Properties Of Polyethylene Films Research Articles

Influence of hydrogenated petroleum resin on structure evolution and properties of polyethylene film during biaxial stretching process

Influence of hydrogenated petroleum resin on structure evolution and properties of polyethylene film during biaxial stretching process

The Effect of Divinylbenzene on the Structure and Properties of Polyethylene Films with Related Radiation Chemical Grafted Polystyrene and Sulfocationite Membranes.

In the present work, the effect of divinylbenzene (DVB) on the kinetics of post-radiation chemical graft polymerization styrene (St) on polyethylene (PE) film and its structural and morphological features were investigated. It has been found that the dependence of the degree of polystyrene (PS) grafting on the DVB concentration in the solution is extreme. An increase in the rate of graft polymerization at low concentrations of DVB in the solution is associated with a decrease in the mobility of the growing chains of PS. A decrease in the rate of graft polymerization at high concentrations of DVB is associated with a decrease in the rate of diffusion of St and iron(II) ions in the cross-linked network structure of macromolecules of graft PS. A comparative analysis of the IR transmission and multiple attenuated total internal reflection spectra of the films with graft PS shows that graft polymerization of St in the presence of DVB leads to the enrichment of the film surface layers in PS. These results have been confirmed by the data on the distribution of sulfur in these films after sulfonation. The micrographs of the surface of the grafted films show the formation of cross-linked local microphases of PS with fixed interfaces.

Study of the Influence of the Additive "Polymateria" on the Ability to Biodegrade Polyethylene Films

Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of the influence of the "Polymateria" additive on the properties of polyethylene films and their biodegradability. The additive "Polymateria" is presented by the manufacturer as an additive that accelerates the process of biodegradation of polyolefin films. However, studies published in the literature have not previously been presented.Purpose. Therefore, the purpose of the work is to study polymer films containing the Polymater additive for their performance characteristics and evaluate film samples for biodegradability. In the work, polymer films based on polyethylene and the additive "Polymateria" were obtained by extrusion.Materials and Methods. The following research methods were used in the work: a method for determining water absorption, a method for determining resistance to chemical media, a method for artificial aging of polymeric materials under the influence of ultraviolet radiation and temperature, a uniaxial tensile test method, comprehensive studies of films for biodegradation by composting, determination of the sanitary and hygienic properties of experimental samples during exposure in simulation environmentsResults. In the course of the study, it was found that the physical and mechanical properties under the influence of UV irradiation do not change as intensively as compared with the deformation-strength characteristics of samples that were subjected to artificial aging at temperature. It has been established that within 28 hours of exposure to thermal-oxidative aging, polyethylene films are destroyed and lose their integrity. It has been established that within 28 hours of exposure to thermal-oxidative aging, polyethylene films are destroyed and lose their integrity.In the process of composting, the relative elongation at break of samples treated with UV decreases by 1.5-2 times compared to the values ​​before composting. When composted for 7 months, the samples did not change their size, and their weight did not change either.Conclusion. Studies by the sanitary-chemical method made it possible to determine that in the environment of sodium chloride and distilled water after three weeks of exposure to polyethylene films containing the additive, a pungent odor is determined that exceeds the criterion of 2 points. Thus, such films cannot be used for food contact.

Gas permeability and mechanical properties of polyethylene films subjected to ultraviolet irradiation

ABSTRACT The effect of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on gas permeability and mechanical properties of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) films was investigated in the temperature range from 20°C to 60°C. It was shown that UV exposure of the films resulted in their artificial aging, which is manifested as a decrease in gas permeability and as a variation in structure and mechanical properties of the LDPE films. A correlation between gas permeability and mechanical characteristics of the LDPE films subjected to the action of temperature and UV irradiation was found. The novelty of the performed investigations is due to the fact that the gas permeability of polymers exposed to the combined effects of UV radiation and temperature has not been studied so far.

Effect of Conditions for Modification in a High-Frequency Discharge Plasma on the Reversibility of the Surface Properties of Polyethylene Films

Effect of Conditions for Modification in a High-Frequency Discharge Plasma on the Reversibility of the Surface Properties of Polyethylene Films

Film Materials Based on Polyethylene with Silicon Nanoparticles and Silicon Carbide

In this research and development, the extrusion method was used to obtain polyethylene films containing 0.1–1.5 wt % n-SiC and n-Si nanoparticles obtained by the plasma chemical method. Using the spectral analysis method, it was found that the films obtained absorb UV radiation in the range of 200–400 nm, which is harmful to organic matter. The method of X-ray structural analysis was used to determine the average size of particles and the quality of their dispersion in the films. Differential scanning calorimetry and physicomechanical tests have shown that nanoparticles do not affect the formation of the internal structure of the polyethylene (PE) matrix. The degree of crystallinity, melting point, and crystallization point remain unchanged. The properties of the surface of the films, studied by tribological and triboelectric methods and determination of the contact angle, remain constant and do not differ from the properties of PE films with a nanoparticle content from 0.1 to 1%. At 1.5% nSiC content, a change in the surface microrelief is diagnosed, leading to a small increase in the film friction coefficient. The polyethylene films filled with n-SiC and n-Si obtained in this work are recommended for use as UV protective coatings for various purposes.

Estimation of protective ability, physical and mechanical properties of polymer inhibited films

Metal products are subjected to atmosphere corrosion during transporting and longtime storing. Utilization of packing materials eliminating the access of water vapor and aggressive gases to the metal products surface is an important ways of struggling against the corrosion. Among the methods of metal products protection against the corrosion, application of volatile inhibitors is one of most effective one. As a carrier of the volatile corrosion inhibitors, polyethylene films can be used. Study of strength and barrier properties of polyethylene films with a volatile corrosion inhibitor and without it accomplished. As an object of the study, the films, produced under laboratory conditions by extrusion with blowing of low-density polyethylene and mixture of low-density polyethylene and IFKhAN volatile inhibitor, developed by the Institute of Physical Chemistry (Academy of Sciences of RF). For accelerated corrosion tests, samples of 08пс cold rolled steel used. The prepared samples packed in the studied films, a part of the closed airtight, and another part – not compact. It was traced, that the samples packed in the polyethylene film without the volatile inhibitor, had a point corrosion. The airtight sealed polymer film casings protect the carbon steel much better, comparing with the not compact casings. The surface of samples corrosion worms, which were airtight packed, was 0.15%, not compact ones – 0.33%. When inhibited polymer film was used for not compact packing, the corrosion had a uniform character, no local corrosion worms (pitting) was observed. The corrosion products were spongy, weekly cohered with the basic metal, easily peeling off. During the test period, the samples airtight packed in polyethylene film, containing IFKhAN volatile inhibitors, had no areas of corrosion. It was found, that input of inhibitor into the polyethylene matrix results in decreasing the film strength properties due to formation structure defects at the sub-molecular level during the extrusion, and also as a result of inhibitor desorption.

Гидроизоляционные свойства полиэтиленовых пленок модифицированных нефтью

Гидроизоляционные свойства полиэтиленовых пленок модифицированных нефтью

Effect of Colorant Additive and Thickness on Tensile Properties of Oxo-Biodegradable PE Plastic Bags in Alkaline Solution

Polyethylene (PE) is widely used as packaging materials in the form of plastic bags. After end-use, some of these plastic bags are not properly disposed and may persist in different kinds of environment. Oxo-biodegradable plastics are PE films incorporated with pro-oxidants to promote degradation. As part of the continuing study, changes on the tensile properties of oxo-biodegradable PE plastic bags immersed in alkaline solution at 60 °C are investigated. The effects of colorant additive (varied at two levels) and thickness (varied at three levels) on tensile properties of PE films are reported. Specifically, the tensile strength [MPa], strain at break [%], and elastic modulus [MPa] are monitored with time. It is observed that films undergo degradation which is exhibited by a decrease in all tensile properties after 1008 hours of immersion in alkaline solution. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows that the initial tensile strength and elastic modulus, as well as the strain at break and elastic modulus after 1008 hours of immersion, are all affected by colorant additive.

농산부산물인 옥피, 대두피, 왕겨, 소맥피를 이용한 산화생분해 바이오플라스틱 필름 개발

Biomass-based plastics containing the biomass content higher than 25 wt% have been considered as environment- friendly materials due to their effects on the reduction in the CO2 emission and petroleum consumption as well as biode- gradability after use. This article described the effect of the additions of oxo-biodegradable additive, 4 kinds of plant biomass, unsaturated fatty acid, citric acid in the properties of polyethylene films. Bio films were prepared using a variety of biomasses and tested for feasibility as a food packaging film. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength and percent elongation at break were evaluated. Husk biomasses from such as corn, soybean, rice, and wheat were pulverized using air classifying mill (ACM)

Ageing Effect on the Properties of Tri-Layer Polyethylene Film Used as Greenhouse Roof

This work aims at studying the degradable effect of natural and artificial ageing on tri-layer polyethylene films used as greenhouse cover in the North Africa environment. The film was supplied by Agrofilm and made of low density polyethylene (LDPE), containing additives (e.g., color and infrared IR and ultraviolet UV stabilizers). This film was used to build a real greenhouse located in the North of Algeria. Impact of ageing was monitored by observing the changes in mechanical (strength and ductility) properties. The study has been carried out over a period of eight-months of natural and artificial ageing. The films have been artificially aged at 40°C, 40°C + UVA, 50°C and at 50°C + UVA. The findings show that the environmental factors have degradable effects on the durability and all properties of the polyethylene film. The study revealed also that the degradation parameters measured are directly related to criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of agricultural greenhouse. The simultaneous effect of temperature and UVA radiation induced the most significant degradation on the film surface and consequently a reduction in the lifetime of the material. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of ICM11

Influence of Nanosilica/Polyurethane Composite Coating on IR Effectiveness and Visible Light Transmission Properties of Polyethylene

Polyethylene (PE) film was coated with nanosilica-polyurethane layer using rod Mayer process. The nanosilica-polyurethane system was prepared by dispersing nanosilica (SiO2) powder into solvent borne polyurethane (PU) binder under vigorous stirring. Various compositions of nanosilica-polyurethane slurry were prepared. A battery of characterization procedures were used to study the properties of the nanocomposite coating. ATR FTIR confirmed the presence of functional groups of silica and polyurethane. The uniformity of silica dispersion was probed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). With the introduction of nanosilica to polyurethane binder, the visible light transmittance and ultra-violet (UV) radiation of nanosilica-polyurethane system reduced with increasing nanosilica content and coating layer thickness. The PE coated with nanocomposite containing 14wt% nanosilica and with 8 µm coating thickness showed >88% transmittance in the visible light region. Infrared (IR) effectiveness (between 7 μm to 13 μm wavelengths) measurements by FTIR also showed that nanosilica/polyurethane system coating on PE film surface greatly improved the infrared opacity properties of PE film.

The luminescent properties of polyethylene films with admixtures of luminophores based on europium compounds

Polyethylene films activated with europium(III) complexes with carboxylic acids and Eu(L)3 · nD · xH2O + ANT compositions, where L is the trifluoroacetic, toluyl, or cinnamic acid anion and ANT is anthranilic acid, were prepared. The intensity of luminescence of the polymeric compositions depended on the content of luminophores (molar ratio between europium compounds and anthranilic acid). An analysis of the excitation spectra showed that, in polymer—Eu(L)3 · nPhen · xH2O + ANT compositions, there was effective energy transfer from phenanthroline to anthranilic acid levels.

Effect of Various Additives on Tensile Properties of Polyethylene Films Irradiated in Air, Water, N2, and Vacuum

Low density polyethylene (LDPE) and linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) films of different thickness (0.06 mm, 0.2 mm, and 0.35 mm) were irradiated in vacuum, water, nitrogen, and air atmospheres for various doses from 40 kGy to 200 kGy. Radiation cross-linking occurred at lower doses and chain scission dominated at higher doses. The extent of radiation cross-linking and, consequently, tensile strength (TS) were found to be dependent on the oxidation layer as well as the thickness of the polyethylene (PE) films. The oxidation layer of the PE film was related to the amount of oxygen present in the media of irradiation When different additives from hindered amine light stabilizer (HALS) and ultraviolet light absorber (UVA) were incorporated into these PE films, the extent of radiation cross-linking as well as TS improved. Irradiation in water medium was found to improve radiation cross-linking and TS compared to irradiation in nitrogen and air atmospheres. Irradiation in a vacuum system did not produce any virtual improvement over water system irradiation. Irradiation in water medium is cost-effective compared to that in vacuum and nitrogen atmosphere.

Luminescent Properties of Polyethylene Films with the Addition of Photoluminophores Based on Europium Compounds

Luminescent Properties of Polyethylene Films with the Addition of Photoluminophores Based on Europium Compounds

Properties of polyethylene films with incorporated benzoic anhydride and/or ethyl and propyl esters of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and their suitability for food packaging

Benzoic anhydride and ethyl and propyl esters of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (ETP and PRP, respectively, also termed parabens) incorporated into low density polyethylene (LDPE) film were studied with regard to migration into food and food simulants at 6°C and 25°C, and changes in selected properties of the film were investigated. Antimicrobials were incorporated into polymer film in concentrations of 5g/kg and 10g/kg. The addition of parabens into the polymer was more difficult than benzoic anhydride due to their volatility. For benzoic anhydride, 30–40% and 10–20% of the added amount was found to leach from the film into aqueous and olive oil food simulants, respectively. The migration into both water and olive oil followed a very similar course in the case of parabens. Migration levels over 90% and in the range of 70% to 80%, relative to the amount of agent in the film, were determined for ETP and PRP respectively. The incorporation of antimicrobials into the film significantly changed the functional characteristics of the packaging material, i.e. permeability of oxygen, carbon dioxide and water vapour, tensile strength, coefficient of friction, sealing strength and transparency. Shelf life tests with packaged cheese and toasted bread demonstrated the efficiency of the film containing 10g/kg of BA against mould growth on the food surface during storage at 6°C.

Mechanism of shear modification of low density polyethylene

AbstractIn this paper we address the aspects associated with shear modification of low density polyethylene by extrusion. By successive passes of the polymer through an extruder it can be shown that both the melt viscosity and melt elasticity are reduced by shear modification. These reversible variations are not accompanied by significant changes in molecular weight distribution. The major effects of extrusion are to decrease the amount of elastically effecitve material. Study of proton relaxation times at 150°C shows that the melt comprises regions of relatively ordered, entangled, and unentangled polymer. Shearing reduces the proportion of more ordered material. The elastically effective anchors that are reduced by shearing are regions with restricted segmental mobility rather than conventional entanglements or intermolecular knots. Successive extrusions produce a relatively small decrease in the number of such constraints to molecular motion. Repeated shearing has a diminishing effect on the proportion of more ordered material in the polyethlene melt. This parallels observations of the effects of repeated shear modification on the properties of polyethylene films and other extrudates.

高温領域におけるポリエチレンフィルムの高電界誘電特性

高温領域におけるポリエチレンフィルムの高電界誘電特性

Rheo‐optical properties of polyethylene films in the nonlinear viscoelastic region

AbstractA new apparatus was designed to investigate the dynamic viscoelastic properties of solid polymer materials in the nonlinear viscoelastic region. The apparatus was combined with a birefringence apparatus in such a way that birefringence could be measured simultaneously with stress under oscillatory deformation. The nonlinear viscoelastic behavior of bulk‐crystallized high‐density polyethylene films was examined. Nonlinearity of mechanical properties became evident around 30°C, while optical properties became markedly nonlinear around 50°C. The nonlinearity of viscoelastic properties changes very little when the films are swollen with tetrachloroethane. It is proposed that disruption of lamellae to crystallites in the drawing process is one of the most important causes of the nonlinear behavior of high‐density polyethylene films.

ポリエチレンフィルムの高電界誘電特性

ポリエチレンフィルムの高電界誘電特性