Proportion Of Entrepreneurs Research Articles

Development to Motivate the Interest and Ability of Entrepreneurship of Medika Suherman University Students

Indonesia is a large country, but the proportion of entrepreneurs in the population is very small. Empirical facts show that the number of university graduates has increased significantly over time, while the absorption capacity of the labor market is very low. So it is deemed necessary to develop student entrepreneurship. The purpose of this activity is to provide information about entrepreneurship and increase interest in entrepreneurship for students. The PkM team helps activity participants to be motivated and have an interest in the business world through the provision of material delivered by the speakers. The PkM team also helps provide assistance and training to activity participants. Based on the PkM activities that have been carried out, it is concluded that "PkM activities add insight and knowledge related to entrepreneurship in Suherman Medika University students so that they get better and better". Of course it is important to provide entrepreneurship education so that competent young entrepreneurs develop and understand the ability and stability to progress in inculcating attitudes, behaviors, awareness and skills. This can foster an entrepreneurial spirit, attitude, behavior and skills in students and society who are competent, reliable and superior. Besides that, it will foster strong and strong entrepreneurial awareness and orientation to students and the community. Of course it is important to provide entrepreneurship education so that competent young entrepreneurs develop and understand the ability and stability to progress in inculcating attitudes, behaviors, awareness and skills. This can foster an entrepreneurial spirit, attitude, behavior and skills in students and society who are competent, reliable and superior. Besides that, it will foster strong and strong entrepreneurial awareness and orientation to students and the community. Of course it is important to provide entrepreneurship education so that competent young entrepreneurs develop and understand the ability and stability to progress in inculcating attitudes, behaviors, awareness and skills. This can foster an entrepreneurial spirit, attitude, behavior and skills in students and society who are competent, reliable and superior. Besides that, it will foster strong and strong entrepreneurial awareness and orientation to students and the community.

Business incubation program to create technopreneurs in the KOPMA UPI Cibiru

According to the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), the proportion of entrepreneurs in Indonesia was 3.1& of the total population in 2018. Although this ratio has improved over the previous year, it continues to lag behind neighboring countries. To increase the ratio of entrepreneurship, interest must be promoted at a young age, and one way to do so is to introduce entrepreneurship through the use of technology, or technopreneurs, in an university environment, which plays an important role in the creation of creative and innovative talents. The objective of this program is to introduce students to technopreneurs via a business incubation program. Coaching and mentoring are the methods used in this business incubation program. The instruments used to evaluate the business incubation program are (1) understanding of the material, (2) motivation to apply the material to the business model, and (3) implementation of the business incubation program. The evaluation revealed that 98.04% of participants thought the business incubation program activities were beneficial and they were interested in applying the material to their current or future businesses.

The role of information availability: A longitudinal analysis of technology entrepreneurship

The rapid spread of digital technologies has fostered an assumption that all entrepreneurs have equal and easy access to knowledge stocks irrespective of their context. We challenge this assumption by examining the contextual influence of information availability and argue that technology entrepreneurship involves a search process reliant on timely access to ideational components. We hypothesize that in contexts where information is more readily available, potential technology entrepreneurs are at an advantage, resulting in higher rates of technology entrepreneurship. Even after controlling for other important factors, such as polity, educational attainment, research and development spending, foreign direct investment, and gross domestic product growth, our results show a positive relationship between information availability and the proportion of entrepreneurs who pursue technology-based ventures instead of low-tech ventures. We further find that the effect of information availability on technology entrepreneurship increases in the presence of stronger intellectual property rights, suggesting that information availability enhances technology entrepreneurship more readily in contexts with incentives for innovation disclosure.

Controlling Methods for SMEs’ Risk Reduction

A substantial proportion of entrepreneurs strive to reduce the risk of their activity, which means they refer to a number of methods known, but rarely applied by them. Risk reduction activities can be totally interconnected with the ‘controlling’ approach and methods that are still not well known to a lot of company executives, but the introduction and application of those methods provide tangible results for business decision-makers within a relatively short period of time. The paper presents the size, activity, financial process characteristics, planning features, suppliers and buyers' evaluation practices of the investigated SMEs using correlation analysis methods. The study is a continuation of a research topic that has been going on for many years and is based on data collection from the years 2015 and 2016. We have evaluated the planning and management features of a total of 53 micro, small and medium-sized enterprises by questionnaire processing.

Urban transformation of a post-soviet coastal city: the case of Saint Petersburg

At the turn of the XX-XXI centuries, post-socialist cities of Europe experienced an active transformation of their socio-demographic and economic structure. A striking feature of post-Soviet cities was the preservation of the disproportionate weight of industry in the economy against the background of a long absence of the real estate market. This phenomenon highlighted the need to solve the problems of socio-economic inequality within the city and restructuring its economy. This is especially true for Russian cities experiencing the shifts in the territorial structure of the population under the influence of transition to market economy, the third industrial revolution and the change of economic- geographical location. This study focuses on identifying trends in the social segmentation of the urban space of St. Petersburg as the second largest city in Russia and a socio-economic center of national importance. The social stratification of the city was studied at the grassroots administrative and territorial level based on the assessment of spatial distribution and the formation of territorial groups of the population with certain qualitative characteristics. The object of the study was 111 municipalities of St. Petersburg. The dynamics of their five most important indicators of demographic, social and economic development in 1989–2018 was analyzed: real estate tax on individuals per capita; the proportion of entrepreneurs; own incomes of municipalities per inhabitant; the proportion of people with an academic degree; cost of housing. Using the rank method, a social welfare rating was compiled. Information for the study was taken from the materials of the general urban planes of St. Petersburg in 1966, 1987 and 2005, the All-Russian population censuses of 2002 and 2010, the databases of the Federal State Statistics Service and the Federal Tax Service, and from the real estate «CIAN» company. The increasing social segregation by income was revealed. The existing differentiation of municipalities in terms of welfare is shown. The poorest are the municipalities of the southern part of the city (Kolpinsky, Nevsky, Krasnoselsky districts and Kronshtadt), while the most prosperous are the municipalities of Petrograd and Central districts, as well as certain territories of the municipal district of Moskovskaya Zastava, the villages of Komarovo, Repino and Solnechnoe.

Cultural transmission and persistence of entrepreneurship

This paper contributes to explain the persistence of differences in levels of entrepreneurship within and across countries. We provide an explanation based on the dynamic interplay between purposeful intergenerational transmission of preferences for entrepreneurship and public administration efficiency. Individuals vote on taxes, and the collected taxes fund the civil servants’ wages. The performance of the administration generating an efficient normative and regulatory environment, affects the success of entrepreneurship. We show that an economy can reach two different long-run equilibria: a traditional equilibrium, with a low proportion of entrepreneurs, high taxes and an inefficient administration and, an entrepreneurial equilibrium with a high proportion of entrepreneurs and, lower taxes but enough to implement an efficient administration. The equilibrium achieved depends on the tax policy followed by the different generations. If decisions are made by majority voting in a myopic way, then the initial conditions of the society become crucial. This result explains persistence: an economy evolves around similar levels of entrepreneurship unless some reforms are implemented.

MENGGAGAS PENDIDIKAN BERWAWASAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN DI PERGURUAN TINGGI ISLAM

There has been a concern over a high unemployment rate among graduates of Islamic higher education and a low proportion of entrepreneurs in Indonesia. In fact, a high proportion of entrepreneurs is one of indicators of a country’s welfare. This has generated a question: to what extent do Islamic values cultivate entrepreneurial culture among its adherents? How to cultivate entrepreneurial culture in Islamic higher education? This paper will investigate this matter using a case study of Faculty of Islamic Law and Economics at Banten State Institute for Islamic Studies. The paper argues that the curriculum at the faculty of Islamic Law and Economics has not been oriented towards building entrepreneurial culture. The curriculum consists of subjects to enhance the students’ competence and skills to prepare them as bachelors of syari`ah economics for the professions such as manager, lecturer, researcher, syari`ah auditor, etc, instead of preparing them for entrepreneurs who are capable to build his or her own business from the scratch. To propose Islamic entrepreneurship study program at the FSEI of IAIN SMHB, it is important to have a strong political will not only from the internal IAIN but also higher authoritative body such as the Ministry of Religious Affairs to facilitate this from not only the accreditation process but also financial support. A further feasibility study needs to be undertaken to build its infrastructure such as qualified lecturers, appropriate curriculum structure, and recruitment student system. Since this field has a strong link with a ‘real sector’, there has been an urgent need to build cooperations with business sector to enable the students to undertake their apprentice and build their networks to facilitate their ability to develop their own business. Keywords: Islam, entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial education.

Re-Reading Entrepreneurship in the Hidden Economy: Commercial or Social Entrepreneurs?

Since the turn of the millennium, a small but growing stream of the entrepreneurship literature has drawn attention to how a large proportion of entrepreneurs start-up their enterprises operating in the hidden economy on a wholly or partially off-the-books basis. This paper evaluates critically the assumption that these hidden entrepreneurs are engaged in commercial entrepreneurship. Reporting evidence from a 2002-2003 survey involving interviews with 28 early-stage entrepreneurs operating in the hidden economy in English rural localities, the finding is that hidden entrepreneurs range from rational economic actors pursuing a purely commercial goal through to purely social entrepreneurs pursuing solely social logics, with the majority somewhere in-between combining both commercial and social goals. The outcome is a call to begin mapping the heterogeneous logics of hidden entrepreneurs in different contexts.

Entrepreneurship in the informal economy: commercial or social entrepreneurs?

Recent research has revealed that a large proportion of entrepreneurs start-up their ventures operating on a wholly or partially off-the-books basis. Until now, it has been commonly assumed that those who operate in the informal economy are exclusively commercial entrepreneurs. They are assumed to be rational economic actors who weigh up the benefits of operating off-the-books against the costs of being caught and decide to operate in this manner. The aim of this paper is to evaluate critically this a priori assumption. Reporting evidence from a 2005/6 survey involving face-to-face interviews with 102 informal entrepreneurs in Moscow in Russia, the finding is that such entrepreneurs are not purely commercially driven. Examining their rationales, informal entrepreneurs are found to range from purely rational economic actors pursuing for-profit logics through to purely social entrepreneurs pursuing purely social logics, with the majority somewhere in-between combining both for-profit and social rationales. Neither do their logics remain static over time. What begins as a commercial entrepreneurial venture may become more socially oriented over time or vice versa. So too do their logics vary socio-spatially. Those living in deprived populations are more socially-orientated, whilst those in relatively affluent populations are comparatively more profit-driven. The outcome is a call for a more nuanced explanation of the complex and heterogeneous logics of informal entrepreneurs.

Re-reading entrepreneurship in the hidden economy: commercial or social entrepreneurs?

Since the turn of the millennium, a small but growing stream of the entrepreneurship literature has drawn attention to how a large proportion of entrepreneurs start-up their enterprises operating in the hidden economy on a wholly or partially off-the-books basis. This paper evaluates critically the assumption that these hidden entrepreneurs are engaged in commercial entrepreneurship. Reporting evidence from a 2002–2003 survey involving interviews with 28 early-stage entrepreneurs operating in the hidden economy in English rural localities, the finding is that hidden entrepreneurs range from rational economic actors pursuing a purely commercial goal through to purely social entrepreneurs pursuing solely social logics, with the majority somewhere in-between combining both commercial and social goals. The outcome is a call to begin mapping the heterogeneous logics of hidden entrepreneurs in different contexts.

The Party and Private Entrepreneurs in the PRC

In July 2001, Party Secretary Jiang Zemin announced that private entrepreneurs,
 among other 'outstanding' representatives of the new social elites, were welcome
 to join the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). The move led to controversial
 ideological debates as it was widely interpreted as a clear signal that the communist
 party was finally turning capitalist. Things become less clear, however, when we
 look not so much at ideologies but at the actual facts. Realizing how little we
 know about the reality of relations between the CCP and private entrepreneurs,
 the aim of the paper is two-fold: The first is to collect and critically assess the
 information available on current developments of the 'private economy' (a vague
 notion in itself), and on the proportion of entrepreneurs who are already CCP
 members. Second, based on this analytical 'deconstruction' of statistical data and
 categories, the article delineates motives and strategies that might lie behind the
 new policy of formally admitting private entrepreneurs into the party. As will be
 argued, one important reason could be that the CCP, by co-opting entrepreneurs,
 attempts to (re-)gain access to the ever larger labour force employed in the growing
 non-public sector of the economy and thus to strengthen its organizational
 presence at the grassroots level. However, while we know something about the
 CCP's policy, much more needs to be known about the political preferences,
 attitudes and behaviour of private entrepreneurs. Therefore, instead of drawing
 macropolitical conclusions, the paper ends with an outline of relevant microscopic
 aspects of the relations between entrepreneurs and the CCP that deserve more indepth
 analysis in the future.

Self‐employment in the Canadian Sub‐Arctic: An Exploratory Study

AbstractThis exploratory study provides a theoretical and empirically informed analysis of self‐employment in a small sub‐Arctic town in Canada. An interdisciplinary literature review leads to the development of a theoretical typology of the self‐employed used to analyze empirical findings. Using ethnographic means to obtain information on how and why people in Churchill, Manitoba, become self‐employed, the author compares his findings with established schools of thought. Much literature relates self‐employment to opportunity; this implicitly assumes a uniform response to opportunity across cultures. In contrast, the results of this study suggest that identification of and Ior response to opportunity is linked to culture. The causal variable of self‐employment is not simply opportunity; cultural constraints affect the individual's response to opportunity, i.e., cultural perception of opportunity is a relevant causal variable. Implications are discussed, concluding with topics for future research.RésuméCette étude exploratoire présente une analyse de l'entre‐preneuriat dans une petite ville du Grand Nord canadien, celle‐ci avec ses racines dans un schéma théorique, ainsi que dans des données empiriques. Une revue interdisciplinaire de la littérature mène au développement d'une typologie du travailleur autonome, ceci étant utile pour l'analyse de données empiriques. Muni d'outils ethnographiques à la recherche de comment et pourquoi des individus à Churchill, au Manitoba, deviennnent travailleurs autonomes, l'auteur compare ses données avec la littérature existante. Plusieurs écrits tracent l'entre‐preneuriat à l'opportunité; ceux‐ci s'attendent à une réaction uniforme vis‐à‐vis de l'opportunité, peut importe la culture. Par contre, les résultats de la présente étude suggèrent que l'identification de et/ou la réaction face à l'opportunité, est reliée à la culture. Ce n'est pas l'opportunité qui détermine I entrepreneurial, mais plutǒt, puisque des contraintes culturelles influencent la réponse au stimulus, c'est la perception culturelle de l'opportunité qui en est responsable. Des implications sont discutées, concluant avec des suggestions pour de futures recherches.