Properties Of Roller Compacted Concrete Research Articles

Studying the effect of the ratio of water to binder and sand to aggregate on the hardness of concrete mixtures and compressive strength of roller-compacted concrete by experimental method

In roller-compacted concrete technology, withthe use of low water and cement content, the concrete mixture after kneading has high hardness and compaction equipment must be used to compact and shape the product.Therefore, the content of mixing water, binder, and aggregate are considered decisive factors, greatly affecting the properties of roller compacted concrete in both the fresh state and the hardened state.The paper uses the mathematical method of two-factor rotatable central compositional planning to simulate the effect of volumetric ratios of water-binder (VN/VCKD) and sand-aggregate (VC/VCL) on the objective functions of the test. The selected objective functions are the hardness of the concrete mixture and the compressive strength of the roller-compacted concrete at the age of 28 days.From the obtained objective functions, it is shown that both control variables VN/VCKDand VC/VCLhave a significant influence on the valuesof the experimental model. When the VN/VCKDratio increases, the water content contributes to increasing the plasticityand reducing the hardness of the concrete mixture. At the same time, excess water exists in the concrete mass in the form of air bubbles,pores,and magnetism. That reduces the compressive strength of the product. Furthermore, the VC/VCLratio of the aggregate that is too small or too large tends to cause the compressive strength of the concrete to decrease.

The effects of the quality of recycled aggregates on the mechanical properties of roller compacted concrete

This study investigates the performance of roller compacted concrete (RCC) made with recycled aggregates derived from crushed demolished concrete with various proportions of natural. The experimental study examines substituting various proportions of natural aggregate (3/8, 8/15, and 15/20) with recycled aggregate. The replacement rates range from 0% to 100% in increments of 25%. Eleven different mixtures have been made by changing the amount of recycled aggregate used, with and without pre-wetting, before being added to concrete. Additionally, 5% of the cement content was substituted with silica fume and slag in each composition. An experiment test was done to see how recycled aggregate-based BCRs' performance changed with the incorporation rate on fresh and hardened concrete's mechanical and physical properties. Physical parameters, including volume masse, vebe time consistency, and mechanical properties such as compression resistance, flexion resistance, and ultrasonic pulse speed, were measured over time. The results found were compared to the control mix made with 100% natural aggregates. Those results show that as the replacement rate increases, the water absorption rate increases with a decrease in mechanical strength. In addition, the pre-wetting treatment did not significantly impact mechanical strength. This can be explained by the characteristics of the recycled aggregate, such as high absorption, low resistance to wear, and low density, which were caused by the residual paste adhered to the recycled aggregate.

Effect of Fly ash and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag as partial replacement of cement and sand on the properties of Roller Compacted Concrete

Effect of Fly ash and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag as partial replacement of cement and sand on the properties of Roller Compacted Concrete

Effect of Hydrated Lime on the Properties of Roller Compacted Concrete

Roller compacted concrete (RCC) is a concrete of no slump, no reinforcement, no finishing, and compacted using vibratory roller. When compared with conventional concrete, it contains less water contentwhen compared to traditional concrete. The RCC technique achieves significant time and cost savings during the construction of concrete. This study demonstrates the preparation of RCC slab of (38 ×38× 10) cmsamples by using roller compactor which is manufactured in local markets. The Hydrated lime additive is used to study the mechanical and physical properties of that RCC slab samples. This investigation is dividedinto two main stages: The First stage consists of hammer compaction method with two gradation of aggregate, dense and gap graded aggregate, using five percentages of cement content (10, 12, 14, 16, and 18) as a percentage of the total aggregate content. This stage is carried out for selecting the maximum dry density, optimum moisture content, and optimum cement content which is utilized in RCC slab samplesconstruction, a total of 49 cylinder samples sized (10 cm diameter and 11.6 cm high) are prepared. The Second stage is classified into two sub stages; the first one consists of constructing RCC slab samples using roller compaction, 12% cement as a percentage of total aggregate weight has been used according to the data obtained from first stage, this group presents reference mixes without additives. While the second sub stage presents RCC mix with hydrated lime additive and with the same gradation of mixes compact by hammer compaction method, hydrated lime was implemented as (5, 10, 12, and 15) percentageas a partial replacement of cement content. Both of physical and mechanical properties of RCC are studied using cores, sawed cubes, and sawed beams obtained from RCC slab samples. The properties studied were porosity, absorption, and compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength by using third point loading method. The results show that hydrated lime improved the overall properties of RCC as compared to reference mix. Mixes with 5% lime give the optimum values for most of strength properties. Dense graded mixes with hydrated lime show superior properties as compared to gap graded mixes.

Influence of Using Different Types of Fibers on The Mechanical Properties of Roller Compacted Concrete A Review

There is an important and urgent need to construct more durable pavements, Roller Compacted Concrete (RCC) is a strong and durable product that is commonly used to construct pavements because of its various benefits, including quick paving, labor savings, a decrease in quantity of Portland cement contains, and the use of cementitious substances in place of cement. Also, RCC has disadvantages which are its rigidity, cracking due to thermal or plastic shrinkage, flexural strength, fatigue loading, and lower tensile strength. So, using different types of fiber in the construction of RCC is necessary to control these disadvantages. This paper reviews the consequences of the various types of fibers used by researchers and which types are more advantageous, have a good option to be used, and be a guide to clarify the significance of the fibers in the construction of RCC pavements. Most of them have higher durability and cost-effectiveness while some of them have environmental issues

Study of the effect of pozzolanic Portland cement-basic oxygen furnace slag on the mechanical properties of roller compacted concrete

ABSTRACT Due to the presence of free lime (FL) in slag and its lack of reaction with concrete components, concrete containing slag reduces strength. Pozzolanic Portland cement (PPC) in the presence of moisture and normal heat during chemical reactions with lime (calcium hydroxide) generates stable calcium silicates that have adhesion properties. By using PPC instead of Portland cement type I in roller compacted concrete (RCC) containing basic oxygen furnace slag (BOFS), it is possible to determine the mechanical properties of RCC due to the reaction between the FL in BOFS and PPC. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of PPC on the mechanical properties of RCC containing BOFS. For this purpose, specimens are made with various cement content values (225-400 kg/m3), various BOFS content values (0-50%) and with the optimum moisture. The properties examined in this paper are compressive strength, indirect tensile strength, and static modulus of elasticity tests. The results show that the use of PPC is effective in compensating the negative impact of using BOFS and providing the minimum specified mechanical properties. Also, the proportion of consumption of PPC with BOFS value is determined for the possibility of maximum reaction between FL and pozzolan in cement.

Investigation of metakaolin and steel fiber addition on some mechanical and durability properties of roller compacted concrete

In this experimental study, physical, strength and durability properties of roller compacted concrete (RCC) containing metakaolin with or without steel fiber are investigated. For this purpose, seven different mixes were designed and tested in the lab. To assess properties of compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, water permeability and freezing and thawing resistance in terms of weight and compressive strength losses. There is an increasing compressive strength of RCC containing MK with or without steel fiber with increasing ages. 15% MK 45 kg/m3 steel fiber was found the best dosage for RCC at the age of 90 days. Also, there is a splitting tensile strength enhancement being increased with increasing MK and steel fiber in the mix. There is a continuous permeability reduction with increasing combined MK and steel fiber addition reaching 77.9% as maximum value for the mix of 20% metakaolin and 60 kg of steel fiber. Also, there is a reduction of weight and compressive strength losses of RCC subjected to freezing and thawing cycles up to 300 due to MK and steel fiber addition. It is concluded that using a combination of MK and steel fiber has a promised future to be used in more durable RCC for road construction.

Experimental Study on the Physical and Mechanical Characteristics of Roller Compacted Concrete Made with Recycled Aggregates

A huge volume of waste is generated by natural and human-made disasters and by rapid urbanization that leads to the demolition of structures reaching the end of their service life. Using recycled aggregates in concrete producing reduces environmental pollution by decreasing the disposal of this waste material in landfills and preserving unreasonable exploitation of natural resources. This manuscript presents the results of an experimental program aiming to study the effect of recycled aggregates on the physical and the mechanical properties of roller compacted concrete (RCC). A Dreux–Gorisse mix design method together with the modified proctor test were adopted to prepare a reference mixture with natural aggregates with three derived mixtures where coarse aggregates were replaced by 50%, 70%, and 100% of recycled aggregates. The physical properties of RCC were evaluated by means of water absorption and gas permeability tests while the mechanical properties were evaluated using compressive, tensile splitting and 3-point flexural tests. The results of physical tests showed that both water absorption ability and gas permeability increase proportionally with the replacement ratios. The results of the mechanical tests showed that the compressive strength class was approximately constant for all developed mixtures at the age of 28 days. For a substitution ratio of 100%, a drop in the compressive strength of only 6% was recorded. The reduction in the tensile and flexural strength was more pronounced than the compressive strength and was about 10% for the mixture of 100% recycled aggregates. It was found that the strength increases with time, and it can be estimated at any age using the analytical models adopted for conventional hydraulic concretes. Based on the obtained results, it was concluded that recycled aggregates up to 50% don’t negatively affect the physical and mechanical properties of RCC.

Experimental Investigation of Mix Proportions Effects on Roller-Compacted Concrete Properties Using Response Surface Methodology

Experimental Investigation of Mix Proportions Effects on Roller-Compacted Concrete Properties Using Response Surface Methodology

A study on investigating the effect of lignosulfonate-based com-paction aid admixture dosage on the properties of roller com-pacted concrete

In this study, roller compacted concrete was produced by using a modified lignosulfonate-based chemical admixture which is suitable for use in wet, semi-dry or zero slump concrete, and the effect of admixture dosage on the physical and mechanical properties of the concrete was investigated. In the production of roller compacted concrete, the cement content was 300 kg/m3 and the chemical admixture dosages have been changed as 0%, 0.3%, 0.6% and 0.9%. Percentage of compactibility, total water absorption, unit weight, ultrasonic pulse velocity, dynamic modulus of elasticity, concrete compressive strength at the ages of 3 and 28 days were determined for the roller compacted concrete specimens. Roller compacted concrete with the lowest percentage of water absorption, the highest percentage of compactibility, ultrasonic pulse velocity, compactness, compressive strength and dynamic modulus of elasticity was the concrete produced with 0.6% admixture dosage. With the concrete design and the chemical admixture in question, it has been observed that the optimum dosage of chemical admixture for the production of the best quality concrete in terms of the concrete properties examined was 0.6%.

Effects of High-volume Fly Ash on the Properties of Roller Compacted Concrete: A Review

Roller compacted concrete (RCC) is a kind of dry and water-poor concrete, which has the advantage of less water consumption, fast construction speed using roller compaction machine compaction and low cost. RCC is often used in water conservancy projects. This paper outlines the effects of fly ash on the impact of compacted concrete in terms of compressive properties, flexural properties, dynamic modulus of elasticity, impermeability performance and crack resistance based on the working mechanism of fly ash in concrete. In a certain range, the performance of RCC is improved with the increase of fly ash content. Finally, this paper puts forward some suggestions for the further research of RCC.

Correlating the Strength Properties of Roller Compacted Concrete

Prediction of the strength properties of roller compacted concrete from mathematical models is significant for rapid decision of the quality of the pavement. In the present assessment, roller compacted concrete slab samples have been prepared in the laboratory using 12 percentage of Portland cement by weight of aggregates. Cube, core, and beam specimens were extracted from the slab samples and tested for compressive, indirect tensile, and flexural strength at the age of 28 days. Strength test results were corelated among each other and mathematical models were obtained. It was observed that low significance of aggregates gradation type on the compressive and tensile strength exists. However, high influence of dense gradation on flexural strength could be detected. The flexural strength of dense graded mixture is higher than that of gap graded mixtures. The compressive strength of gap graded mixture is higher than that of dense graded mixture. It can be concluded that the flexural strength is higher than the tensile strength by (2.17 and 1.24) folds for dense and gap graded mixtures respectively. The compressive strength is higher than tensile strength by (5.72 and 4.87) folds for dense and gap graded mixtures respectively. The compressive strength is higher than the flexural strength by (3.4 and 2.49) folds for dense and gap graded roller compacted concrete respectively. The obtained mathematical models exhibit high coefficient of determination and may be implemented in verification of the specific strength property based on other measured strength properties of roller compacted concrete.

The Effect of Mixture Parameters on the Surface Properties of Roller Compacted Concrete (RCC) Pavements

Ülkemizde SSB kaplamaların şehir içi ve köy yollarında kullanımı gittikçe artmaktadır. Fakat yol sürüş konforunu ve güvenliğini etkileyen kaplama yüzey özelliklerine, karışım parametrelerinin etkisini inceleyen detaylı bir çalışma uluslararası literatürde mevcut değildir. Bu eksikliği gidermeye yönelik yapılan bu çalışmada, farklı çimento dozajları, agrega gradasyonları ve su oranları ile hazırlanan 12 SSB karışımı, “Superpave-Yoğurmalı-Presi” ile farklı seviyelerde sıkıştırılıp yüzey özellikleri, İngiliz pandülü ve kum yama testleriyle değerlendirilmiştir. Yapılan istatistiksel analizlerde, yoğurma sayısının etkisi görülmezken; SSB çimento dozajı, su muhtevası ve gradasyonun yalnızca mukavemet yönünden değil aynı zamanda yüzey özellikleri bakımından da etkili olduğu sonucuna varılmış ve SSB karışım optimizasyonu için öneriler getirilmiştir.

Laboratory Approach to Determine Roller Compacted Concrete Mixture Electrical Characteristics Using a New Time-Domain Reflectometry Interpretation Method

This work deals with using time-domain reflectometry (TDR) to measure the electrical properties of roller compacted concrete (RCC). It is well known that TDR provides a non-destructive method to measure the dielectric constant toward an estimation of moisture content for soil materials. However, few studies have used TDR to determine the moisture content in concrete because of the inability to obtain TDR traces after the concrete hardens. To obtain TDR traces, a transmission circuit is initiated where a wave signal moves through the medium and reflects back in accordance with transmission line theory. In the literature, the TDR waveform has been interpreted empirically to estimate the relative permittivity (or dielectric constant) and electrical conductivity in a given material relative to the determination of associated water content. However, empirical models tend to ignore certain aspects related to the electrical properties of a medium, which has made interpretation of TDR measurements prone to systematic errors. In this paper, a new approach of test configuration and TDR response interpretation has been developed. For the test setup, the approach uses disposable metal probes that can be embedded into the concrete at different depths to obtain the TDR traces. The approach also employs the transmission line equation to estimate the dielectric constant, electrical conductivity, and reflectivity of an instrumented RCC mixture. These properties will affect the understanding of the RCC pavement behavior, especially curling and warping behavior, placement density, and development of long-term distresses.

Influence of polypropylene fibers reinforcement on the mechanical properties of roller compacted concrete used in airports with partial replacement of cement by cement kiln dust

This study presents the influence of polypropylene fiber (PPF) reinforcement on the mechanical properties of roller compacted concrete (RCC) in which the cementitious materials (CMs) were partially replaced with cement kiln dust (CKD). Characteristics of RCC with partial replacement of CMs with CKD, reinforced with different PPF contents (0.04, 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 2.5%) were studied. The results clarified that the inclusion of PPF could affect the mechanical properties and cracking behaviour of RCC. It was shown that reinforcing RCC with 0.04%, and 0.1% PPF enhanced the flexural and compressive strength of RCC beside that the mode of tensile failure of RCC had been changed from brittle to ductile failure with successive cracking pattern. The research results indicated that a substantial increase (more than 57%) in flexural strength of RCC was attained by using 0.1% PPF to reinforce RCC with 5% or 10% of CMs replaced with CKD. These findings is of great important in utilizing RCC reinforced with PPF (PPFRRCC) in airports pavements. However, it was noticed that using more than 0.1% content of PPF affected adversely the mechanical properties of RCC. The present research proved that using specified content of PPF could improve the mechanical properties of PPFRRCC to fulfil the requirement airport aprons concrete pavements beside the beneficial impact on reducing the contamination of the environment.

Mechanical properties of roller compacted concrete containing recycled concrete aggregate

The compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, pulse velocity, and drop weight impact resistance of roller-compacted concrete (RCC) mixtures containing recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) were investigated. The cement contents of the RCC mixtures were chosen as 150, 200 and 250 kg/m3. In addition to the control mixtures containing no RCA, 25, 50, 75, and 100 wt% of the crushed limestone aggregate was replaced with RCA. In this way, 15 RCC mixtures were prepared. The water content of RCC mixtures was determined by the maximum density method. The results showed that increasing the amount of recycled aggregate decreased the mechanical properties of the concrete. However, up to 25% replacement level, recycled aggregate had not a significant detrimental effect on the properties of RCC. Besides, the detrimental effect of RCA substitution was more pronounced in leaner mixtures and reduced by increasing the cement content of the RCC.

Correlating the Durability Properties of Roller Compacted Concrete

Roller compacted concrete is the zero-slump concrete mixture, usually prepared at low cement content and low workability, and subjected to compaction by rollers to increase the density and improve the aggregate particles interlock. It is recommended for heavy duty pavement and can withstand harsh environment. Modeling the physical behavior of roller compacted concrete exhibits a quick and easy start to predict the future behavior of the material. In the present assessment, roller compacted concrete mixtures have been prepared in the laboratory using three percentages of Portland cement (10, 12, and 16) % to simulate low, medium, and high cement content from roller compacted concrete point of view. The mixtures were poured into the cylinder mold of 101.6 mm diameter and 116.4 mm height in five successive layers. Each layer had practiced 25 blows of the modified Proctor hammer with 4.5 kg weight, falling from 450 mm height. Specimens were withdrawn from the mold after 24 hours and cured for 28 days in a water bath at 20°C. Specimens were subjected to bulk density, absorption, and porosity determination. Test results were analyzed and modeled. It can be observed that the gradation of aggregates (dense or gap)does not exhibit a significant issue in the absorption-density relationship. However, Dense gradation exhibits lower porosity than gap gradation. It can be concluded that the obtained mathematical models may be implemented to predict the relationship between the durability parameters of roller compacted concrete in terms of porosity, absorption, and density with high coefficients of determination.

Effects of Coarse Aggregate Shape and Texture on Engineering Properties of Roller Compacted Concrete Prepared for High Traffic Routes

Abstract Use of roller-compacted concrete in pavement construction is increasing. Roller compacted concrete is a zero-slump, highly compacted concrete that is placed by equipment similar to that used in asphalt pavement construction. This investigation was conducted to collect the state-of-the-art information on effects of coarse aggregate size and texture on the strength and workability of roller-compacted concrete (RCC) for pavement construction and maintenance. Concrete specimens containing cubical and rough coarse aggregate, irregular and rough coarse aggregate, angular and rough coarse aggregate, rounded/spherical and smooth coarse aggregate, and flaky/elongated and rough coarse aggregate were prepared at 1:3:3 concrete mix ratio and 0.4 water cement ratio. Laboratory testing of specimens derived from the concrete specimens showed excellent results for cubical and rough coarse aggregate, irregular and rough coarse aggregate, and angular and rough coarse aggregate. Specimens from the rounded/spherical and smooth coarse aggregate, and flaky/elongated and rough coarse aggregate performed poorly in laboratory. The study therefore recommends the use of cubical and rough coarse aggregate, and irregular and rough coarse aggregate in the production of roller-compacted concrete for pavement construction and maintenance.

Strength and fracture properties of roller compacted concrete (RCC) prepared by an in-situ compaction procedure

The use of roller compacted concrete (RCC) technology in pavement applications has been steadily increasing owing to its economical as well as practical advantages. Past literature studies on RCC mixtures, focused mainly on the effects of RCC mixtures on their strength and durability properties, and there is a lack in the fracture properties. In this experimental study, a total of seven different RCC mixtures were designed with four different binder ratios ranging from 200 kg/m3 to 600 kg/m3, and two different aggregate gradations with maximum aggregate sizes of 12 mm and 19 mm to investigate the effect of mixture design on RCC mechanical performance and fracture properties. All RCC mixtures were compacted in a plate mold with dimensions of 15x85x200 cm3 by applying first a vibratory plate compactor, then a double drum vibratory hand roller to simulate the actual field compaction procedures. Cores and prismatic beam specimens were taken from the plates to determine the strength and fracture properties of RCC mixtures. Single-point bending test was applied on the notched beams to determine the fracture parameters by using RILEM procedure based on the non-linear two parameter fracture model. According to the statistical analysis results, it was found that the strength and the fracture properties of RCC mixtures were affected not only by the mixture proportions but also by the compaction amount. Moreover, it was shown that the critical stress intensity factor (KIc) was enhanced with the increase of maximum aggregate size, compaction ratio, then binder dosage. On the other hand, critical crack tip opening displacement, CTODc seems to be affected only by the fine to total aggregate ratio or the maximum aggregate size.

Studying the influence of fiber reinforcement on the characteristics of roller compacted concrete used in airports with partial replacement of cement by cement kiln dust

Roller-compacted concrete is defined as that concrete of no-slump consistency in its’ unhardened state that is transported, placed, and compacted by roller compaction. The purpose of this research is to study the effect of using steel fiber reinforcement on the properties of roller compacted concrete in which, 5%, and 10% of the cementitious materials were replaced by cement kiln dust. Different contents of steel fibers were used to reinforce concrete which were compacted using a manually controlled roller device. The results showed that the compressive strength of the roller compacted concrete with 5% replacement of cementitious materials increased by 19, 25, 32, and 42%, when the concrete was reinforced using steel fibers amounts of 30, 50, 70, and 90 Kg per m3 of concrete respectively. The corresponding increases in the flexural strength were (15, 34, 37, and 40%). Similar increases were recorded for specimens with 10% replacement. The research had confirmed the feasibility of using steel fiber reinforcement to enhance the properties of this kind of concrete to be used in airport pavements. Substitution of 5 to 10 % of the cementitious materials by cement kiln dust will save energy and contribute in decreasing the impact of pollutants on the environment.