Properties Of Sol Research Articles

A comprehensive analysis of the structural, textural, and nanomechanical properties of sol–gel synthesized TiO2, Al2O3, and SiO2 nanoparticles

A comprehensive analysis of the structural, textural, and nanomechanical properties of sol–gel synthesized TiO2, Al2O3, and SiO2 nanoparticles

Studying the optical properties of assembled silver and gold nanoparticles for the purpose of creating SERS sensors

The optical properties of silver and gold sols with different sizes of nanoparticles and the method of their chemical deposition on the surface of silicon, silicon oxide, glass and aluminum foil were studied in order to obtain SERS substrates – promising platforms for the development of aptamer sensors and immunochemical analysis of various pathogens. It has been established that for operation on lasers with exciting radiation wavelengths of 532, 638 and 785 nm, it is possible to create universal SERS substrates based on colloidal solutions obtained by the liquid-phase chemical method with an average silver particle size of 40 nm and by the Leopold-Lendl method with an average size of 20 nm.

Effect of H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> and Phenol Additives on Gel Formation in Silica Fire Retardant Coatings for Building Materials

Increasing the fire resistance of wooden building structures is quite effectively ensured thanks to the development of fire-fighting compositions with aromatic components that contribute to the formation of a carbonized layer on the surface of the material during combustion. It is also known about the mutual positive influence of benzene fragments and phosphate-containing compounds on the fire-resistant characteristics of wood. The paper considers the possibility of complex use of phenol and orthophosphate acid to improve the flame retardant properties of SiO2-based coatings. The effect of modifying additives on the rheological properties of silicic acid sols was determined. Based on the results of IR spectroscopy, the influence of components on the nature of polycondensation in experimental SiO2 sols was evaluated. It is shown that the use of orthophosphate acid as a modifier leads to the initiation of predominantly linear polycondensation in experimental sols. It was established that small additions of phenol practically do not affect the course of polycondensation in experimental sols. Increasing the phenol content to 0.5% showed an effect on gel formation due to the possible addition of phenol to the skeletal silanol groups by the donor-acceptor mechanism, which makes it possible to have a synergistic effect of the complex additive of orthophosphate acid and phenol on the properties of the silica-containing flame retardant composition.

Effect of Post-annealing Temperature on Microstructural, Morphological and Optical Properties of Sol–gel Spin Coated Cu Doped SnO2 Thin Films

Effect of Post-annealing Temperature on Microstructural, Morphological and Optical Properties of Sol–gel Spin Coated Cu Doped SnO2 Thin Films

Comprehensive analysis of structural, dielectric, and electrical properties of sol–gel synthesized Ba-doped bismuth ferric titanate perovskite nanoparticles

Comprehensive analysis of structural, dielectric, and electrical properties of sol–gel synthesized Ba-doped bismuth ferric titanate perovskite nanoparticles

Experimental Study on the Gelling Properties of Nano-Silica Sol and Its Spontaneous Imbibition Grouting Mudstone

The low-permeability argillaceous rock mass is an unfavorable geological body commonly found in the construction process of underground engineering conditions such as roadways and tunnels. Due to the compact structure and low permeability of the rock mass, grouting with conventional materials cannot effectively seal the micro-cracks of the rock mass. Based on the low efficiency of high-pressure grouting of nano-silica sol, this paper preliminarily explores the regularities and mechanism of grouting and pore sealing of low-permeability rock mass under the action of silica sol imbibition from the aspects of gelling properties of silica sol, core pore structure, imbibition law, and pore sealing characteristics. The results show the following: (1) The increase in particle size during the gel process reduced the injectability and wettability of the silica sol. The imbibition properties of silica sol were time-varying, and the deterioration inflection points of injectability and wettability appeared at 10 h and 9 h, respectively. (2) Catalyst, temperature, gel process, and rock mass permeability will affect the law of core imbibition, and the injectability and capillary force of the grouting material and rock mass will jointly affect the imbibition process of silica sol. (3) Silica sol imbibition changed the pore size distribution of the core, the pore volume above 50 nm decreased, and the pore volume below 50 nm increased. Silica sol has multiple effects such as filling, adsorption, and percolation in the imbibition process of the micro-pores of rock mass, and the adsorption and percolation of silica are related to the nano micro-pores.

Effects of different protein cross-linking degrees on physicochemical and subsequent thermal gelling properties of silver carp myofibrillar proteins sol subjected to freeze-thaw cycles

Knowledge regarding the denaturation process and control methods for depolymerized sol-state myofibrillar proteins (MPs) during freezing remains scant. This study investigated the effects of protein cross-linking treatment before freezing on physicochemical and subsequent gelation properties of MPs sol subjected to freeze-thaw (F-T) cycles. Results indicated that after five F-T cycles, cross-linked MPs sols showed increased high molecular weight polymers and bound water (T21a and T21b) mobility, suggesting enhanced protein-protein interactions at the expense of protein-water interactions. Upon heating after F-T cycles, gels formed from cross-linked sols exhibited significantly higher hardness, springiness, and cooking loss (P < 0.05), alongside more contracted gel networks. Correlation analysis revealed that the formation and properties of thermal gel after freezing closely relate to changes in molecular conformation and chemical bonds of cross-linked MPs sol during freezing. This study provides new insights into regulating the freezing stability and post-thawed thermal processing properties of sol-based surimi products.

Uncovering quality changes of surimi-sol based products subjected to freeze–thaw process: The potential role of oxidative modification on salt-dissolved myofibrillar protein aggregation and gelling properties

Frozen surimi quality generally correlates with oxidation, but impacts of protein oxidation on salt-dissolved myofibrillar protein (MP) sol in surimi remain unclear. Hence, physicochemical and gelling properties of MP sol with different oxidation degrees were investigated subjected to freeze–thaw cycles. Results showed that mild oxidation (≤1 mmol/L) improved unfrozen MP gel quality with lowest cooking loss (3.29 %) and highest hardness (829.76 N). Whereas, oxidized sol suffering freeze-thawing degenerated severely, showing reduction of 23.85 % of salt soluble protein contents with H2O2 concentrations of 10 mmol/L. Shearing before heating influenced gelling properties of freeze-thawed sol, depending on oxidation levels. Oxidized gel with shearing displayed disorganized network structures, whereas gel without shearing displayed relatively complete appearances without holes under high oxidation condition (10 mmol/L). Overall, freeze–thaw process aggravated denaturation extents of MP sol subjected to oxidation, further causing high water loss and yellow color of heat-induced gel, especially to gel with shearing.

Свойства золей серебра в органических растворителях

Свойства золей серебра в органических растворителях

Modulation of sodium distribution and digestion properties in low salt myofibrillar protein gel incorporating γ-polyglutamic acid and transglutaminase: Conformation and microstructure

The weak gelling and poor digestion properties of myofibrillar protein (MP) under low-salt conditions constrain the development of functional sodium-reduced meat products. This study investigated how modification with γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) and transglutaminase (TG) cross-linking influences the conformation, gelation, and in vitro digestion of low-salt MPs pretreated with konjac glucomannan (KGM) and ultrasound. The results revealed that γ-PGA addition effectively facilitated the exposure of tryptophan and tyrosine residues in low salt MPs. The better dispersibility and slightly lower rheological properties of protein sols suggested the circumscribed effect of γ-PGA in augmenting protein gelation. TG crosslinking promoted moderate aggregation of MPs through different sites in myosin fragments, augmented the uniform distribution of sodium, and remarkably enhanced the gelling behavior of MPs. Importantly, the simultaneous incorporation of γ-PGA contributed to the refinement and uniformization of the TG cross-linked protein gel network, especially in the protein gel modified by pre-ultrasound treatment in combination with KGM. This result could also be corroborated by the augmented intermolecular interactions and enhanced digestibility observed in γ-PGA-modified TG crosslinked protein gel. Coupled with the identification of potentially bioactive peptides, it was confirmed that myosin light chain, actin, and myomesin account for the major contribution to the γ-PGA-induced changes in MP gels. Therefore, TG cross-linking combined with γ-PGA could be used to regulate the conformation and gelling properties of low-salt MPs, thus influencing the sodium distribution and digestion properties of low-salt meat products.

Effect of rGO Layering on the Structural, Optical, and Magnetic Properties of Sol–Gel Spin-Coated V-, Ce-, and Mn-Doped NiO Thin Films

Effect of rGO Layering on the Structural, Optical, and Magnetic Properties of Sol–Gel Spin-Coated V-, Ce-, and Mn-Doped NiO Thin Films

Exploring the impact of pH and temperature on TiC nanopowders syntesized via sol-gel and subsequent crystallization by carbothermal reduction method

In the present study, titanium carbide powders with suitable morphology and nanometer particle size were synthesized by the sol–gel method to investigate the parameters affecting the properties of sol and the final powder. The initial sol was prepared in a four-component system of alkoxide-water-alcohol-citric acid based on the chemical process of sol–gel. The study of sol properties showed that pH was the most important factor in the control of sol conditions and particle size so that at low pHs, due to low concentration of OH− ions and reduced viscosity, it was easier to control the particles size. Accordingly, the results of the Dynamics Light Scattering (DLS) showed that at low pHs, the particles size was below 10 nm. According to the zeta potential diagram and by examining the conditions of sol at different pHs, 4.5 was determined as the optimal pH and to prevent the bonding of particles within the sol, ammonium polycarboxylate dispersant was used. The temperature at which particles were formed was determined using Differential thermal analysis (DTA) and Thermal gravimetric analysis (TG). X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed the presence of a completely amorphous phase at 700 °C. It was also observed that with increasing temperature, TiC crystallization started from 1200 °C and ended at 1400 °C. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs at 1400 °C showed the completely spherical morphology of particles of nanometer size so that no agglomerate was observed.

Structure, ferroelectric, and enhanced fatigue properties of sol–gel-processed new Bi-based perovskite thin films of Bi(Cu1/2Ti1/2)O3–PbTiO3

Bi-based perovskite ferroelectric thin films have wide applications in electronic devices due to their excellent ferroelectric properties. New Bi-based perovskite thin films Bi(Cu1/2Ti1/2)O3–PbTiO3 (BCT–PT) are deposited on Pt(111)/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates in the present study by the traditional sol–gel method. Their structures and related ferroelectric and fatigue characteristics are studied in-depth. The BCT–PT thin films exhibit good crystallization within the phase-pure perovskite structure, besides, they have a predominant (100) orientation together with a dense and homogeneous microstructure. The remnant polarization (2P r) values at 30 μC/cm2 and 16 μC/cm2 are observed in 0.1BCT–0.9PT and 0.2BCT–0.8PT thin films, respectively. More intriguingly, although the polarization values are not so high, 0.2BCT–0.8PT thin films show outstanding polarization fatigue properties, with a high switchable polarization of 93.6% of the starting values after 108 cycles, indicating promising applications in ferroelectric memories.

Structural, Morphological and Luminescence Properties of Sol–Gel Derived Gd3Al2Ga3O12:Ce: Effect of Molecular Weights of Cross-Linking Agent

Structural, Morphological and Luminescence Properties of Sol–Gel Derived Gd3Al2Ga3O12:Ce: Effect of Molecular Weights of Cross-Linking Agent

Investigation of the Doping and Withdrawal Speed Effect on the Properties of sol–gel Dip-coated Cu-Doped ZnO Thin Films

Investigation of the Doping and Withdrawal Speed Effect on the Properties of sol–gel Dip-coated Cu-Doped ZnO Thin Films

Functionalization of Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation/Sol–Gel Coatings on AZ31 with Organic Corrosion Inhibitors

In this investigation, the sol–gel method is employed along with a corrosion inhibitor to seal a plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) coating, aiming to improve the long-term corrosion resistance of the AZ31 Mg alloy. Following an initial screening of corrosion inhibitors, 8-hydroxyquinoline (8HQ) is incorporated into the hybrid PEO/sol–gel system using two methods: (i) post-treatment of the PEO layer through immersion in an inhibitor-containing solution; (ii) loading the inhibitor into the sol–gel precursor. The characterization includes scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), and water drop contact angle measurements. The rheological properties of the inhibitor-loaded sol–gel precursors are assessed by measuring flow curves. The corrosion processes are evaluated in a saline solution through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and immersion tests with unscratched and scratched specimens, respectively. The results demonstrate the successful incorporation of the inhibitor for both loading strategies. Regardless of the loading approach, systems containing 8HQ exhibit the most favourable long-term corrosion resistance.

Rheological and radioactive decontamination properties of ethyl cellulose sols in green solvents at a temperature below 0 °C.

Strippable film decontamination has been considered one of the best prospects for radioactive surface decontamination due to its high decontamination effect and less secondary pollution. However, research into strippable films has until now focused on radioactive decontamination at room temperature. Therefore, it is vital to seek a suitable degradable material for preparing strippable films in removing contaminants in an extremely cold region, as it will face the problem of the freezing of the detergent. Ethyl cellulose (EC) is a kind of degradable biopolymer which is easily dissolved in volatile green organic solvents to form a sol below 0 °C which is advantageous for forming a film. Therefore, it would be the best choice for preparing a strippable film detergent. In this study, EC sols were obtained by placing EC powder into the green solvents anhydrous ethanol and ethyl acetate. The steady and dynamic rheological behavior of EC sols was investigated with a rotary rheometer with the temperature ranging from -10 °C to 0 °C to disclose their spraying performance. Moreover, the radioactive decontamination effect of EC sols and the mechanism were also investigated. The results showed that the EC sols were pseudoplastic fluids which obeyed the Ostwald-de Waele power law below 0 °C. Furthermore, the viscosity of EC sols could be reduced by stirring, which is convenient for large-area spraying during decontamination below 0 °C. At -10 °C, the comprehensive decontamination rates of all plates were over 85%. Therefore, EC sols could be used as a basic material for strippable film decontamination below 0 °C.

Modification of silicon-polyurethane-based sol–gel coatings through diverse plasma technologies: investigation of impact on surface properties

In this study, the chemical and physical properties of sol–gel coatings were analyzed after curing with various atmospheric plasma sources.

Structural and Optical Properties of Sol–Gel-Spin Coating Nanostructured Cadmium Zinc Nickel Phosphate (CZNP) Film and the Current Transport Properties of CZNP/p-Si-Based Diode

In this work, the growth of CdZnNiPO (CZNP) thin films on glass and p-Si substrates using the sol–gel spin coating method was successfully achieved. The structure, and morphology of the CZNP films were analyzed using XRD and FE-SEM. The optical absorbance behavior, energy gap, refractive indices, optical dielectric, optical conductivity, and optical electronegativity of the films were studied using the UV–Vis optical spectroscopy technique. XRD analysis shows that zinc phosphate accommodates cadmium ions by replacing zinc ions in the unit cell, resulting in oxygen vacancies that maintain charge neutrality. Scanning electron microscope images reveal the presence of a highly interconnected and well-organized nano CZNP framework. The optical absorption studies of CZNP films were conducted in the wavelength range of 190–2500 nm. The results show both direct and indirect energy band gaps of 1.69 and 2.89 eV, respectively, were employed in the prepared system. The current–voltage-temperature (I-V-T) characteristics of the CZNP/p-Si junction was analyzed in dark mode. The device transport ideality factor, barrier height, and series resistance were identified.

Gel properties of refrigerated silver carp surimi sol as affected by cold-induced sol-gel transition and shearing

In this study, the effect of different temperatures (4 °C and 10 °C) on the physicochemical properties of surimi sol was investigated during various storage time (0–7 d). In addition, the water distribution, gel properties and microstructure of gels prepared from treated surimi sol, both with and without shearing, were analyzed. The results showed a continuous increase in the gel strength of surimi sol, indicating a sol-gel transition occurred. Notably, there was a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in protein solubility and the formation of sol network structures, suggesting protein cross-linking and aggregation after cold storage. The analysis of chemical bonds content and gel electrophoresis pointed to the involvement of disulfide bonds and hydrophobic interactions in protein cross-linking. Furthermore, the cold-induced sol-gel transition adversely affected the quality of heat-induced gel, and this deterioration was exacerbated by shearing before cooking. Compared to the unsheared group, shearing before heating resulted in a more pronounced texture and cooking loss in the sheared group, with the heat-induced gel exhibiting a more disordered and rougher surface. These findings shed light on the importance of controlling the cold storage process and shearing treatment to maintain the desired quality of heat-induced gel in surimi sol applications.