Proportion Of Biodiesel Research Articles

Optimization of the full-load combustion schemes of n-butanol/biodiesel reactivity-controlled compression ignition (RCCI) toward high-efficiency and low-emission engines

Biodiesel and n-butanol, as popular alternative fuels, can be used in advanced reactivity-controlled compression ignition (RCCI) engines for efficient and clean combustion. However, the complex interactions between n-butanol and biodiesel, as well as the best combustion schemes at different loads, remain poorly understood. Given this, the objective of this paper is to identify optimal fuel organizations for n-butanol/biodiesel RCCI engines across different load scenarios by combining engine simulation with a global optimization algorithm, explore the potential synergies of control parameters, and analyze microscopic dual-fuel interactions based on the integrated average reaction path analysis. Results show that the optimal scheme at low load employs almost homogeneous fuel-air mixtures at elevated temperature atmosphere above 390 K, with n-butanol energy share exceeding 96% and optimal biodiesel injection timing between −70 and −50 °CA. Higher n-butanol ratio coupled with increased intake temperature improves engine performance. For mid load, biodiesel injection timing is retarded to −55 to −30 °CA, and biodiesel proportion is increased to introduce reactivity stratification, while maintaining its energy share below 20% to mitigate NOx emissions. Notably, biodiesel density is identified as the primary physical property influencing NOx formation. At high load, a split combustion scheme involving premixing and subsequent diffusion combustion is optimal. The physical effects of n-butanol addition minimally impact the low-temperature ignition of biodiesel, while its chemical effects significantly defer the low-temperature reactivity. The reaction path analysis reveals that n-butanol competes with biodiesel for OH radical consumption, with a large proportion of OH and HO2 consumed in the cyclic reactions of nC4H9OH and nC4H8OH. Adjusting the reactivity stratification affects the reaction state of n-butanol entrained by the biodiesel jets. Higher reactivity gradient intensifies biodiesel reactions to induce the pyrolysis of the involved n-butanol through nC4H8OH => 2C2H4 + OH, therefore resulting in more staged heat release.

Experimental study of combustion characteristics fuelled with biodiesel/diesel blends in high-pressure common rail electronically controlled diesel engines

Abstract Under the pressure of petroleum shortage and more stringent vehicle emission regulations at present, finding green and renewable alternative fuels has become an important research direction for the internal combustion engine. Due to the increment in oil imports, it is urgent to find a clean alternative fuel that will meet the diesel power and economic performance requirements. Biodiesel, with its renewable characteristics and wide resources, was considered, applied, and promoted extensively. The biodiesel studied in this paper is acidified oil biodiesel. The composition and ratio of acidified oil biodiesel were detected. The physicochemical indexes of acidified oil biodiesel/diesel fuel blends were measured and compared. In the electronically controlled high-pressure common rail diesel engine on different blending ratios of biodiesel/diesel fuel blends for a bench test, we analyze the combustion and characteristics. The results indicate that with the increasing biodiesel proportion, the peak of the premixed combustion and diffusion combustion in the cylinder increase, the combustion start point advances, the combustion duration shortens, and the maximum combustion temperature rises.

Atmospheric aldehydes in indoor and outdoor environments impacted by combustion emissions of diesel/biodiesel mixtures

The temporal evolution of air pollutants concentrations inside a semi-closed bus station has been investigated since 2002 until 2023 to understand the impact of direct combustion emissions from buses using diesel/biodiesel fuel blends (B3-B12). Carbonyl compounds concentrations were evaluated, which predominance of acetaldehyde and formaldehyde. It is known that acrolein emission increases with the addition of biodiesel to diesel. However, the determination of acrolein by the official method is compromised due to coelution with acetone on liquid chromatographic separation. In this work, with adaptation of the mobile phase, acrolein was separated adequately and could be determinate in samples obtained in the same bus station while the vehicles had been using B12 fuel blends. Concomitantly, samples were collected outside the station to compare indoor and outdoor air quality. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acrolein were detected in both environments. Aldehydes concentration was higher indoor than outdoors. There are indications that acrolein levels may increase with higher proportions of biodiesel in diesel blends. This study valuable information for future studies on air quality and vehicular emissions.

Assessment of reactive-control compression ignition engine performance and emissions using spirulina microalgae biodiesel in conjunction with methanol as low-reactive fuel

AbstractDue to their numerous uses and great fuel economy, diesel engines have been around for millennia. Despite these benefits, diesel engines have been found to pollute the environment severely. Most of the problems were caused by these engines' combustion processes, engine loads, and exhaust particles. The RCCI engine used in the experiment has 20% lower fuel and 80% high reactive fuel. In this research, methanol, and algae biodiesel blends with dimethyl ether acted as lower and higher reactive fuels, respectively, and these fuels were used to analyze the performance and emission in the RCCI engine. Among the 80% of high reactive fuel, blends contain different proportions of algae biodiesel and diethyl ether such as 32B, 28B4ME, 24B8ME, 20B12ME, and 16B16ME. A single-cylinder, four-stroke RCCI engine with a speed of 1500 rpm is used for the experiment. In the tests, the brake power is varied from 1 to 5 kW with an interval of 1 kW. In the results, BTE, BSFC, and EGT engine performance as well as NOX, HC, CO2, and smoke emissions. According to the experimental findings, the fuel properties of 16B16ME show a calorific value of 34.7 /MJ kg-1 and BTE shows improvement for all additive added fuel and 16B16ME shows higher BTE of 32.5% than other fuel blends, Similarly NOx emission also reduced for 628 ppm for 16B16ME than other fuel blends. Therefore 16B16ME is a suitable blend than other blends in RCCI engine based on the experimental results achieved in the present research.

An Evaluation of the Effect of Fuel Injection on the Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Fueled with Plastic-Oil–Hydrogen–Diesel Blends

Fuelled engines serve as prime movers in low-, medium-, and heavy-duty applications with high thermal diesel efficiency and good fuel economy compared to their counterpart, spark ignition engines. In recent years, diesel engines have undergone a multitude of developments, however, diesel engines release high levels of NOx, smoke, carbon monoxide [CO], and hydrocarbon [HC] emissions. Due to the exponential growth in fleet population, there is a severe burden caused by petroleum-derived fuels. To tackle both fuel and pollution issues, the research community has developed strategies to use economically viable alternative fuels. The present experimental investigations deal with the use of blends of biodiesel prepared from waste plastic oil [P] and petro-diesel [D], and, to improve its performance, hydrogen [H] is added in small amounts. Further, advanced injection timings have been adopted [17.5° to 25.5° b TDC (before top dead centre)] to study their effect on harmful emissions. Hydrogen energy shares vary from 5 to 15%, maintaining a biodiesel proportion of 20%, and the remaining is petro-diesel. Thus, the adopted blends are DP20 ((diesel fuel (80%) and waste plastic biofuel (20%)), DP20H5 (DP20 (95%) and hydrogen (5%)), DP20H10 (DP20 (90%) and hydrogen (10%)), and DP20H15 (DP20 (85%) and hydrogen (15%)). The experiments were conducted at constant speeds with a rated injection pressure of 220 bar and a rated compression ratio of 18. The increase in the share of hydrogen led to a considerable improvement in the performance. Under full load conditions, with advanced injection timings, the brake-specific fuel consumption had significantly decreased and NOx emissions increased.

Investigation of biodiesel and its blends fueled diesel engine: An evaluation of the comprehensive performance of diesel engines

The carbon-neutral era and the increasing demand for energy worldwide are imperative for researching alternative energy. At the same time, biodiesel is considered one of the most prospective alternative energy due to its renewable nature and similar properties to diesel. A comparative study of the effects of different proportions of biodiesel-diesel blends (BD10, BD20, BD40, BD60, BD100) on emissions, vibration, lubricant ferrography, and tribological performance of cylinder liner-piston ring (CL-PR) of a direct injection diesel engine (ZS195) was carried out with a baseline of petroleum diesel. The results of the study demonstrated that the appropriate proportion (less than 20 %) of biodiesel significantly improves the comprehensive performance of diesel engines, primarily by combustion optimization and vibration shock reduction. The BD20 fuel blend achieves the best comprehensive diesel engine performance. The higher percentage of biodiesel results in enhanced vibration and severe degradation of CL-PR performance caused by the dilution of the lubricant and erosion of the components by the biodiesel. The study illuminates the mechanism and intrinsic connection of the effects of biodiesel on diesel engine performance. These results will facilitate the understanding of the effects of biodiesel-diesel blends on diesel engine performance and contribute to carbon neutrality in the transportation sector.

A numerical investigation on enhancing the performance of a diesel engine fuelled with diesel‐biodiesel blend using a diethyl ether as an additive

AbstractGlobally, the encouragement of using renewable fuels like biodiesel for diesel engines is driven by concerns over the fossil fuel depletion and harmful emissions. Additionally, the utilization of renewable fuel additives like diethyl ether has the potential to enhance fuel properties and boost engine performance. The aim of this paper was to construct a computer simulation using Ricardo Wave program in order to predict the performance and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission of a diesel engine fuelled by a diesel‐biodiesel blend and a diethyl ether (DEE) as a fuel additive. The computer model was validated by comparing the simulation engine performance and NOx emission results against the corresponding experimental data for diesel, diesel‐biodiesel blend with 30% biodiesel proportion (B30), and two blends of diesel‐biodiesel‐DEE with DEE proportions of 5% and 10% on a volume basis. Also, the effect of varying the inlet air pressure on engine performance and NOx emission was compared for all investigated fuels. It was numerically demonstrated that using the DEE with an optimum proportion of 5% enhanced engine performance as it decreased engine fuel consumption by 5.9% and increased engine thermal efficiency by 9.6% compared to diesel fuel at engine full load condition. Also, a significant reduction of 20.5% in NOx emission resulted from the addition of DEE. Increasing the inlet air pressure increased engine power and decreased engine fuel consumption for all investigated fuels. Increasing the inlet air pressure from 1 to 3 bar increased engine brake thermal efficiency by almost 20% for all tested fuels. However, NOx emission increased slightly within a range from 1.7% to 7% for the different investigated fuels.

Unjuk kerja mesin diesel berbahan bakar biodiesel campuran jatropha – sawit 4 : 1

The increasing need for energy and environmental problems caused by the use of fossil fuels make the development of alternative fuels very important. This research aims to explore the potential of a jatropha-palm biodiesel combination with a 4:1 composition as an alternative fuel. The methods employed include esterification and transesterification of both oils, along with physical property testing and diesel engine performance. Results indicate an increase in density and viscosity with increasing biodiesel concentration, while the calorific value decreases. The fuel injection angle also changes with a higher biodiesel proportion. The diesel engine exhibits variations in rotational speed and power depending on the load and type of fuel. Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC) increases with engine load. In conclusion, the jatropha-palm biodiesel combination holds potential as an alternative diesel engine fuel.

Ultrasonic-assisted biodiesel generation from waste chicken fat utilizing a novel and reusable Ce-doped Fe2O3 nanocatalyst: Optimization by CCD, kinetics, and nano-additive on emissions and performance of a diesel engine

The present study aimed at the fabrication of an efficient nanocatalyst utilizing cerium doped on hematite (Ce-doped Fe2O3) as a highly reactive catalyst in biodiesel generation from waste chicken fat (WCF) under ultrasonication and also as nano-additive to improve diesel engine features. The surface features of Fe2O3 and Ce@Fe2O3 nanoparticles were investigated utilizing several analyses. The characterization outcomes demonstrated that the Ce element was successfully incorporated into the Fe2O3 structure. RSM-assisted experimental design was utilized to optimize effective parameters on biodiesel efficiency. According to the CCD results, the maximum biodiesel yield employing Fe2O3 and Ce-doped Fe2O3 nanocatalysts was 91.57% and 95.38%, respectively, which were obtained after 30 min of ultrasonic irradiation time. Also, various proportions of petrodiesel and biodiesel as well as adding Ce@Fe2O3 nanoparticles to the fuel blend at different torques (20–100%) were tested on diesel engine parameters. The outcomes revealed that adding biodiesel to petrodiesel diminished CO (10.02%) and UHC (6.34%). Further, increasing biodiesel content in the fuel composition enhanced BSFC (8.29%) and EGT (14.17%) parameters and declined BTE (13.37%). Besides, increasing the percentage of torque enhanced EGT and BTE and reduced BSFC. Also, adding Ce@Fe2O3 nanoparticles to biodiesel/diesel blends reduced CO, NOx, and UHC concentrations, and enhanced BTE and BSFC values. Kinetic and thermodynamic analyses reveal that the transesterification reaction is first-order and endothermic. Furthermore, the activation energy for biodiesel generation using Fe2O3 and Ce-doped Fe2O3 nanocatalysts were attained at 46.61 and 46.58 kJ/mol, respectively, which are considerable amounts. Besides, the reusability investigation showed that Ce-doped Fe2O3 nanoparticles have high stability, so that after the 7th cycle, the biodiesel yield was 87.26% (only a 7.5% decrease in efficiency). Generally, owing to unique features including high catalytic performance, considerable reusability, and high biodiesel yield, Ce-doped Fe2O3 nanoparticles are highly recommended for industrial applications.

The Effect of Different Mixing Proportions and Different Operating Conditions of Biodiesel Blended Fuel on Emissions and Performance of Compression Ignition Engines

Faced with the depletion of fossil fuels and increasingly serious environmental pollution, finding an environmentally friendly renewable alternative fuel has become one of the current research focuses. In order to find new alternative fuels, reduce dependence on fossil fuels, improve air quality, and promote sustainable development goals, castor biodiesel was produced through transesterification, and mixed with diesel in a certain proportion. The engine performance and emissions were compared and analyzed under fixed load and different speeds of agricultural diesel engines. Biofuel, as a fuel containing oxygen, promotes complete combustion to a certain extent. As the proportion of castor biodiesel in the mixed fuel increases, the emissions of pollutants such as CO, HC, and smoke show a decreasing trend. The lowest CO, HC, and smoke emissions were observed in the B80 blend at 1800 rpm, at 0.3%, 23 ppm, and 3%, respectively. On the contrary, the CO2 and NOx emissions of the B80 blend are higher than those of 2.7 diesel, reaching 2.5% and 332 ppm respectively at 1800 rpm. The lower calorific value and higher viscosity of biodiesel result in a decrease in BTE and an increase in the BSFC of the blends. Higher combustion temperatures at high speeds promote oxidation reactions, resulting in reduced HC, CO, and smoke emissions, but increased CO2 and NOx emissions. At high speeds, fuel consumption increases, BSFC increases, and BTE decreases. Overall, castor biodiesel has similar physical and chemical properties to diesel and can be mixed with diesel in a certain proportion for use in CI engines, making it an excellent alternative fuel.

Experimental Analysis of The Impacts of Biodiesel-Diesel Fuel Mixtures on Engine Vibration, Noise and Combustion

The restricted reserves of fossil-based fuels and the regulations imposed on emission standards increase the importance of renewable fuels. Biodiesel is one of among peripherally friendly and renewable disjunctive fuels and contributes to the reduction of exhaust emissions. Biodiesel fuels have distinctive chemical frames and fuel features compared to conventional diesel fuels based on their substance and production method. Ignition delay, pressure increase rate, and combustion characteristics generate mechanical noises and vibrations in the engine. In compression-ignition engines, high noise and vibration eventuating from the explosive burning have negative effects on the environment and living beings. In this search, the impacts of various proportions of biodiesel fuel and conventional diesel fuel blends on the in-cylinder pressure, vibration, and noise of a three-cylinder water-cooled diesel engine were experimentally investigated. The peak max in-cylinder pressure values for all test fuels were obtained at 15 Nm. For all test fuels, the largest vibration value was obtained at 15 and 60 Nm and the smallest vibration value was obtained at 45 Nm. The engine noise level is reduced up to 45 Nm and increased at 60 Nm. The highest noise level was obtained with conventional diesel fuel (D) at all engine loads. The addition of biodiesel to the test fuels reduced the noise level at all loads. The average noise values of all test fuels are 90.58, 90.28, 90.35, and 90,09 dBA for 15, 30, 45, and 60 Nm loads, respectively.

Experimental study on dribbling characteristics of gasoline/biodiesel blends after the end-of-injection

The effects of biodiesel addition on gasoline fuel dribbling process and characteristics after the end-of-injection (EOI) were investigated in a constant volume chamber at different injection pressures and ambient temperatures. The fuel dribbling process was recorded with high spatial and time resolution by using the microscopic shadow imaging technique, and the corresponding dribble velocity, dribble volume and droplet size were extracted. The results showed that the fuel dribbling experienced four typical morphological structures (spray-like, membrane-type, ligament-type, droplets) after the EOI under all the tested conditions. Additionally, increased biodiesel proportion in the blends caused decreased dribble velocity, longer dribbling duration, and increased droplet size, indicating deteriorated breakup and atomization processes of the dribbling flow. Moreover, the higher injection pressure increased the dribble amount but reduced the dribbling duration and droplet size. The increased ambient temperature caused faster evaporation of the dribbling fuel, resulting in a significant decrease in the dribble size. So, these two strategies were believed to be overall favorable to restrain the adverse effect on gasoline fuel dribbling characteristics caused by the addition of biodiesel.

Experimental assessment of cork based Botryococcus braunii microalgae blends and hydrogen in modified multicylinder diesel engine

The extended research in using non-edible sources for production of biodiesel has been a boon in today’s need for an alternative fuel. However, the advanced biodiesels have helped to be an alternative fuel to tackle the fossil fuel shortage, the further improvements are needed in the composition of biodiesels. The present research paper gives the detailed explanation about the conversion of the Botryococcus braunii microalgae oil into biodiesel. In addition to the biodiesel blends, hydrogen was added to the injection system as secondary fuel. The addition of hydrogen in biodiesels will reduce the emission of unwanted pollutants. The hydrogenation increases the cetane number of the biodiesel and reduces the free fatty acids to improve the fuel quality. Experimental tests were conducted at full load condition by varying the engine speed from 1000 rpm to 3000 rpm. The hydrogen supply was provided constantly by allowing 5 L per minute into the BB (Botryococcus braunii) biodiesel. The varied proportions of biodiesel was BB0 (Diesel 100 %), BB10 (Botryococcus braunii biodiesel 10 %+Diesel 90 %) and BB20 (Botryococcus braunii biodiesel 20 %+Diesel 80 %) assisted with hydrogen to form BB0H5, BB10H5 and BB20H5. Blends were tested in a multi cylinder, naturally aspirated, compression ignition diesel engines. The different characteristics of the biodiesel with hydrogen in terms of performance, combustion and emission were calculated. The highest engine torque was reported when engine speed was maintained at 1500 rpm. BB10H5 reported the maximum engine torque of 282 Nm followed by BB20H5 and BB0H5. All the blends with hydrogen enrichment reported the highest thermal efficiency and reduced brake specific fuel consumption. Compared to plain diesel, the hydrogen added biodiesel significantly reduced the harmful gas emissions meanwhile the performance qualities were improved. However, there is no sign of reduction in the NOx across various engine speed due to the high cylinder temperatures at higher engine speeds.

Reducing NOx emissions in biodiesel-powered LHR engines using an antioxidant additive: a methodological approach

This study examined the effects of various biodiesel blends with an antioxidant additive on the performance and emissions of a 5.2 kW diesel engine, coated with lanthanum oxide to enhance its performance. The aim was to identify the optimal blend and proportion of biodiesel and antioxidant that could reduce NOx emissions while maintaining or improving engine performance. Experiments were conducted on low heat rejection and conventional engines, using different blends of AME, WCOME, and JME with different proportions of L-ascorbic acid and LA. Results showed that a 20% biodiesel blend with 200 mg of LA additive performed best in a low heat rejection engine, with a 15.8%, 10.4%, and 9.3% reduction in HC, CO, and smoke emissions, respectively, compared to diesel. The NOx emissions increased by 13.7% with biodiesel blends, but AME20 exhibited the lowest increase of only 2.1%. Additionally, AME20 showed the highest brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of 30.3% and the lowest HC, CO, and smoke emissions among all the blends. Further experiments revealed that adding LA200 mg to a 20% blend of biodiesel in a low heat rejection engine resulted in even more significant improvements.

Performance Improvement and Emission Reduction Potential of Blends of Hydrotreated Used Cooking Oil, Biodiesel and Diesel in a Compression Ignition Engine

The positive effect of decarbonizing the transport sector by using bio-based fuels is high. Currently, biodiesel and ethanol are the two biofuels that are blended with fossil fuels. Another technology, namely, hydroprocessing, is also gaining momentum for producing biofuels. Hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) produced using this process is a potential drop-in fuel due to its improved physiochemical properties. This study aimed to reduce the fossil diesel content by blending 20% and 30% HVO and 5%, 10% and 15% waste cooking oil biodiesel on a volume basis. The blends were used to conduct a thorough performance examination of a single-cylinder compression ignition engine. The thermal efficiency of the engine was enhanced by the addition of biodiesel to the blend. The efficiency increased as the proportion of biodiesel in the mix increased, although it was still less efficient than diesel. The maximum improvement in thermal efficiency of 4.35% was observed with 20% blending of HVO and 15% blending of biodiesel compared with 20% blending of HVO and diesel. However, the HC (decrease of 30%), CO (decrease of 23.5%) and smoke (decrease of 21.1%) emissions were observed to be the lowest with 30% blending of HVO and 15% blending of biodiesel. A fuzzy-logic-based Taguchi method and Grey’s method were then applied to find the best blend of HVO, biodiesel and diesel. The combination of the two methods made it easier to carry out multi-objective optimization. The brake thermal efficiency (BTE), smoke and NO emissions were selected as the output parameters to optimize the HVO and biodiesel blend. The optimization study showed that 30% blending of HVO and 15% blending of biodiesel was the best blend, which was authenticated using the confirmation experiment.

Study on spray and combustion characteristics of Fischer-Tropsch diesel/biodiesel blends in a constant volume chamber

Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) diesel synthesized from coal is a promising alternate fuel for diesel engines. Because F-T diesel has low viscosity and does not contain oxygen, biodiesel is added to F-T diesel in this study to increase the viscosity and oxygen content of F-T diesel. In this study, the effects of adding different proportions of biodiesel (20% and 50% in volume) to F-T diesel on spray and combustion characteristics are investigated using constant volume chamber (CVC). The experimental results show that among petro-diesel, F-T diesel, and biodiesel, F-T diesel has the best evaporation performance and biodiesel has the worst. When biodiesel is added to F-T diesel, the evaporative property of the fuel becomes worse. At the ambient temperature of 773K, the liquid spray projected area of FB20 and FB50 increase by 28.9% and 64.9%, respectively, compared with FT100. Compared with petro-diesel, F-T diesel and biodiesel have shorter ignition delay and flame lift-off length. In addition, the flame temperature and KL of biodiesel are significantly lower. After blending biodiesel with F-T diesel, the ignition delay and flame lift-off length gradually increase, which will be beneficial for air fuel mixing. In addition, adding biodiesel will lower the flame temperature and KL. Compared with F100, the KL of FB20 and FB50 decrease by 7.4% and 20.2%, respectively.

Utilization of renewable biodiesel blends with different proportions for the improvements of performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine

This work investigated and compared the impact on performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine fueled with five different proportions of biodiesel blends. Firstly, the three-dimensional simulation software CONVERGE was used to create a 3D simulation model of in-cylinder combustion for a diesel engine. Secondly, the experimental data of cylinder pressure and NOx emissions at 50% and 100% loads were employed to verify the simulation model. Finally, the combustion processes of blends with proportions of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% biodiesel were simulated and compared by using the model. The study showed that the brake thermal efficiencies (BTEs) of biodiesel blends with 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% of biodiesel were increased by 1.24%, 1.89%, 3.13%, and 3.82% at 50% load, respectively, compared with pure diesel. In addition, the soot emissions were decreased by 1.20%, 2.64%, 3.88%, and 4.65%, respectively. However, as the proportion of biodiesel in the biodiesel blends increased, the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and NOx emissions increased. At 50% load, the BSFCs of biodiesel blends with 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% of biodiesel increased by 0.61%, 1.34%, 1.42%, and 2.17%, respectively, compared with pure diesel. Additionally, the brake powers (BPs) were decreased by 0.64%, 1.31%, 1.88%, and 2.62% at 100% load, respectively.

Evaluation of engine characteristics of a micro-gas turbine powered with JETA1 fuel mixed with Afzelia biodiesel and dimethyl ether (DME)

The use of Jet fuels in micro gas turbines results in high fuel consumption and increased gaseous emissions which in turn causes environmental pollution. In this study, a fixed proportion of Afzelia-Africana biodiesel (A) was mixed with dimethyl-ether (B) and Jet A1 (J) fuel of varying proportions, A10B10J80 (10% biodiesel, 10% dimethyl-ether, 80% Jet fuel), A10B15J75 (10% biodiesel, 15% dimethyl-ether, 75% Jet fuel), and A10B20J70 (10% biodiesel, 20% dimethyl-ether, 70% Jet fuel) in a bid to produce a fuel of improved properties. Their properties were compared with those of their pristine forms by testing the fuels in the gas turbine in order to ascertain the resulting engine emissions, thrust and thrust specific fuel consumption. Compared to the JETA1 fuel, the A10B10J80 fuel gave the best results in terms of engine speed, thrust (37 N) and thrust specific fuel consumption (4.3/h vs 5/h); the CO2, NOx, and CO emissions were lower for the blended fuels compared to those of the JET fuel. The A10B15J75 and A10B20J70 fuels gave 3 and 4.5% lower thrusts respectively, while the A10B10J80 fuel gave 3% increase in static thrust with a 14% reduction in its thrust-specific fuel consumption over the JET A1 fuel.

Suitability of kusum biodiesel blends as an alternate fuel for a single cylinder diesel engine

In this present work, investigate the suitability experimentally of kusum biodiesel blends as an alternate fuel for diesel engine. Experiments are conducted on a single cylinder diesel engine under various load conditions while varying the proportions of kusum biofuel. The kusum biodiesel blends prepared in this study are 10% kusum biofuel and 90% diesel (K-10 D-90), 20% kusum biofuel and 80% diesel (K-20 D-80), 30% kusum biofuel and 70% diesel (K-30 D-70), and 40% kusum biofuel and 60% diesel (K-40 D-60), respectively. Performance and emissions characteristics are analysed in terms of brake thermal efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption, HC, CO and NOx emissions. The brake thermal efficiency of the engine fuelled with kusum biodiesel blends initially increases with increasing proportion of kusum biodiesel up to 20%. Then after increase in kusum biofuel proportion in the fuel the engine performance decreases. Compared to emissions from neat diesel fuel (CO and HC), emissions from kusum biodiesel blends are decreased. However, the NOx emissions are increased. The results suggest that the 20% kusum biofuel and 80% diesel (K-20 D-80) blend is the optimal blend.

Effects on the performance and emission characteristics of CRDI diesel engine fueled with ethanol, acid oil methyl ester biodiesel and diesel blends

The present investigation of utilizing biodiesel as an alternative additive for diesel and ethanol for diesel engines. Biodiesel blended with diesel or ethanol using 50 vol% biodiesel and by varying 04 vol%, 08 vol%, 12 vol% and 16 vol% ethanol with 46 vol%, 42 vol%, 38% vol and 34% vol diesel blend on 4-stroke 4-Cylinder, Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDI) Diesel engine. The experimental results showed that the fuel properties of the blend met the requirements of a diesel engine, although a trend towards more carbon residue was observed with increasing proportion of biodiesel. Studies have shown that with increasing alcohol content in the mixture, brake thermal efficiency decreases, BSFC increases, CO and HC emissions increase while NOx emissions decrease. As the engine speed increased from 1200 to 1800 rpm, BTE continued to increase, but CO and HC emissions decreased, while NOx emissions increased significantly.