Proportion Of Dyslipidemia Research Articles

Characteristics and real-world medication persistence of people living with HIV treated with DTG/3TC or BIC/FTC/TAF: a hospital claims database study in Japan.

As the life expectancy of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH) has improved, chronic disease burden and polypharmacy have increased in PLWH. Simplification of the antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen for PLWH has become crucial. The real-world treatment patterns and medication persistence of the 2-drug single-tablet regimen (STR), dolutegravir/lamivudine (DTG/3TC), compared to bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF) prescribed were investigated. This retrospective, database study extracted data from a hospital-based medical claims database in Japan. The changes in ART distributions by year during the identification period between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2021 were observed. Patients with disease record of HIV-1 infection and prescribed DTG/3TC or BIC/FTC/TAF as the first prescription of STR during the identification period were divided into two cohorts; DTG/3TC cohort and BIC/FTC/TAF cohort, respectively. Patient without medication records more than 3 months and no future data more than 6 months were excluded. Patients' characteristics were compared between the DTG/3TC cohort and the BIC/FTC/TAF cohort by Mantel-Haenszel test to adjust for age. Medication persistence was compared between the two cohorts by evaluating the continuation rates using Kaplan-Meier methods, using the log-rank test to assess the difference between the Kaplan-Meier curves. The median time-to-first prescription was compared between the two cohorts by Kaplan-Meier methods. Prescriptions of DTG/3TC and BIC/FTC/TAF increased steadily from 2019 to 2021 after the release year of each STR. There was no significant difference in the time-to-first prescription (p = 0.3). A total of 959 patients were included, with 120 patients and 839 patients on DTG/3TC and BIC/FTC/TAF, respectively. The proportion of dyslipidemia at baseline was significantly higher in the DTG/3TC cohort than in the BIC/FTC/TAF cohort after adjusting for mean age (p = 0.002). There was no significant difference in medication persistence between the two cohorts (p = 0.91). This study showed that DTG/3TC was likely to be selected for elderly patients and those with chronic disease in real-world clinical practice, which seems in accordance with the treatment strategy recommended by guidelines. Comparable medication persistence was observed with both regimens, aligning with findings from other countries. The 2-drug single-tablet regimen DTG/3TC may be an important ART regimen for PLWH with multiple morbidities and polypharmacy in an aging society. Due to the limitations of the database, further research to assess viral loads, emergence of resistance and adverse events will be encouraged.

Distribution of Arteriosclerotic Vessels in Patients with Arteriosclerosis and the Differences of Serum Lipid Levels Classified by Different Sites.

To investigate the distribution of arteriosclerotic vessels of arteriosclerosis, differential serum lipid profiles, and differences in the proportion of dyslipidaemia between patients with single-site arteriosclerosis and multi-site arteriosclerosis (significant hardening of ≥2 arteries). The data of 6581 single-site arteriosclerosis patients and 5940 multi-site arteriosclerosis patients were extracted from the hospital medical record system. Serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein (Apo) A1, ApoB concentrations and C-reactive protein (CRP) between patients with single-site arteriosclerosis and multi-site arteriosclerosis were collected and analyzed. The most diseased arteries were coronary arteries (n=7099, 33.7%), limb arteries (n=6546, 31.1%), and carotid arteries (n=5279, 25.1%). TC, LDL-C, TC/HDL-C, and LDL-C/HDL-C levels were higher and CRP level was lower in multi-site arteriosclerosis patients than those in single-site arteriosclerosis patients. The TC, LDL-C levels in non-elderly (<65 years old) female patients were higher and TG/HDL-C, TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C levels were lower than those in non-elderly male patients, while the TG, TC, LDL-C, and TG/HDL-C levels in elderly (≥65 years old) female patients were higher and LDL-C/HDL-C level was lower than those in elderly male patients. The proportion of dyslipidemia in descending order was as follows: low HDL-C (31.9%), elevated TG (16.9%), elevated TC (9.0%), and elevated LDL-C (4.2%). The levels of TC, LDL-C, TC/HDL-C, and LDL-C/HDL-C in patients with peripheral arteriosclerosis were higher than those in patients with cardio-cerebrovascular arteriosclerosis. There were differences in serum lipid levels in patients with arteriosclerosis with different age, gender and distribution of arteriosclerotic vessels.

Direct economic burden attributable to age-related diseases in China: An econometric modelling study.

Aging is a strong risk factor for many chronic diseases. However, the economic burden attributable to age-related diseases remains unclear. We aimed to calculate the economic burden attributable to age-related diseases in China. We used an econometric modelling approach from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS), which is based on a longitudinal observational data set from middle-aged and older adults aged 45+ in 2011, 2013, and 2015. We calculated the total direct economic burden attributable to age-related diseases for outpatient and inpatient services among adults aged 45 and above in China, which was approximately 288.368 billion US dollars (US$), US$379.901 billion, and US$616.809 billion in 2011, 2013, and 2015, respectively, taking up 19.48%, 21.11% and 32.03% of the overall health care expenses in the same year. The proportion of dyslipidemia was the largest, followed by hypertension in all the three years; hearing problems accounted for the lowest proportion. The alarming upward trend in age-related economic burden in China calls for urgent interventions to prevent or slow down the accumulation of damage associated with age-related diseases.

Strong relationship between dyslipidemia and the ectopic ossification of the spinal ligaments

Obesity and metabolic disturbances are prevalent in ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) and ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF); however, the involvement of dyslipidemia (DL) in OPLL/OLF remains uncertain. We investigated the association between dyslipidemia and OPLL/OLF using a dataset of 458 individuals receiving health screening tests, including computed tomography. Subjects were grouped according to the presence or location of OPLL/OLF: controls (no OPLL/OLF, n = 230), OLF (n = 167), cervical OPLL (n = 28), and thoracic OPLL (n = 33). They were also grouped according to the presence of dyslipidemia (DL[+], n = 215; DL[−], n = 243). The proportion of dyslipidemia in the OLF and OPLL groups was 1.6–2.2 times higher than that in the control group. The proportion of OLF and OPLL in the DL(+) group was significantly higher than that in the DL(−) group (OLF, 43% vs. 29%; cervical OPLL, 14.4% vs. 3.2%; thoracic OPLL, 11.1% vs. 3.7%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed an association between all ossification types and dyslipidemia. This study demonstrated an association of dyslipidemia with OPLL/OLF; further investigation on the causal relationship between dyslipidemia and ectopic spinal ligament ossification is warranted to develop a therapeutic intervention for OPLL/OLF.

A study of thyroid dysfunction among elderly in a tertiary care hospital

Introduction and Aim: The prevalence of thyroid disorders all over the world is on the rise. However, the diagnosis is complicated among the elderlies due to factors such as non-specific clinical manifestations and interacting medications. The aim of the study is to estimate the prevalence and type of thyroid dysfunction among the elderly.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study was undertaken in the Department of General Medicine of a tertiary care teachinghospital. The study included 100 subjects aged above 60 years, of both genders. Data for clinical examination and biochemical tests such as T3, T4, TSH and lipid profile were collected. Reports of USG/FNAC, performed in cases of thyroid nodule, were also checked.Results:The prevalence of thyroid disorders was 22% of the study population. Overt and subclinical hypothyroidism were observed among 4% and 17% respectively, with 1% having hyperthyroidism. Subclinical hypothyroidism was more common among women. No specific trend was observed with increasing age.TPO antibodies were positive among 73% of the cases. Patients with thyroid dysfunction had higher values of triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL. The proportion of dyslipidemia was significantly higher among elderly with thyroid dysfunction as compared to people with no thyroid dysfunction (90.90% Vs 24.35%, P value &lt; 0.001).&#x0D; Conclusion: Thyroid dysfunction in the elderly is common. Strong clinical suspicion of thyroid diseases in elderly patients presenting with non-specific symptoms is needed. This would aid in the diagnosis of thyroid disorders among the elderly.

Factors Associated with Incident Cardiovascular Events and Cardiac Risk Assessment in a Cohort of HIV-infected Participants in Rio de Janeiro

Background: Cardiovascular events (CVEs) have emerged as an important cause of morbimortality in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA). We aimed to investigate factors associated with incident CVE and compare the observed incidence with the predicted CVE risk by three different equations. Methods: Among the 649 active participants of the INI-ELSA cohort, we analysed data of 644 individuals free of CVE at baseline examinations. We used Cox regression models to study factors associated with CVE and to assess the equation's performance we compared the observed incidence with the overall 5-year predicted risks. Results: Over a median follow-up of 6.26-years (interquartile range [IQR] 6.01-6.47), there were 18 CVE, four deaths. Overall, 57.92% were male, median age was 43.4 years (35.82-50.73), most were on cART (88.65%). Participants who had CVE were older, had poorer renal function, higher proportion of dyslipidemia and higher levels of systolic blood pressure and triglycerides. The observed CVE rate was 2.90% (1.60-4.90%) whereas their overall cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk differed depending on which score was used: 0.91 (0.42-20), 1.16 (0.38-2.78) and 1.68 (0.60-3.87), according to Framingham, ASCVD and DAD, respectively. In the multivariable Cox analysis black race, smoking 10+ packs years, dyslipidemia, current CD4 cell count x101, cumulative viral load and time on NNRTI were independent predictors of CVE. Conclusion: Both traditional and HIV-related factors were associated with incident CVE. Risk scores were inconsistent in classifying patients who had CVE as high risk, indicating that validation studies are required to improve risk assessment of PLHA in Brazil.

Abnormal Lipoprotein as a Determinant of Increased Blood Pressure: a Community Based Study in Rural Nagpur

Introduction: Hypertension is a modern epidemic. Dyslipidemia with hypertension increase cardiovascular morbidity by many folds. Abnormal lipoprotein profile itself associated with raised blood pressure. The study was conducted to find out the proportion of dyslipidemia and any association between the different components of blood lipids with hypertension. Methodology: It was a cross sectional study conducted in rural area of Nagpur among 574 adult subjects. Biochemical investigation was undertaken among 110 subsample and statistical tests were conducted with the help of SPSS software, version 19.0. Results: Prevalence of hypertension and dyslipidemia was 17.9% and 83.63% respectively. Positive correlation was found between SBP and Cholesterol, LDL-C. Conclusion: Regular screening for blood pressure and lipoprotein profile in community and adequate management will have beneficial role in prevention of development of early cardiovascular disorders in population.

Investigation on the Influencing Factors of Adult Dyslipidemia in Shunqing District of Nanchong City

To analyze the risk factors of dyslipidemia of adult residents in Shunqing District of Nanchong City. A five-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to select adult residents from 9 communities in the urban area of Shunqing District of Nanchong City from January 2013 to April 2018 for questionnaires survey,physical measurement and laboratory test. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to study the influencing factors of dyslipidemia. A total of 105 956 people was investigated,and the prevalence rate of dyslipidemia was 34.2% (36 272 cases). Among them, the prevalence rate of male was 38.11%, and 31.91% for female ( P<0.01). The proportion of dyslipidemia with hypertension, diabetes, and coronary heart disease was 13.46%, 5.74%, and 0.39%, respectively. The proportion of hypertension with diabetes was 2.79%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that gender (odds ratio ( OR)=1.276, P<0.001), body mass index ( OR=1.052, P<0.001), education level (set ≤elementary school as reference, high school OR=1.094, P<0.001, ≥graduated OR=1.185, P<0.001), smoking history ( OR=1.124, P<0.001), coronary heart disease ( OR=1.189, P<0.001), hypertension ( OR=1.148, P<0.001),sdiabetes ( OR=1.967, P<0.001), and family history of dyslipidemia ( OR=1.760, P<0.001) were the influencing factors of dyslipidemia in residents of this region. Conclusions The dyslipidemia of urban residents in Nanchong area is highly concerned with hypertension, diabetes, and coronary heart disease. Male, obesity, high education level, smoking, coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, and family history of dyslipidemia are risk factors for dyslipidemia in urban residents of Nanchong area. It is necessary to actively target the above risk factors and high-risk groups.

Cardiovascular and Metabolic Risk Assessment in Patients with Lichen Planus: A Tertiary Care Hospital-based Study from Northern India.

Background:The association between lichen planus (LP) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors has been demonstrated in previous reports. However, the evidence of CVD risk factors in Indian patients with LP is limited.Objective:To compare CVD risk factors in LP patients and healthy controls.Methods:We performed a cross-sectional study on 122 subjects, 61 LP patients, and 61 controls who visited the outpatient clinic of the dermatology department of a tertiary care hospital. Patients with skin diseases known to be associated with CV risk, pregnant, and lactating women were excluded from the study. CVD risk factors were compared between LP cases and controls using anthropometric measures, hemodynamic and metabolic parameters, and inflammatory marker (ESR).Results:The proportion of metabolic syndrome (MS) was significantly higher in LP patients than the controls (29.5% vs. 9.8%, odds ratio [OR] 3.83; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.40–10.50; P = 0.006). The proportion of dyslipidemia was also significantly higher in LP patients (70.5% vs. 42.6%; P = 0.002). LP patients had a high proportion of obesity (P = 0.004), hypertension (P = 0.004), impaired fasting glucose (P = 0.025), and raised ESR (P = 0.006) as compared to controls. A multivariate regression model demonstrated that dyslipidemia and obesity were significantly associated with LP even after controlling for confounders such as age, gender, sedentarism, dietary habits, alcohol, and impaired fasting glucose. There was no significant association between the extent of LP and the proportion of MS or dyslipidemia.Conclusion:The present study found a significant association of LP with individual CVD risk factors as well as MS.

HIV infection does not influence stroke outcomes in HIV-infected patients: A prospective study

BackgroundHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, opportunistic infections and antiretroviral therapy contribute to the pathogenesis of stroke, yet, little is known about the influence of HIV infection on outcome in stroke patients. The aim of this study was to compare the outcome of stroke in HIV-infected patients with that of HIV-negative patients at the Douala General Hospital (DGH). Patients and methodsA prospective cohort study was carried out at the Neurology unit and the Intensive Care Unit of the DGH from January 2010 to December 2015. All patients aged 15 years and above, admitted for stroke confirmed by brain imaging were included. HIV testing was systematically prescribed for all stroke patients. HIV-infected patients were then compared with HIV-uninfected patients. Quantitative variables were expressed as means while qualitative variables were expressed as frequencies, and were compared with the Chi2 test or the Fisher test and the Student test respectively. Stroke outcome was evaluated by the mortality, in-hospital stay and functional outcome at 6 months post-stroke. Kaplan–Meyer method was used to determine survival. ResultsForty of the 608 patients with stroke were HIV-positive, giving an in-hospital HIV prevalence of 6.6%. Mean age of the HIV-infected stroke patients was 51.3±10.4 years as against 59.6±13.53 in the HIV-uninfected group (P=0.001). The proportion of dyslipidemia in HIV-infected stroke patients with was greater than that in HIV-uninfected stroke patients (57.5% vs 8.9%, P<0.001). The most common type of stroke was ischemic in two-thirds of the patients in both groups. HIV-infected stroke patients had a mean hospital stay longer than that of HIV-uninfected patients (10.3±8.1 days vs 8.1±6.3 days, P=0.042). Post-stroke infections were more frequent in HIV-infected patients (17.5% vs 6.9%, P=0.014). The cumulative mortality rates at 6 months were 37.5% and 34.5% for the HIV-infected and the HIV-uninfected groups respectively (P=0.471). The functional outcome was similar in both groups at the 6th month post-stroke (Rankin score>2: 38.5%vs 38.8%, P=0.973). There was no difference in survival between the two groups. ConclusionHIV infection does not affect in-hospital mortality and functional outcome in stroke patients a part the length of hospital stay.

A Retrospective Hospital Record Based Analysis on Demographic Profile and Associated Complications/Comorbidities in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Attending a Clinic of Punjab, India

Background : India is home to the second largest number of adults living with type 2 diabetes (T2D) worldwide. Comorbidities like obesity, hypertension and dyslipidemia have also increased dramatically with rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes and are known to affect both the course and outcome of the disease. The large proportion of patients presenting with T2D in our clinic prompted us to do this study because there is need to increase awareness of metabolic risk factors and how to prevent them. Furthermore, for the prevention and better management of diabetes, it is also vital to know the profile of these patients. Methods : This was a retrospective clinic-record based study involving a total of 760 type 2 diabetic patients visiting our diabetes clinic from 2011 to 2015 to assess demographic profile and co-morbidities/complications associated with T2D patients. Results : Among the 760 study participants, we found that 303 were males and 457 were females. T2D was most common (72.37%) among those between age group of 41-60 years. Almost 75.13% had uncontrolled diabetes. Dyslipidemia (hypertriglyceridemia) was the most common comorbidity seen in nearly 95.92% T2D patients in this study. Nearly 65.53% of the diabetic patients were hypertensive and 59.87% were either overweight or obese. Macrovascular complications were also seen in a significant 24.74% of the T2D patients and amongst microvascular complications neuropathy and retinopathy (20.13% and 19.34% respectively) were common. Conclusion : In this study most of the type 2 diabetic patients were between 41-60 years of age group with females being the majority of them. Neuropathy and retinopathy were most common diabetes related complications. There was high proportion of dyslipidemia, hypertension and obesity among these T2D patients.

Frequency of Dyslipidemia in Patients Having Subclinical Hypothyroidism

INTRODUCTIONThyroid hormone by binding to the thyroid hormone receptors affects metabolism and growth in nearly all tissues of the body. Thyroid hormones play vital role in the synthesis and metabolism of lipids. The reduced secretion of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) from the thyroid gland results in hypothyroidism. The subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) is term used for the condition in which there is small elevation of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in the presence of normal thyroid hormone levels. Disorders of thyroid gland are the second most common endocrine abnormalities globally after diabetes mellitus.OBJECTIVETo determinethe frequency of dyslipidemia in patients having subclinical hypothyroidism.METHODOLOGYThis study was conducted at Naseer Teaching Hospital, Peshawar. Duration of the study was one years and the study design was descriptive cross sectional study. The total sample size was 136 patients presenting with subclinical hypothyroidism taking 34.31% proportion of dyslipidemia in subclinical hypothyroid patients12, 95% confidence interval and 8 % margin of error; using WHO software for sample size calculation. More over consecutive (non-probability sampling) technique was used for sample collection.RESULTSIn this study mean age was 40 years with SD 1.26. Sixty three percent patients were female and 37% patients were male. Seventy percent patients had dyslipidemia while 30% patients didn’t have dyslipidemia.CONCLUSIONThe current study shows that the incidence of dyslipidemia was found to be in patients having subclinical hypothyroidism.

STUDY THE DYSLIPIDEMIA AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TREATMENT IN PATIENT AFTER RENAL TRANSPLANTATION AT HUE CENTRAL HOSPITAL

Objectives: Survey proportion of dyslipidemia and related factors in after kidney transplantation. Assess the efficancy and side effects of atorvastatin in hyperlipidemia after renal transplantation. Materials and Methods: 43 patients received a kidney transplantation at Hue central Hospital from 06/2013-08/2015.And 26 hyperlipidemia renal transplant recipents was administered with atorvastatin 10mg/day for a period of 2 months base on guideline treatment of NCEC 1991 (National Cholesterol Education Council). A Cross-sectional and prospective study. Results: new-onset dyslipidemia incidence after renal transplantation was 97.7%. Dyslipidemiatreatement base on recommend NCECwas 60.5%.The regimen 1(Neoral+ Cellcept+Prednisolon) and 2 (Prograf+ Cellcept+Prednisolon) have similar effect on change serum lipid before and after transplantation 1 month (p&lt;0.05).On average, serum total cholesterol and serum LDL cholesterol and triglyceride significantly decreased after atorvastatin therapy (p&lt;0.05). Whereas, serum HDL cholesterol also decreased. Renal function, creatinin clearance, transamina, creatinin phosphokinase, CRP, fasting glucose, urine protein without significant changes during the period on atorvastatin. Adverse effects were reported in three cases (2 case increase transamin and 1 case increase creanin phosphokinase). But there was no evidence of myopathy, including myalgia. All events were mild and treatment did not need to be discontinued in any of the case. Elevated transamina and CK spontaneous resolution, even the Atorvastatin is continued. Conclusion: Dyslipidemia met with high rates after transplant and showed no difference in the regimens using immunosuppressive drugs cause this disorder. Treatment with atorvastatin 10 mg / day has remarkable effect of dyslipidemia in patients after renal transplantation. Key words: renal transplantation, immunosuppressive drugs, dyslipidemia.

Targeting High-Density Lipoprotein and Triglycerides in Statin-Treated Patients with Diabetes

Diabetes remains a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease. One potential cause of this excess risk is the higher proportion of dyslipidemia among patient with type 2 diabetes. Although statin therapy has been shown to improve lipid profiles of patients with diabetes and reduce their risk of cardiovascular disease, there remains a residual risk. Further optimization of the lipid profile of these patients through reduction in triglycerides and improvement in high-density lipoprotein levels has the potential to further reduce the cardiovascular risk. This article reviews several pharmacologic treatments aimed at achieving this optimization and provides an overview of recent clinical trials testing these strategies.

Blood Pressure Categories and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Japan: The Jichi Medical School (JMS) Cohort Study

Few studies have reported on risk factors by blood pressure categories based on antihypertensive treatment in the general population. We examined the associations between blood pressure categories and other risk factors in Japan. Cross-sectional study, multicenter population-based study was designed. A total of 11,302 men and women were eligible. Data were obtained from April 1992 to July 1995 in 12 rural districts in Japan. Subjects were divided into three categories: normotensives (with blood pressure <140/90 mmHg), treated hypertensives (antihypertensive treatment regardless of current blood pressure), and nontreated hypertensives (blood pressure >or=140/90 mmHg without hypertensive treatment). The proportions of normotensives, treated hypertensives, and nontreated hypertensives were 63%, 10%, and 27% among men, and 67%, 13%, and 20% among women, respectively. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, blood glucose, and body mass index were higher in treated or nontreated hypertensives than in normotensives. Fibrinogen, factor VIIc, and physical activity index were higher in treated hypertensives than in normotensives. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was higher in normotensives than in treated or nontreated hypertensives in women; but no tendency was shown in men. The proportions of dyslipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance, and metabolic syndrome were significantly higher in treated and nontreated hypertensives than in normotensive men and women. In conclusion, cardiovascular risk factors were higher in hypertensives with or without treatment than in normotensives in a general population in Japan.