Properties Of Root Canal Sealers Research Articles

Biological properties versus solubility of endodontic sealers and cements.

Endodontic sealers and cements used in root canal treatment have different compositions and properties. Common to all materials is that their primary goal is to fill gaps and voids, making a permanent seal of the root canal system. Furthermore, aspects such as antibacterial properties, cytotoxicity, setting time, solubility and biocompatibility are also crucial and ought to be considered. Over the years, a shift in the view on the importance of these aspects has ocurred. Whereas the antibacterial properties were considered important when the technical factors in endodontics were less developed, the sealing ability and biocompatibility have later been considered the most critical factors. The introduction of tricalcium silicate cements and sealers has led to a renewed interest in material properties, as these cements seem to have good sealing ability and at the same time combine favourable antimicrobial effects with excellent biocompatibility. This review discusses how the various properties of root canal sealers and cements may conflict with the primary aim of providing a permanent seal of the root canal system.

Evaluation of new bioceramic endodontic sealers: An in vitro study.

The biophysical properties of root canal sealers (RCSs) positively affect the success of endodontic treatment. It is important to ensure an impermeable apical seal after the thorough eradication of the infection. Since bioceramic sealers release bioactive and concomitantly biocompatible products after setting, chemical bonding to dentin and favorable healing is achieved. This study evaluated the chemical composition and elemental distribution of 4 RCSs (1 resinbased and 3 bioceramic-based) by using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and elemental mapping after root canal obturation, both coronally and apically. Forty extracted single-rooted teeth were shaped, cleaned and randomly divided into 4 groups according to the type of sealer used for obturation. After the sealer set, the teeth were sectioned horizontally to obtain coronal and apical standardized sections. The sections were qualitatively and quantitatively assessed in terms of chemical composition of the tested sealers, using SEM images and elemental mapping as well as the EDX analysis. All of the calcium silicate sealers showed significantly higher peaks of calcium at the periphery of the root canals, contacting dentinal moisture, and high peaks of zirconium, while tungsten was significantly high in AH Plus™. TotalFill® BC™ and BioRoot™ RCS showed higher calcium, oxygen and silicon content coronally than apically, while phosphorus was only detected more apically, which was different for EndoSeal® MTA. All sealers revealed small amounts of different heavy metals, not described by their manufacturers, and a uniform particle distribution with almost regular surfaces. All of the tested sealers except AH Plus revealed high calcium/phosphorus ratio peaks, suggesting regenerative potential in vivo, with acceptable purity and surface texture, and supporting their biocompatibility, with chemical bonding to root dentin.

Radioimaging in the Evaluation of the Therapeutic Effect of the Vegetable Extract Obtained from Epilobium Parviflorum Schreb

For years, apical microleakage has been considered the main factor in endodontic failure therapy. Sealing abilities and antibacterial properties of root canal sealers and intracanal medicaments between appointments have been recognized as important factors for the success of endodontic treatment. Background: Apical periodontitis (AP) is an inflammatory disease around the apex of a tooth root. The microorganisms reach the pulp by dentinal tubules especially when there is an open cavity after a coronal fracture and the pulp is in contact with the septic oral environment. The aim of the study was to evaluate the dynamics of healing by recording periapical index (PAI), after two appointment endodontic procedure with commercial or experimental intracanal medicament. Methods: A total of 40 patients with primary chronic apical periodontitis requiring root canal treatment were assigned randomly into four groups according to the teeth medicated with dehydrated plant extract, calcium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide mixed with chlorhexidine (CHX) gel 2%, Walkhoff paste and obturated on a second visit, 7 days later. Patients were recalled at intervals of 3, 6, and 12 months to evaluate the treated teeth both clinically and radiographically for periapical healing. A 5-score scale PAI was used to evaluate stages of the periapical healing on a periapical radiography using a Kodak Dental imaging software provided by the radio-imagistic center. Results: Radiological evaluation revealed that the experimental intracanal medicament had a cumulative positive healing capacity by reducing the PAI as well as all resorbable pastes used in endodontic conventional therapy. Conclusions: The results suggest that the vegetable dry extract obtained from Epilobium parviflorum Schreb can be used as an inter-appointment medication among with the root canal filling for the positive effect on apical healing quantified by reducing the PAI.

Cytotoxicity, and antimicrobial and physicochemical properties of sealers incorporated with Uncaria tomentosa.

This study evaluated the cytotoxicity, the antimicrobial and physicochemical properties of root canal sealers incorporated with phytotherapic Uncaria tomentosa (UT). Unmodified AH Plus (Dentsply, DeTrey, Germany) and MTA Fillapex (Angelus, Londrina, Brazil) were used as controls. UT was incorporated into AH Plus and MTA Fillapex, at concentrations of 2% and 5% of the total weight of these sealers (w/w). Flowability, setting time, and solubility were evaluated following ISO requirements. The pH values were measured at periods of 12, 24, 48 hours, and 7 days. The antimicrobial activity of the sealers against Enterococcus faecalis was analyzed by both direct contact tests in freshly prepared sealers, and after 7 days. The cytotoxicity of the samples was evaluated by the MTT assay, to check Balb/c 3T3 cell viability. The statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (p < 0.05). The incorporation of UT was associated with a decrease in flow, for both sealers, an increase in AH Plus setting time, increase in MTA Fillapex pH values, and solubility (after 14 days), for both sealers (p < 0.05). Regarding the antibacterial evaluation, bacterial reduction was reported after incorporation of UT into both AH Plus and MTA Fillapex, up to 7 days after handling of the material (P<0.05). UT incorporation decreased the cytotoxic effects of both AH Plus and MTA Fillapex sealers in a way directly proportional to their respective concentrations (p < 0.05). In conclusion, UT can be added to both sealers to reduce their cytotoxicity, and improve their antibacterial effects, without compromising their original physicochemical properties.

Physical properties of root canal sealers

Physical properties of root canal sealers

Do Contaminating Substances Influence the Rheological Properties of Root Canal Sealers?

IntroductionThis study evaluated the effect of residual substances derived from irrigant solutions and intracanal medications on the rheological properties of a silicone, gutta-percha, and bioactive glass–based sealer in comparison with an epoxy resin–based sealer. MethodsThin films of contaminants (0.5 μL) (3% sodium hypochlorite [NaOCl], chlorhexidine digluconate [CHX], 17% EDTA, calcium hydroxide, 40% citric acid, or distilled water [DW]) were applied along with freshly mixed GuttaFlow Bioseal (GFB; Coltene/Whaledent, Langenau, Germany) or AH Plus Jet (Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany) on the lower plate of a dynamic rheometer. Rheological measurements were performed in oscillating mode at the strain amplitude, angular frequency, and constant temperature of 0.01%, 10 rad/s, and 37°C, respectively. Samples without contaminants served as controls. All measurements were performed 5 times. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and 1-way analysis of variance followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test were performed to analyze the results (P < .05). ResultsThe contaminants did not alter the setting time of GFB compared with the controls; however, CHX and calcium hydroxide decreased its complex viscosity (ƞ*) (P < .05). The setting time of AH Plus Jet was increased by DW, CHX, citric acid, and EDTA (P < .05). All contaminants decreased its ƞ* at the setting point (P < .05). NaOCl led to the greatest alteration of its rheological parameters. ConclusionsIrrigant solutions and intracanal medications adversely affected at least 1 of the tested rheological properties of both sealers, except for DW and 3% NaOCl, which did not alter any rheological property of GFB.

Ultrasonic activation effect on physicochemical properties of root canal sealers

Ultrasonic activation effect on physicochemical properties of root canal sealers

Influence of Warm Vertical Compaction Technique on Physical Properties of Root Canal Sealers

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of warm vertical compaction on the physical properties of root canal sealers. MethodsThe physical properties of 4 sealers (zinc oxide –eugenol [ZOE], AH Plus [Dentsply International, York, PA], RoekoSeal [Roeko/Coltene/Whaledent, Langenau, Germany], and iRoot SP [Innovative Bioceramix, Vancouver, Canada]) were tested. The setting time and flow of these sealers were measured at standard and high temperatures using ISO 6876 (2012) specifications. The percentage of voids in each sealer after complete setting at 37°C and 140°C was analyzed under a stereoscopic microscope. ResultsThe setting time of ZOE sealer increased significantly from 144.0 ± 4.1 minutes to 274.2 ± 7.4 minutes when the temperature increased from 37°C to 140°C, whereas there was a significant reduction in the other 3 sealers. At 37°C, the setting time of AH Plus, iRoot SP, and RoekoSeal was 543.8 ± 16.4, 245.8 ± 15.9, and 49.3 ± 1.5 minutes, and at 140°C the setting time decreased significantly to 12.9 ± 0.7, 14.2 ± 0.6, and 2.7 ± 0.4 minutes (P < .05). The flow of AH Plus increased when the temperature changed from 25°C to 140°C (P < .05), whereas the flow reduced for RoekoSeal and iRoot SP (for RoekoSeal from 24.8 ± 0.9 to 12.4 ± 1.3 mm and for iRoot SP from 22.9 ± 0.9 to 13.3 ± 1.5 mm) (P < .05). However, the flow of ZOE sealer was unaffected by the high temperature. ZOE sealer and iRoot SP exhibited a reduction of porosity at a high temperature (P < .05). ConclusionsWarm vertical compaction influenced some properties (the setting time, flow, and porosity) of 4 sealers. A significant reduction of setting time and flow was found in RoekoSeal and iRoot SP sealers at a high temperature.

A Phd completed 4. Interactions between root canal irrigants, sealers and dentin

In the field of endodontology, antibacterial activity of irrigants has been investigated many times. The influence of these solutions on the bonding of root canal sealers, however, has hardly been studied. The objective of this doctoral research was to determine the interactions between root canal sealers and root dentin, and to determine the influence of irrigants on these interactions. The various studies revealed that irrigants have an influence on the bonding of sealers based on epoxy resin, calcium hydroxide, silicones and calcium silicate. In the case of a sealer based on epoxy resin (AH Plus), the irrigation protocol had an influence on the bond strength (adhesion) on dentin, by means of which the seal was also improved. The results of this research produced better insights into the mechanisms at play in the adhesive properties of root canal sealers. Eventually, this might result in improved treatment outcomes of root canal treatments.

Antimicrobial Efficacy of Endomethasone and Sealapex Sealers against Specific Endodontic Pathogens

Background: Antimicrobial efficacy is one of the desired properties of root canal sealer to eliminate the residual microorganisms from complex root canal system unaffected by chemomechanical preparation and intracanal medication. The aim of the study is to compare the antimicrobial effects of two different sealers, i.e. zinc oxide based Endomethasone and calcium hydroxide based Sealapex against E. faecalis, S. aureus and C. albicans which are considered most resistant microorganisms in the oral cavity. Methods: Agar diffusion method was used in this study. The sealers were prepared according to manufacturer’s instruction and placed in prepared wells 36 agar plates inoculated with E. faecalis, S. aureus and C. albicans. All plates were incubated for 5 days at 370C. The zone of inhibition of each sealer was measured after 24 hours, 48 hours and 5 days interval in order to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy in different time duration. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA, independent sample ‘t’ test and paired ‘t’ test as applicable. P value &lt;0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Endomethasone produced largest zone of inhibition at all-time interval than that of Sealapex against all tested microorganisms. However, the zone of inhibition of Endomethasone reduced significantly after 48 hours. The antimicrobial efficacy of Sealapex gradually increased at all times interval. Conclusion: The antimicrobial efficacy of Endomethasone against E. faecalis, S. aureus and C. albicans is higher than that of Sealapex. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cdcj.v10i2.16317 City Dent. Coll. J Volume-10, Number-2, July-2013

Physical properties of root canal sealers: measurement of flow, working time, and compressive strength.

International Endodontic JournalVolume 16, Issue 3 p. 99-107 Physical properties of root canal sealers: measurement of flow, working time, and compressive strength D. ØRSTAVIK, D. ØRSTAVIK NIOM-Scandinavian Institute of Dental Materials, Forskningsveien 1, Oslo 3, NorwaySearch for more papers by this author D. ØRSTAVIK, D. ØRSTAVIK NIOM-Scandinavian Institute of Dental Materials, Forskningsveien 1, Oslo 3, NorwaySearch for more papers by this author First published: July 1983 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.1983.tb01307.xCitations: 43AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume16, Issue3July 1983Pages 99-107 RelatedInformation

Antibacterial properties of root canal sealers, cements and pastes.

Antibacterial properties of root canal sealers, cements and pastes.

A comparative study of important physical properties of various root canal sealers: II. Evaluation of dimensional changes

Methods are offered for measuring the volumetric changes of nine root canal sealers under varying experimental conditions. Both qualitative and quantitative data are provided which indicate that statistically significant shrinkage occurs upon setting with most root canal sealers. Correlations are made between shrinkage and variations in setting times as previously reported. The necessity for the standardization of methods to study the physical properties of root canal sealers is established.