenditure were 61% of them were resistance to food scurity, 30.85% of household were vulnerable of food scurity, and 6.20% of households were troubled of food scurity and 61.25% of them were lack of food. They realize that North Lombok region is a tourism destination, so that they have high instrinsik motivation for growing vegetable crops and seasonal fruits. Therefore, supplying high economic value of vegetables and fruits, quality insurance and friendly environment of vegetables and fruits are needed to be sustained through implementing the penta helix approch.

Food security analysis based on the proportion of food expenditure and energy consumption of carrot farm households in Tawangmangu Karanganyar

Food security is reflected in two indicators, the level of energy intake and the proportion of household food expenditure (PFE). In 2015, the Tawangmangu sub-district in Karanganyar, Central Java, experienced a rice deficit, causing rice prices to hinder food access. It affects the food expenditures of carrot farm households in the Tawangmangu sub-district. The income of carrot farmers, which is highly unpredictable, affects nutrition fulfillment to determine food security. This study analyzes PFE, energy and protein consumption, and food security of carrot farm households in Tawangmangu, Karanganyar. The number of respondents in this study was 40 carrot farm households, and the sampling method used the accidental sampling technique. The data analysis method in this study used household income and expenditures, PFE, food consumption, and food security. The results showed that the average PFE of the household was 44%. The average energy and protein consumptions are 1,803 kcal/person/day and 58 grams/person/day with 84% energy level intake and 96% protein intake. The distribution of household food security conditions are 62.5% food secure, 5% food vulnerable, 30% food less secure, and 2.5% are food insecure.

Food security of paddy farm households based on the proportion of food expenditure and energy consumption level in Jogorogo Ngawi

Ngawi is the sixth paddy producer in Indonesia and certainly has an influence on the food security of paddy farm households. This study aimed to analyze the proportion of food expenditure (PFE), energy and protein consumption, the relationship between food expenditure and energy consumption, and the condition of food security. The basic method used descriptive analytic. The number of respondents based on the slovin formula was 87 households. The sample selection used stratified random sampling. The data analysis method used correlation with SPSS 22 and cross indicator between PFE and energy consumption level. The results showed that the average of PFE was 58.81%. The average energy consumption was 4,272.2 kcal/household/day with an energy consumption level of 81.93% while the average protein consumption was 122.1 grams/household/day lower than the average household RDA consumption. Food expenditure had a significant relationship to energy consumption with a correlation coefficient of 0.925 including a very strong and unidirectional relationship. The contribution of household food security conditions were 28.7% secure; 32.2% vulnerable; 10.3% less secure; 28.8% insecure.

THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN LOCAL WIFE FOR FAMILY FOOD SECURITY IN PANGEAN SUB-DISTRICT, KUANTAN SINGINGI DISTRICT

The Role of Women in Local Wisdom for Family Food Security in Pangean Subdistrict, Kuantan Singingi Regency, the position and obligations of being a housewife, such as: serving husbands, cooking, cleaning, caring for, educating and managing their household economy, and helping to meet their family needs. The solution to meet their household needs, the wife of the farmer decided to work because their household income could not meet their daily needs coupled with the condition of expensive food prices. Village community household expenditures can be grouped into two, namely household expenses for foodstuffs. and non-food materials. The level of household food security is measured by the proportion of food expenditure (food) to total expenditure. When using economic indicators, the criteria are if the share or percentage of total food expenditure is low (≤ 60% of total expenditure), then the household group is classified as food-resistant households, the increase in women's participation in economic activities occurs because first, there is a change in people's views and attitudes about being equally important education for women and men, and a growing awareness of the need for women to participate in development. Second, the willingness of women to be independent in the economic sector, which means trying to make ends meet and other dependents, women have a dual role, namely as housewives and are responsible for productive activities that help husbands earn a living to meet family needs, women plan and process needs. his family. The size of the budget in processing planning is done to meet family needed.

Farmers Household Food Security in Subak Sembung During the Covid-19 Pandemic

Food is a basic need for humans therefore its availability must be guaranteed. The Bali Provincial Agriculture and Food Security Service (2020) states that the proportion of food expenditure for the people of Bali Province in 2019 is 43.92% and is still classified as food resistant, but doesn’t guarantee food security at the household level. The Covid-19 pandemic has caused difficulties in fulfilling food needs because losing jobs has added to the challenge of realizing food security. This study aims at determining how the household food security of farmers seen based on the proportion of household food expenditure, level of energy consumption (TKE) and factors that affect household food security. This research was conducted in Subak Sembung with 36 farmers as sample and analyzed using descriptive methods of cross analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that most of the farmer households were in a food vulnerable condition because there were many households with a high proportion of food expenditure (>60%). Farm income, non-farm income, food expenditure and rice prices variables have a significant effect on the farmer households food security. Improving food security conditions are expected by reducing the proportion of food expenditure in each household.
 

ANALISIS KETAHANAN PANGAN RUMAH TANGGA PETANI BAWANG MERAH (Allium cepa L.) DI KECAMATAN MIJEN KABUPATEN DEMAK

Welfare is the final goal of the process of agricultural development in an area. The consumption pattern and the amount of consumption of farmer's household is an indication of the achievement of welfare in a farmer's household. This study aims to determine the consumption patterns of shallots farmers in the Pasir Village, determine the level of energy and protein adequacy of the household of the shallots farmers in the Sand Village and determine the level of food security of the shallots farmers in the Pasir Village (Johnsson and Toole model). Methods of data analysis were carried out using percentages of food expenditure, levels of energy and protein consumption, and cross indicators of food security levels. Sampling was done by purposive sampling method by dividing the two strata, strata I were 71 farmers and strata II were 33 farmers. The results of this study indicate that the percentage of food expenditure (PF) for strata I farmers is higher at 53.53% than strata II farmers at 40.15%. Shallot farmers in Pasir Village have been able to meet the energy and protein needs for household members, but have not yet reached the recommended AKE rate for WNPG XI in 2018 which is 2100 kcal / person / day. The food security status of strata I and II onion farmers in Pasir Village, Mijen District, Demak Regency is classified in the category of food security, namely the proportion of food expenditure ( 80%).
 Keywords: Consumption Pattern, Shallot, Energy, Protein.

RURAL HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY IN KUDUS CENTRAL JAVA

Evidence of previous studies indicated that food security is a common problem in most areas of the world. This study aims to determine the proportion of food consumption expenditure on total of rural household expenditure, rural household food security conditions, and factors influencing food security of rural households in Kudus District. To estimate the factors influencing food security, a series of models is created. Pooled least square regression is used to estimate the factors. This study indicate that the average proportion of food expenditure on total household expenditure is 56.4%. Food vulnerability is the highest category of food security conditions of rural household in Kudus District which reached an average level of energy consumption is 113,42% with food expenditure proportion equal to 73,15%. Based on analysis there are eight factors from ten factors used by researchers have influenced household food security in terms of energy consumption, while there are seven factors that affecting food security seen from household protein consumption. The analysis of the factors influencing food security in rural household in Kudus District shows that side jobs have two contradictory impacts reviewed from energy and protein consumption. This research also finds out that eggs real price does not have any influence toward rural household food security in Kudus District.

POLA PENGELUARAN PANGAN RUMAH TANGGA MENURUT TINGKAT KETAHANAN PANGAN DI PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH

This research analyzes the system of food expenditure based on the household food security level in Central Java. The household food security levels are classified into four levels, consisting of food-secure, food-less secure, food-vulnerable and food-insecure. The data used are the Susenas data in the form of raw data. The results show that there are significant differences in the proportion of food expenditure among the households of food-secure and food-less secure to the households of food-vulnerable and food-insecure. In each level of household food-secure, household expenditure on instant foods and drinks shows the highest proportion compared to other food groups. The more insecure foods in a household, the higher expenditure proportion for tobacco. In each household group based on the level of food-secure, the households in urban areas have a smaller proportion of rice expenditure compared to the households in rural areas. Based on these results, hopefully the handling priority for the foodsecure problem should be better given to the household groups of food-vulnerable and foodinsecure.

Relationship Between Proportion of Food Expenditure and Consumption of Energy and Protein

Relationship Between Proportion of Food Expenditure and Consumption of Energy and Protein

Regional Development and Private Consumption Structure in Latvia

Abstract The matter of the territories’ facilitation development in Latvia's regional economics is significant under the EU conditions. In order to compare the regional economic development level it is suggested to use the relation between consumer income growth and changes in expenditures on food and non-alcoholic beverages. The average income level of inhabitants in Riga region is higher than in other Latvian regions, which consequently demonstrates lower proportion of food expenditure in private consumption structure. The results of the analysis of covariance demonstrate that, first, Latvian regional level of economic development is significantly different from Latvia's average development level and, second, there is still a gap among living conditions in Latvia's regions.

PP40 Food price shock and child nutrition: a multi-level, quasi-natural experimental analysis in Andhra Pradesh, India

Background The recent rises in global food prices have passed on to India and all the Indian states experienced huge price rise for all the major food items including rice and wheat. Recent studies showed that India’s impressive economic growth had not transformed to better maternal and child nutrition outcomes, and it is unknown whether the rising food price cause child malnutrition. We investigated the effect on food price shock on child nutrition in Andhra Pradesh, one of the largest Indian states where more than 85 million people live. Methods We used a natural experiment study design with multilevel regression model. We used wasting as main outcome measure as this would better measure the effects of short-term fluctuation (price) of food intake on child nutrition outcome and price as the predictor after controlling for potential confounders such as socio-economic-demographic variables and episodes of natural disaster and social security programs. We utilised the food consumption and anthropometric measures from DFID-Young Lives data, a longitudinal cohort study set up in Andhra Pradesh in 2002 with a sample size of 2000 children of 6–18 months who had been followed in 2006 and 2009. This data was merged with the monthly price data from various market hubs collected by National Sample Survey Organisation since 2000, and we used the district level price of 12 highly consumed food items among Indian households. Results The food price increased steadily from 2000 but had more than doubled after 2006. The per capita food intake had declined and the proportion of food expenditure to total expenditure increased after 2006. The percentage of children wasted was 19% in 2002 and 18.4% in 2006 but increased to 28% in 2009. An increase in the price each of the major food items increased the odds of wasting among the children, for e.g. one unit increase in price of rice resulted in 5% increase in the odds of wasting (adjusted odds ratio: 1.05; p Conclusion The rising food prices adversely affected the childhood nutrition in India. The development programs to improve the maternal and child health will become ineffective if the policy measures to control the rising food price and to increase food security for people are not implemented.

UNDERNUTRITION PREVALENCE AMONG CHILDREN UNDER TWO YEARS OLD IN INDONESIA DURING ECONOMIC CRISIS AND ITS RELATED FACTORS

<p>The objective of this study was to assess undernutrition prevalence among children under-two years in Indonesia and its related factors. This ecological study was conducted to 437 districts using data extracted from nationally representative surveys, which were National Socioeconomic Survey (Susenas) and National Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) year 2007. Overall, prevalence of High Stunting (HS), High Wasting (HW), and High Underweight (HU) was 46.9%, 59.5%, and 17.2%, respectively. Median prevalence of inadequate intake of energy, protein, iron, and zinc were 33.3%, 11.1%, 81.8%, and 55.6%, respectively. Median prevalence of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) was 15.9%, while the median prevalence of diarrhea was 13.0%. Median proportion of low education of the mother was 46.9%. Prevalence of HS was associated with household income, low education proportion of mother, and proportion of food expenditure. Prevalence of HW was associated with prevalence of inadequate energy intake and proportion of food expenditure. Prevalence of HU was associated with proportion of low education of mother and proportion of food expenditure.</p>

ANALISIS KETAHANAN PANGAN DAN KEMISKINAN RUMAHTANGGA TANI DI DESA TAWANGHARJO KECAMATAN GIRIWOYO KABUPATEN WONOGIRI

The purpose of this study was (1) determine the performance indicators of food security which includes food availability, food accessibility, food stability and food quality. (2) determine the level of farmer household food security. (3) knowing the farmer household expenditure. The study was conducted in Tawangharjo village, Giriwoyt, WOnogiri regency. Respondents are the farmer owners, tenants and sharecroppers who tilled the land area, a total of 30 (simple ransom smapling). Consumption of Household Food Security Rate Index (IKKPRT) to determine the level of farmer household food security. Food expenditure was measured by GSR (Good Service Ratio), poverty was measured by Sajogjo, ADB, FAO, and World Bank Criterion. The results shows that farmer household have sufficient food availability and stable, but the accessibility and level of nutritional adequacy is still relatively low. IKKPRT value is81,56 in a state of sufficient food. Because the proportion of food expenditure' is greater than the non-food; it can be said to farmer household in poor condition and less prosperous.

A Microeconometric Analysis of the U.S. Meat Demand

Price and expenditure elasticities and estimates of the effect of household demographic variables on U.S. meat demand are estimated using the newly released 1987–88 USDA household food consumption survey data. The USDA survey for the first time included variables reflecting respondents' concerns for health and diet information. A hybrid demand system, which combines a modified generalized addilog system and a level version Rotterdam demand system, is developed as the analytical framework. The micro econometric analysis takes into consideration the consumer selection problem, the missing‐price problem, and the aggregation and quality variation problem. The most significant household characteristic and socio‐economic variables are region, ethnic background, household size, urbanization, food planner, received health information, female household head employment status and proportion of food expenditure on away‐from‐home consumption. The results support the speculation of other time‐series meat demand studies claiming both health concerns and convenience are the reasons for changes in consumer preference in favor of poultry and fish and in disfavor of red meat.