Properties Of Stainless Steel Wires Research Articles

Effect of drawing and annealing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 304 austenitic stainless steel wire

Plastic deformation at room temperature, and the proceeding heat treatments, are important processes for optimizing the microstructure and mechanical properties of austenitic stainless steel. The microstructure and mechanical properties of cold-drawn 304 austenitic stainless steel wire were investigated after annealing at 700 °C and 800 °C, with different times (20, 40 and 60 min) and drawing strain (0.4, 1.0 and 1.5). Electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) techniques, transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and tensile tests were performed in order to study the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties during different annealing processes for the 304 austenitic stainless steel wire. The results showed that the quantity of α′ martensite and dislocations increased with an increase in the strain, which means that, while the ultimate tensile strength of the cold-drawn wires elevated, the elongation reduced. The mechanical properties of stainless steel wires also varied with the evolution of martensite transformation characteristics, density of stacking fault, dislocation and twin, as well as the recrystallization degree under various annealing conditions. The recrystallization temperature of steel wire was mainly determined by the magnitude of the strain, while the martensite reversal temperature was determined by the stacking fault energy and the deformation value. The temperature of recrystallization and martensite reverse in steel wire decreased with the increment of the strain. The balance of tensile strength and elongation of steel wire can be obtained by adopting the proper annealing process combined with cold-drawing deformation. In this paper, we showed that a good combination of strength and elongation in 304 austenitic stainless steel can be obtained with a strain of 1.5 annealed at 800 °C for 20 min.

Effect of heat treatment on the mechanical properties of stainless steel wire

The article is devoted to the study of the mechanical properties of austenitic stainless steel wire with a diameter of 1 mm after heat treatment. Mechanical properties were tested: strength and ductility of hardened and normalized stainless steel. According to the test results, it was found that heat treatment of steel allows obtaining maximum plasticity, while low strength, thus, it seems possible to use this heat treatment as a preparatory operation for the subsequent electric arc spraying of the wire and obtaining a spherical powder.

Production and Anisotropic Tensile Properties of Stainless Steel Wire Mesh/ZA8 Alloy Composites Produced by Squeeze Casting

Novel stainless steel/zinc alloy composites are produced by infiltrating ZA8 zinc alloy into rolled 304 stainless steel wire mesh preforms via squeeze casting. Microstructural characteristics of the composite are observed, and the uniaxial tensile properties at different temperatures are investigated. The tensile properties of the composites of sintered preforms are compared with those of the composites of unsintered preforms. The results indicate that the microstructures and tensile behavior of the composites exhibit anisotropy. The tensile strength of the composite in the longitudinal direction is higher than that in the radial direction and increases with increasing wire fraction. The tensile strength and elongation at the maximum stress of the composite are lower than those of the unreinforced ZA8 alloy tested at room temperature. At an elevated temperature, the tensile strength of the alloy is improved but ductility decreases after adding wire mesh with wire fraction more than a certain value. The strength and elastic modulus of the alloy and composites sharply decrease with an increase in testing temperatures. The tensile strength of the composite decreases after sintering preforms. The fracture surface of the composite shows anisotropy in different directions and different morphologies at different temperatures.

Axisymmetric finite element analysis of single fiber push-out test for stainless steel wire reinforced aluminum matrix composites

An axisymmetric cylindrical finite element (FE) model with wire-matrix interface is presented with the objective of evaluating the interfacial properties of stainless steel wire reinforced aluminum matrix composites. It consists of a wire of stainless spring steel 1.4310 (X10CrNi18-8), a matrix of aluminum alloy AA6060 and the interface. The FE model used to model the push-out test which has been developed over a number of years as a mean of quantifying the interfacial properties. The interface with a specified thickness is modeled using the cohesive layer concept where, in addition to the elastic parameters, a damage criterion based on the maximum nominal stress is also defined for the interface. Fracture energy is used to define the damage evolution which describes the rate at which material degrades, once the damage initiation criterion is met. The interface parameters are varied to adopt the model according to the experimental results reported in the past. The simulation results are in qualitative agreement with experimental results regarding the force–displacement graph. The simulation results obtained show the presence of compressive stresses at the top and tensile stresses at the bottom of the interface caused by the bending of the specimen. It indicates that, during fiber push-out test of metal matrix composites where thin-slice geometries are used, interfacial failure initiation favoured by tensile stress field, probably occurs at the bottom of the specimen even in the absence of thermally induced shear stresses. However, modeling the stepwise debonding of interface requires the more sophisticated implementation of interface behaviour concerning failure evolution and the friction between wire and the matrix.

Experimental Research on Influencing Factors of Basic Mechanical Properties of Stainless Steel Wire

The effects of drawing process, heat treatment temperature and drawing rate on the basic mechanical properties of stainless steel wire were studied by room temperature tensile test. Results indicated that with the increase of drawing passes, the tensile strength and the yield strength of stainless steel wire increased gradually and the elongation after fracture decreased gradually. With the increase of heat treatment temperature, the tensile strength decreased and the elongation after fracture increased gradually. Under the same heat treatment temperature, the tensile strength of the specimens treated by the two-drawing process was greater than that of those treated by the one-drawing process, while the elongation after fracture was less than that of those treated by the one-drawing process. The increase in drawing rate would increase the strength and modulus of elasticity of the stainless steel wire.

Effects of Heat Treatment on Mechanical Properties of Stainless Steel Wire

Effects of Heat Treatment on Mechanical Properties of Stainless Steel Wire

Autoclaving and clinical recycling: Effects on mechanical properties of orthodontic wires

About half of the orthodontists recycle and reuse orthodontic wires because of their costs. So when talking about reuse and sterilization of wires, their effects on mechanical properties of wires should be clarified. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of sterilization and clinical use on mechanical properties of stainless steel wires. Thirty stainless steel orthodontic wires were divided into three equal groups of control, autoclave (sterilized by autoclave), and recycle group (wires were used for orthodontic patients up to 4 weeks, cleaned by isopropyl alcohol and sterilized by autoclave). The mechanical properties (tensile test, three-point loading test for load-deflection curve) were determined. Fracture force, yield strength, stiffness and modulus of elasticity in recycle groups were significantly lower than the other groups (P < 0.05). Although recycle wires were softer than those of control group, relatively small differences and also various properties of available wires have obscured the clinical predictability of their application. There is seemingly no problem in terms of mechanical properties to recycle orthodontic wires.

Effect of stretching on the physical properties of stainless steel wire

Stretching of 25-gauge stainless steel wire causes alterations in the physical properties of the wire. The yield strength and ultimate tensile strength are increased and the elasticity is decreased. These alterations make stretched wire more satisfactory for maxillofacial surgical applications than unstretched wire.