Prophylactic Examination Research Articles

Method of measurement of the latent period of human visual perception

The main function of the pupil of the human eye is to limit the incident light flux at the level of the retina. The pupil reaction mechanism maintains the light flux parameters within the dynamic range of visual receptors. The range of variation of the eye pupil diameter is from 1.8 to 7.5 ram. This corresponds to a 17-fold change in the radiant power at the level of the retina. However, this mechanism alone is not enough to provide human eye adaptation to the whole range of changes in ambient illuminance (from 2-10 -6 to 2-105 cd/m2). In addition to eye pupil accommodation, a variety of photochemical processes in photoreceptors and specific processes in the visual cortex also contribute to this adaptation. Visual analyzer reaction to changes in ambient illuminance is somewhat delayed because the processes involved in visual perception (photochemical reactions in receptors, transmission of nerve pulses, excitation of intermediate centers and the visual cortex, etc.) take certain times [1]. The visual perception latent period (LP) substantially depends on the psychoemotional status of a given person. A large number of objective and subjective methods are designed to measure the pupil reflex [5]. These methods provide a sufficiently comprehensive description of pupillary reaction (PR). The PR self-detection method [4] provides qualitative estimates of specific PR features. The process of PR detection consists of two stages: period of PR development and period of perception of pupil diameter changes. It should be noted that changes in eye pupil diameter include radial movement of stimulus along the eye retina. The perception of this process in the human eye is insufficiently understood [3]. On the other hand, in some cases perception parameters are distinctly associated with PR. For example, the method of stimulation of perception of a test object stabilized relative to the retina is based on the fact that eye pupil diameter changes cause restoration of image perception that disappeared as a result of visual field changes [2]. Measurements of test object perception LP is an important problem not only in visual analyzer studies [6] but also in the development of methods of objective assessment of subjective psychophysiological parameters. However, none of the existing methods of PR detection can be used for solving a broad range of psychophysiological problems, including mass-scale prophylactic examinations and vocational testing. The goal of this work was to develop an ergonomic method of measurement of PR perception LP and to study specific dynamic features of this parameter in humans.

Risk or chance - factors which are important in women's choice of participation or not in the prophylactic examination for cervical cancer

International Journal of Gynecology & ObstetricsVolume 70, Issue S5 p. E29-E29 Free communication Obstetrics and gynecology health delivery Risk or chance - factors which are important in women's choice of participation or not in the prophylactic examination for cervical cancer U. Jeppesen, U. JeppesenSearch for more papers by this author U. Jeppesen, U. JeppesenSearch for more papers by this author First published: 11 December 2003 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7292(00)82432-7AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume70, IssueS52000Pages E29-E29 RelatedInformation

Adaptive computer examination system in prophylactic medical examination of pregnants

The experience of using in obstetric practice the adaptive computer technologies which make it possible to come to the true management decision is shown. The quality of diagnosis and prediction of pathologic states of pregnants increases, the risk groups are revealed more operative in using the examination system.

Morbidity with temporary disability among railway trasport workers

Morbidity with temporary disability among railroaders of the Kazan department of the Gorky Railroad calculating the basic indices in cases and days from 1994 to 1996 is analyzed. The tendency to the increase of the level of diseases and the increase of the average duration of disability on separate railway junctions and as a whole in Kazan are studied. The recommendations are as follows: provision of working places with lighter conditions of work for placement of persons with temporary disability, improvement of control of temporary disability examination; qualitative improvement of prophylactic medical examination of persons with ischemia heart disease, hypertension, gastric ulcer and rheumatism.

Ultrasonic scanners for screening thyroid diseases

1. Ultrasonic examination of thyroid and determination of the median of iodine excretion with urine form a necessary part of prophylactic thyroid examination of people living in ecologically unsafe regions or in regions exposed to the radioactive trail. 2. According to the median of iodine excretion, slight iodine deficiency was observed in children of the town of Novozybkov and Navlya settlement. This should be taken into account when developing prophylactic treatment for people living in these regions. 3. Thyroid volume increase was inconsistent with the median of iodine excretion in 10–15 year old children from the town of Karachev and Navlya settlement. In these cases, other factors such as exposure to ionizing radiation, deficiency of microelements, exposure to pesticides, etc. are responsible for the thyroid pathology. 4. Use of Medison model Eurica SA-600 ultrasonic scanners for thyroid pathology diagnosis allows assessment of thyroid volume and diagnosis of AIT and nodular goiter. 5. Medison model Eurica SA-600 ultrasonic scanners are recommended for aspiration puncture biopsy under ultrasonic monitoring.

Toxoplasmosis in High Risk Personell in Lithuania

1878 people of Lithuania were examined for toxoplasmosis by serological and clinical methods: i.e. country people and workers of the meat packing plant like high risk personell to be infected by toxoplasma and two control groups—blood donors and young soldiers in the first year of service. The highest percent of seropositive persons was among country people and workers of the meat packing plant (58,3±2,2% and 57,7±1,5% respectively). The main way of infection of all examined people was oral (most of all alimentary). Chronic toxoplasmosis was diagnosed for 9,9% of infected country people and for 11% of infected workers of the meat packing plant. The importance of prophylactic examination for toxoplasmosis of persons who have contacts with animals and their products, who consume raw meat, i.e. those who belong to high risk personell groups for toxoplasmosis, is pointed out.

Organization of therapeutic care, rehabilitation, and dispensary care for patients with septic diseases

The organization principles of combined and appropriate treatment, rehabilitation and prophylactic medical examination of patients with pyo-inflammatory diseases in the specialized antisepsis centre are presented. The work will be useful for physicians of polyclinics involved in rehabilitation of patients after surgical sepsis.

Status and prospects of rehabilitation of persons with radiation-chemical lesions in the Republic of Tatarstan

As many as 10 thousand of liquidators of the accident consequences at the Chernobyl nuclear power station, other radiation accidents as well as more than one thousand of their children live in Tatarstan Republic at present. Prophylactic medical examination shows the aggravation of their health. Medical and psychologic rehabilitation of liquidators of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power station and other radiation accidents in the special-purpose centre of medicosocial and psychologic rehabilitation using naturetherapy, psycho- and immunocorrection is optimum.

Role of consultation polyclinic in the improvement of the prophylactic medical examination of surdologic patients

The use of consultation polyclinic for the prophylactic medical examination of surdologic patients is presented. The results of the prophylactic medical examination of 2000 patients during 10 years show the efficacy of this new organizational form and the rational use of the functional diagnosis possibilities.

Centralized registration, prophylactic examination, and treatment results in improved prognosis in familial adenomatous polyposis. Results from the Danish Polyposis Register.

Over the last few decades numerous regional and national registers have been established all over the world with the aim of improving survival in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). The Danish Polyposis Register was founded in 1971 and coordinates the screening and subsequent prophylactic colectomy of FAP patients. The crude cumulative survival in 321 patients (205 probands and 116 call-up cases) with verified FAP was calculated in accordance with the life-table method. At the time of diagnosis of FAP only 2 of 116 (2%) had colorectal cancer versus 142 of 205 probands (69%). The 10-year cumulative survival was 94% (95% confidence limits, 89-99) in call-up cases compared with only 41% (34-49) in probands (p < 0.00001), and survival improved significantly (p < 0.00001) after the establishment of the Danish Polyposis Register. The establishment of a centralized polyposis register has resulted in a substantial improvement of the prognosis in FAP.

Problems of prophylactic medical examination and rehabilitation of citizens of Tatarstan Republik after irradiation in the elimination of radiation accidents

The radiation accidents in the South Urals and Chernobly present specific problems for public health of Tatarstan Rebublik. Among these is primarily the necessity to create the special-purpose prophylactic medical examination of the eliminators of radiation accidents. The conception to provide emergency medical service in radiation accidents in Tatarstan Republik is considered in connection with the initiation of technogenic contamination by radium-226 at a number of enterprises. The emphasis is on the suggestion to provide extrahospital medical service to the victims of radiation, chemical, transport accidents with regard to the possibilities of the Republik Center of emergency medical service of the Ministry of Publik Health of Tatarstan Republik.

Unsolved problems of specialized prophylactic medical examination of victims of emergency, occupational and medical exposures

Frequent natural disasters, man-made disasters and social upheavals significantly affect the quality of life and the ecological space in which we live. In the changed conditions, the shortcomings of health care and the higher medical school became obvious, which based their priorities on the concept of organopathological medicine.

Experience of the prophylactic medical examination of agricultural animals and sanitary examination of foodstuffs at the region suffering from the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station

The nature of thyroid changes determined pathohistologically in agricultural animals allowed to be oriented in the contamination density of the region by iod-131 providing support by aerogammaspectrometry data. Nearly complete thyroid aplasia of cattle corresponding to the dose load on it in 300500 Sv occured at the regions where the contamination density by iod-131 reached 2,4 MBq/m2.

Automated systems for mass prophylactic examination: Advantages and disadvantages

Automated systems for mass prophylactic examination: Advantages and disadvantages

Mass screening in occupational health from the practitioner's viewpoint

A practicing occupational physician presents his view of meaningful prophylactic examinations. Requirements for these examinations are summarized in 7 postulates: that priority be given to primary prevention, to efficiency, and to medical and occupational history taking, that conclusions from these examinations always be transformed into concrete measures at the workplace, that continuing bilateral exchange of information with the supervising governmental authorities be assured, that synergistic effects be taken advantage of for the goals of general preventive medicine, and that the collected data be evaluated epidemiologically.

Anthropometric devices for mass prophylactic examinations

Anthropometric devices for mass prophylactic examinations

Scope for the ?eye ? hand? psychophysiological test in screening for cerebrovascular insufficiency

1. During performance of the “eye ” hand” PPT the reaction time to input signals at the same time contains information on the trend and level of noise and pulsation of the afferent and efferent pathways of the CNS in man. 2. The “eye — hand” PPT is best performed for detecting subjects with possible CVI, and also to determine the precise degree of its severity. 3. Introduction of the “eye — hand” PPT during mass prophylactic examinations is of economic importance because it enables the early discovery of abnormalities of the workers' health and optimal implementation of the tests in industry characterized by two or three shifts.

A randomized controlled trial on the effect of an information booklet for young families in Denmark

The aim of the study was to describe young families' illness-behavior in connection with minor illness in children aged 0–8 years, and to assess the effect of delivered written health education. The effectiveness of written health education in the management of minor illness was evaluated by a randomized controlled trial. One hundred young families from one group practice were allocated at random to a study group and a control group. The study group received written health education. Health education resulted in more self-treatment and fewer contacts with the general practitioner (GP), and the families indicated worry less often as the main reason for consulting the GP. The GPs′ assessment of the appropriateness of the families' consultations showed no significant differences between the study and the control groups. It is recommended that GPs, in connection with prophylactic child examinations, hand over a patient education manual. This manual could form the basis for a dialogue between the GP and the parents when their child becomes ill.

A case-control study of cervical cytology before diagnosis of cervical cancer in Denmark.

The number of previous vaginal smear examinations in 428 patients who developed invasive cancer of the cervix was compared with previous screening in age- and area-matched controls. The average age was 53 years. There was a highly significant difference in the numbers who had never undergone screening, ie 55% of the cancer patients and 33% of the controls. Equally there was a highly significant difference between cases and controls in the number examined according to recommended guidelines for prophylactic examination. It was shown that about 40% of the cytological tests were done for gynaecological reasons, and it is probable that the number of false negatives among the cases was not negligible. Despite this, however, regular screening reduced the relative risk of cancer to about 0.25, compared with those never examined. When only symptomless patients were considered in the assessment of regular screening, the relative risk was reduced to 0.15 in patients screened every three years. Even the group which was screened more than five years previously had a relative reduction in risk to 0.67, compared with those never screened. It is concluded that PAP-smears are important in the prevention of cancer of the cervix. The greatest need is to eliminate the group which is never examined. An increase in the number of screenings has only a marginal benefit.

The incidence and prevalence of familial polyposis coli in Denmark.

Based on the Danish Polyposis Register, the frequency of familial polyposis coli was estimated at the end of 1982. The mean annual incidence rate of polyposis coli has remained rather constant at approximately 1 X 10(-6) X yr-1 since the forties. The life-time risk of developing polyposis coli is about 1 X 10(-4). The point prevalence rate was 26 X 10(-6) at the end of 1982. The number of cases found in sibs and children of probands made it probable that a nation-wide prophylactic examination of first degree relatives resulted in a complete identification of affected family members. The completeness of the Danish Polyposis Register in the period 1976-82 was estimated to be 90% and the validity of the diagnosis is considered to be 100%.