Too good to be true? China's new conceptual scheme for data property rights

Disrupting the information order in health care: Institutions, policy regimes, and the value of data.

Attention to, and precision in, how property rights are analysed should be cardinal to research in urban political economy. This methodology is presented in Obeng-Odoom and Haila (2024) , the focus of W.C. Lai's (2025) rejoinder. Contrary to Lai's claim that our work misquoted or misunderstood his position, a close reading of the relevant texts indicates otherwise. Instead, Lai's response reflects a particular interpretation of property rights that privileges private property and Coasian traditions, often at the expense of recognising community-based and uncertified land systems, particularly in the Global South. This sequel to the debate demonstrates that the alleged ‘misquotes’ are in fact accurate, and that some of the conclusions in Lai's work rest on unsubstantiated views. We argue that property rights scholarship benefits from open debate across traditions, but suggest that alternatives to the ideology of private property deserve fuller recognition. In this spirit, the article offers a counterpoint to Lai's position by highlighting the importance of original institutional political economy in the analysis of property and property rights. • Attention to, and precision in, how property rights are analysed are critical in research on cities. • Response to the article by Lai's (2025) • Claims carefully considered. • Property rights scholarship benefits from this kind of open debate across traditions, • But I suggest that alternatives to the ideology of private property deserve fuller recognition.

Who owns the minerals in polluted mine water? Property rights and institutional barriers to rare earth elements recovery from acid mine drainage

Pros and cons of Swedish law on intellectual property rights.

With the rapid development of digital economy, as a new core factor of production, the economic value and importance of data elements have become increasingly prominent, playing a key role in promoting economic growth, enhancing the competitiveness of enterprises and optimizing the allocation of resources. However, the economic characteristics of data elements make the identification of assets face many challenges, including the vague definition of property rights and the difficulty of value evaluation. In the context of the marketization of data elements, this paper analyzes the economic characteristics of data elements and combines with the reality of China to provide a theoretical framework and practical path for enterprises to construct the identification and confirmation of enterprise data elements assets. Starting from the theoretical basis of data element asset identification, this paper analyzes the development status and challenges of data element asset identification in China by combining qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis, and explores possible coping strategies, which provides a reference for building a scientific and rational data element asset identification system and a practical path for enterprises to identify data element assets.

Local governments are key actors in driving urban renewal. To implement urban renewal initiatives, in-depth research into their policy backgrounds, institutional characteristics, and governance logic is essential. Traditional policy analysis often neglects the value dimension, which undermines the effectiveness of embedding informal institutional values. To complement existing research, this study examines 50 urban renewal policy documents issued in Guangzhou between 1978 and 2025. Using content analysis and grounded theory methods, this study incorporates the value dimension into the traditional “supply–demand–environment” policy analysis framework to examine local governments’ policy preferences in urban renewal, and to interpret its governance logic from the perspective of Williams’ four-level framework. The findings are as follows: (1) Guangzhou’s urban renewal has formed a policy system centered on supply-side policies, supported by environmental policy improvements, with value embedding, demand-driven measures, and multi-dimensional guidance as supplementary components. Local governments show a distinct preference for supply-oriented policy tools. (2) Guangzhou’s urban renewal policies present a pyramid structure with resource allocation at the core and governance structure as the foundation. The policies focus on the optimal allocation of land resources, collaborative actions among government, market, and society, the deep integration of public values, the clarification of property rights rules, and the application of digital technologies. (3) The governance logic of urban renewal forms a four-tier progressive closed-loop: from value anchoring to rule linkage, then to multi-stakeholder collaboration, and finally to factor empowerment, establishing a systematic governance mechanism that balances people-centricity and efficiency. Accordingly, urban renewal should prioritize value embedding and cultural preservation, balance investment in physical assets and human capital, optimize governance structures and policy mixes, coordinate the roles of an effective market and a capable government, improve supply–demand matching and the efficiency of resource allocation, and adjust the complementarity and applicability of policy tools.

The purpose of this article is to reconstruct Hoppean argumentation ethics by making explicit its fundamental elements and presenting a more refined and cogent formulation of it—particularly through the introduction of the concepts of monstration and decision —and to show how it proves property rights without committing the naturalistic fallacy or assuming value judgments. The article consists of three parts. In the first, we present the key concepts of the thesis and the sense in which they must be understood. In the second part, we show that there are norms inherent to every discursive act and show the existence of one of these norms in particular—the self-ownership axiom. In the third part, we demonstrate property rights based on the self-ownership axiom in conjunction with the concept of action.

Abstract This article explores the emergence of tax planning from the 20s to the 70s, focusing on the interplay between national tax policies and tax practices, corporate strategies, and international regulatory frameworks. Using well-documented examples of Thyssen and its successor companies’ tax issues, the analysis indicates how multinational firms exploited tax incentives, navigated legal grey areas, and shifted assets through holding structures to minimize tax burdens. It contributes to current research on the history of tax (avoidance) and considers the corporate level, which has been little researched to date. In view of the comparatively long period under investigation, it sheds light on the rationale behind tax avoidance – for companies and tax authorities alike. Tax avoidance was often not the primary objective but rather a by-product of decisions driven by political and economic considerations, such as securing property rights or financing international operations. It was only with the second wave of globalization in the 1970s that tax optimization increasingly became a central corporate goal. Combining micro-historical case studies with a macro-historical perspective on the development of the global tax architecture, this work illustrates how companies and states, through the dynamic of tax (dis)incentives and regulation, jointly shaped the landscape of international taxation – and of tax avoidances practices.

This study critically examines the impact of the Uniform Civil Code (UCC) on the legal status of Muslim women in India, with special reference to gender justice under Muslim Personal Law. The research analyzes the existing legal framework governing Muslim women in matters of marriage, divorce, maintenance, inheritance, and custody, primarily under the Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act, 1937 and related statutes. It further evaluates whether the present personal law system ensures substantive equality in light of constitutional principles such as equality before law (Article 14), prohibition of discrimination (Article 15), right to life and dignity (Article 21), and the Directive Principle under Article 44, which encourages the State to secure a Uniform Civil Code. The study adopts a doctrinal and analytical research methodology based on constitutional provisions, statutory enactments, and landmark judicial decisions. Important cases such as Mohd. Ahmed Khan v. Shah Bano Begum, Danial Latifi v. Union of India, and Shayara Bano v. Union of India are examined to understand the evolving judicial approach toward gender justice in personal law matters. These judgments demonstrate the significant role played by the judiciary in harmonizing personal laws with constitutional values. A comparative analysis between Muslim and Hindu personal laws highlights both progress and disparities. While reforms in Hindu law, particularly after the Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005, have strengthened women’s property rights and ensured formal equality, certain aspects of Muslim Personal Law—such as polygamy and unequal inheritance shares—continue to raise concerns regarding substantive gender justice. At the same time, internal reforms within Muslim law and progressive judicial interpretation have improved the legal position of Muslim women in areas such as maintenance and protection from arbitrary divorce.

Land registration systems are fundamental for maintaining legal ownership records and ensuring property rights. However, conventional land registration systems rely on centralized authorities and manual record management, making them vulnerable to fraud, unauthorized modification, corruption, and data inconsistency. Manipulation of land records often results in ownership disputes, delayed transactions, and loss of public trust in land administration authorities. This paper proposes a Blockchain-Based Secure Land Registration System that provides transparency, immutability, and integrity for land ownership records. The system records land transactions in a blockchain ledger where each transaction is cryptographically linked using the SHA-256 hashing algorithm. Smart contracts are employed to automate ownership transfer and enforce predefined rules, reducing reliance on intermediaries. The proposed framework ensures tamper detection, verifiable ownership history, and secure record management. The system is lightweight, cost-effective, and suitable for institutional and governmental land administration. The implementation demonstrates that blockchain technology significantly enhances trust, transparency, and reliability in land registration processes.

ABSTRACT Esports has become an important phenomenon of the digital age. Despite the rapid development of the esports industry, its legal regulation involves numerous issues. One of the key issues is the monopoly position of video game IP rightsholders who have exclusive rights to their products, which in turn limits the development of independent esports disciplines. This article analyses the factors that contribute to monopolisation in esports; it considers legal and economic models of combating monopoly, and it develops recommendations for improving legislative regulation of this area. It also analyses practical examples, suggests new approaches to optimising legal regulation for esports in EU law, and examines ways to achieve a balance between protecting the rights of video game rightsholders and players (esportspeople) on one side, and the freedom to develop independent esports disciplines on the other.

Achieving rural social sustainability requires both income growth and a reduction in rural income inequality. Strengthening farmland property rights is widely expected to contribute to these goals, yet the evidence remains limited. Building on a “property rights–factor allocation–income” framework, this study uses rural micro panel data from CHARLS (2011–2018) and combines two-way fixed effects with a chain multiple-mediation model to examine how farmland property rights strength (FPRS) relates to these outcomes. The results show the following: (i) FPRS has a dual total effect, raising household per capita income (0.683) while reducing the Gini coefficient (−0.032); (ii) effect decomposition indicates that the impacts are dominated by the direct effect, accounting for 96.47% and 98.37% of the total effects on per capita income and the Gini coefficient, respectively; (iii) the indirect transmission is structurally asymmetric, with income growth relying on seven “independent–chain” mediation paths involving land, labor, and capital, whereas inequality convergence operates only through farmland transfer-out and (iv) stronger property rights further reshape income composition by activating both agricultural and non-agricultural income through differentiated direct effects and mediated paths. This study identifies underlying mechanisms and offers policy implications for strengthening the direct effect of farmland property rights reform and improving factor allocation channels to achieve rural social sustainability outcomes.

Abstract Data have become the most important resource in the digital economy, and a legal framework may be needed to promote data sharing and exploit the value of data on the market, especially in the context of the development of the Internet of Things and AI. However, the right way to achieve this is subject to different approaches in legislation and data governance concepts centring around ownership in data. After extensive discussions, the EU chose not to establish exclusive rights for data but instead created a user-centred data access right against data holders. In contrast, China, as a civil law country, adopted a concept from common law systems, borrowing the ‘bundle of rights’ concept from property rights to establish a new form of data property rights. This paper examines in detail China’s emerging data property rights regime and analyses the concept in dogmatic terms. A comparison will also be made with the EU’s data access approach. While both systems face the same problems of solving conflicting interests, the two data rights systems differ significantly in terms of legal instruments to effectuate data sharing. This paper argues that the EU’s data access rights might offer valuable insights into China’s developing framework. At the same time, the Chinese approach may provide inspiration should the EU re-examine its own approach and revisit its intellectual property legislation concerning raw and derived data in the future.

Abstract Chile’s pension privatization represents one of the most radical neoliberal experiments in social security reform, reshaping welfare from a collective right into a market-driven, property-based entitlement. This Article examines how the constitutionalization of pension privatization entrenched inequalities, shielding the system from democratic contestation and embedding a logic of over-propertization, where private property rights supersede social rights. Drawing on a Law and Political Economy (LPE) approach, explicitly concerned with the distributional consequences of legal design, this study traces how, during the Pinochet dictatorship (1973–90), Chile’s 1980 Constitution, and Decree Law 3500 institutionalized financialization and individual responsibility, transforming social security into an asset class managed by private pension fund administrators (AFPs). By legally structuring private capitalization accounts as financial assets with attributes such as ownership, transferability, and enforceability, these frameworks granted private actors control over investment management and risk distribution. The analysis highlights challenges to reversing this model, as judicial claims, pension fund withdrawals during COVID-19, and two failed constitution-making processes reveal legal and political constraints on reform. It examines legislative efforts, judicial interpretations, and collective mobilizations—such as the No+AFP campaign—seeking to restore solidarity. It also explores legitimation strategies, including the discourse of “popular capitalism” and the institutional entrenchment of AFPs within Chile’s political economy. By framing pension privatization as a constitutional and legal project rather than mere economic policy, this Article underscores the global consequences of over-propertization and the urgency of reimagining social rights. In doing so, it contributes to a growing body of LPE scholarship that treats constitutions as terrains of economic power, exposing how legal frameworks both encode and contest neoliberal orders.

This community service activity aims to design a prototype of a web-based Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) registration information system at the South Sumatra Provincial Industry Office as an effort to support the improvement of public service quality. The main problem faced by partners is the manual registration and management process for IPR data, which has the potential to cause service delays, data recording errors, and difficulties in monitoring the status of IPR applications. This condition requires an information technology-based solution that can improve the efficiency, effectiveness, and transparency of services. The method used in this community service activity is the prototype method, which includes the stages of problem identification, user needs analysis, system design, and initial evaluation of the resulting prototype. The designed information system prototype includes features for online IPR registration, applicant and document data management, and application status monitoring. The results of the activity indicate that the IPR registration information system prototype is able to provide an overview of digital solutions that are in accordance with partner needs and have the potential to improve service efficiency and ease of data management. This activity is expected to become the basis for the development of a more comprehensive and sustainable IPR information system within the South Sumatra Provincial Industry Office.

Whether (1) vaccines produced in response to a pandemic should be considered "global public goods" and whether (2) Big Pharma companies should waive intellectual property rights for pandemic disease vaccines are important questions in global health ethics and public health policy. The extended argument advanced here (a) affirms such vaccines are global public goods and (b) supports those among low- and middle-income nations who, during the COVID-19 pandemic, proposed waiver of intellectual property rights. As a matter of distributive justice, we argue that (c) Big Pharma, national regulatory agencies, and international intergovernmental organizations such as the World Health Organisation and the World Trade Organisation have a moral responsibility to ensure developing countries have equitable access to pandemic vaccines. Hence, (d) there should be appropriate technology transfer for production and distribution of pandemic-responsive vaccines in these nations.

<p>The generational improvement has significantly converted several industries, and the area of intellectual property rights (IPR) isn’t any exception. IPRs, being as important as they are, need to be securely managed in some way. Blockchain, with its decentralized and immutable nature, gives a promising answer for enhancing the management of intellectual property (IP). This paper explores the strategic integration of blockchain generation for the control of IPR. The proposed system consists of a complete system, from registration and validation to predictive evaluation and royalty distribution, all facilitated through clever contracts. The use of zero-knowledge proofs guarantees the safety and confidentiality of sensitive information. The paper discusses the advantages and future implications of implementing this type of device.</p>

Governing property rights and extractivism in the Nordics under the European Union's Critical Raw Materials Act

The impact of property rights system on agricultural ecological value: Evidence from 1848 counties in China