Properties Of Water-soluble Polysaccharides Research Articles

Structural and Biological Properties of Water Soluble Polysaccharides from Lotus Leaves: Effects of Drying Techniques.

In the present study, the influence of five drying techniques on the structural and biological properties of polysaccharides from lotus leaves (LLPs) was investigated. Results revealed that the yields, contents of basic chemical components, molecular weights, and molar ratios of compositional monosaccharides of LLPs varied by different drying technologies. Low molecular weight distributions were observed in polysaccharides obtained from lotus leaves by hot air drying (LLP-H), microwave drying (LLP-M), and radio frequency drying (LLP-RF), respectively. The high contents of bound polyphenolics were measured in LLP-H and LLP-M, as well as polysaccharides obtained from lotus leaves by vacuum drying (LLP-V). Furthermore, both Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of LLPs were similar, indicating that drying technologies did not change their basic chemical structures. Besides, all LLPs exhibited obvious biological properties, including in vitro antioxidant capacities, antiglycation activities, and inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase. Indeed, LLP-H exhibited higher 2,2-azidobisphenol (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging ability (IC50 values, LLP-H, 0.176 ± 0.004 mg/mL; vitamin C, 0.043 ± 0.002 mg/mL) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrate phenyl) hydrazine radical scavenging ability (IC50 values, LLP-H, 0.241 ± 0.007 mg/mL; butylated hydroxytoluene, 0.366 ± 0.010 mg/mL) than others, and LLP-M exerted stronger antiglycation (IC50 values, LLP-M, 1.023 ± 0.053 mg/mL; aminoguanidine, 1.744 ± 0.080 mg/mL) and inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase (IC50 values, LLP-M, 1.90 ± 0.02 μg/mL; acarbose, 724.98 ± 16.93 μg/mL) than others. These findings indicate that both hot air drying and microwave drying can be potential drying techniques for the pre-processing of lotus leaves for industrial applications.

Antioxidant, anticoagulant and mosquitocidal properties of water soluble polysaccharides (WSPs) from Indian seaweeds

Abstract Water Soluble Polysaccharides (WSP) from three selected Indian seaweeds were extracted and fractionated by Ion Exchange Chromatography (IEC) to yield fractionated polysaccharides (FPs). Structural characterization of the FPs was performed using FT-IR and UV-Visible spectroscopy and the antioxidant properties were evaluated by total antioxidant, 2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Hydrogen Peroxide radical scavenging (H2O2) assays. FPs from Gracilaria filiforms demonstrated higher glucose, protein, moisture and essential mineral compositions. FPs from Gracilaria filiforms also exhibited higher scavenging activities in all the antioxidant assays. FPs from all the three seaweeds exhibited commendable anticoagulant activities. FPs from Gracilaria filiforms exhibited the maximum larvicidal activity on Anopheles stephensi (LC50 = 0.255867 mg/L) followed by Turbinaria conoides on Aedes aegypti (LC50 = 0.174348 mg/L) and Enteromorpha compressa on Culex quinquefasciatus (LC50 = 0.11175 mg/L). The results strongly establish the potentials of the FPs from the three selected Indian seaweeds as alternate functional foods and nutraceutical entities as well as mosquitocidal agents in future.

Extraction, purification and properties of water-soluble polysaccharides from mushroom Lepista nuda.

Lepista nuda has high nutritional and medicinal value, especially has high antioxidant, antitumor and antiviral activities. Based on results of single factor experiment, response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction conditions of polysaccharides (LNP). Macroporous resin D301 was used to decolorization, and its technological conditions were determined by orthogonal experiment. In addition, two novel polysaccharides (LNP-1, LNP-2) were purified by DEAE Cellulose-52 and Sephadex G-150 chromatography. The molecular weight of LNP-1 is 11,703Da, mainly composed of mannose, glucose, galactose, xylose, arabinose and fucose, while the molecular weight of LNP-2 is 13,369Da, mainly composed of mannose, glucose, galactose, arabinose and fucose. The polysaccharide contents of crude LNP, LNP-1 and LNP-2 were 70.60%, 87.71% and 81.20% respectively, and the protein contents were 1.72%, 0.97% and 0.68% respectively. Their sulfuric contents were 3.39%, 5.02% and 8.64%, and uronic acid contents were 3.66%, 5.56% and 6.80%, respectively. Further studies showed that their ability to chelate iron ions, scavenge DPPH (1,1‑diphenyl‑2‑picrylhydrazyl) free radicals and scavenge superoxide anion radicals were 70.09%, 55.94% and 36.64% respectively. They showed strong ability to scavenge free radicals in a concentration-dependent manner. LNP is expected to be developed as a new efficacy factor in the food industry.

Effects of different extraction temperatures on the physicochemical properties of bioactive polysaccharides from Grifola frondosa.

This study examined the effects of different extraction temperatures (70°C, 100°C and 121°C) on the physicochemical properties of water soluble polysaccharides (WSP; GF70, GF100 and GF121, respectively) from Grifola frondosa (GF) fruiting bodies, and evaluating their effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Results showed that GF121 had the highest yield. GF70, GF100 and GF121 contained a similar monosaccharide composition and the predominant monosaccharide was glucose. These polysaccharides contained two major macromolecular populations; the high molecular weight population showed a clear trend of reduced molecular weight with increasing extraction temperature. GF121 contained the highest amount of (1→3, 1→6)-β-d-glucans, while the degree of branching in all samples was similar. GF WSP possessed NO inhibitory activity, and the strongest was GF121. This study concludes that WSP are good sources of food ingredients, and high temperature extraction could improve the quantity and quality of GF WSP.

Influences of Ulva fasciata polysaccharide on the rheology and stabilization of cinnamaldehyde emulsions

Emulsifying properties of water soluble polysaccharides from Ulva fasciata (UFP) were evaluated in cinnamaldehyde/water emulsions in terms of droplet size distribution, rheological properties, visual phase separation, and zeta-potential. The cinnamaldehyde/water (10%, wt/wt) emulsions were formulated and stabilized by different concentrations of UFP (0.1–4%, wt/wt). The obtained emulsions showed monomodal droplet size distributions with average droplet size (D[3,2]) below 1.0μm, when 3% (wt/wt) UFP was added as the emulsifying agent under a homogenization pressure of 75MPa. The rheological properties and zeta-potential of the emulsions appeared to be dependent on the UFP concentration. Furthermore, the UFP exhibited better emulsifying and stabilizing properties in the investigated system when compared to other commercial polysaccharides of gum Arabic and gum Ghatti. The results also suggested that the emulsifying and stabilizing mechanism of the UFP may not only be ascribed to its surface-active protein moiety, but also to the hydrophobicity of the polysaccharide itself. These findings provided a theoretical basis for potential utilization of UFP as a novel hydrocolloid emulsifying agent.

Antioxidant and nitric oxide synthase activation properties of water soluble polysaccharides from Pleurotus florida

Antioxidant and nitric oxide synthase activation properties of water soluble polysaccharides from Pleurotus florida

Studies on the host-mediated antitumor polysaccharides. Part XIII. Antitumor activity and some properties of water-soluble polysaccharides from "Himematsutake," the fruiting body of Agaricus blazei Murill.

Polysaccharides extracted from Himematsutake, the fruiting body of Agaricus blazei Murill with hot water were fractionated and purified by ethanol precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography, gel-filtration, affinity chromatography, etc. A total of 17 polysaccharide samples thus obtained were given an antitumor activity test (Sarcoma 180/mice i.p. p.o. method) and traces of their activities through the fractionation and purification processes were found. FI0-a-β, FA-1-a-α, FA-1-a-β, and FA-2-b-β, were obtained as water soluble polysaccharides fractions having great antitumor activities. Analyses of physico-chemical properties and IR- and NMR-spectra of these active fractions showed that their main components were: FI0-a-β, (1→6)-; (1→3)-β-D-glucan; FA-1-a-α, acidic (1→6)-; (1→4)-α-D-glucan; FA-1-a-β, acidic (1→6)-; (1→3)-α-D-glucan; and FA-2-b-β, acidic RNA-protein complex.