Properties Of Plasticized Polyvinyl Chloride Research Articles

Effect of ionic liquids on structure and electromechanical properties of plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) gels

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) gels, as electroactive polymers, have various applications in the fields of soft actuators and sensors. The relationship between the structure and electromechanical properties of PVC gels, however, has not been fully understood so far. In this work, the effect of different alkyl chain length of 1-allyl- imidazolium cations of tetrafluoroborate (BF4)-based ionic liquid (IL) on structure, mechanical and dielectric properties, bending actuation, sensing and electroadhesion properties of plasticized polyvinyl chloride/dibutyl adipate (PVC/DBA) gel were investigated. The interaction between DBA and ILs in PVC/DBA/IL gels leads to the disruption of interactions between inter-DBA molecules and subsequent formation of DBA-rich phases with DBA/IL complexes. The number of DBA-rich phases in PVC/DBA/IL gels increases as the alkyl chain length of the cation in IL increases, due to an enhanced interaction between DBA and ILs with an increase in the alkyl chain length of the cation in IL. The Young's modulus of the PVC/DBA gel was slightly reduced, while the dielectric constant significantly increased when IL was added. Additionally, the bending actuation properties and capacitance pressure sensing sensitivity of the PVC/DBA/IL gel increased with an increase in the alkyl chain length of the cation of IL. However, there was an opposite trend observed for electroadhesion peel strength. Among the studied PVC/DBA/IL gels, the bending displacement, pressure sensing sensitivity, and electroadhesion peel strength of PVC/DBA/IL gel with 3.2 wt% of 1-allyl-3-butylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([ABIM]BF4) increased by 2.6 times, 7.5 times, and 1.7 times compared to PVC/DBA gel, respectively. These results provide new insights into understanding the relationship between structure and electromechanical properties of PVC gels for their application in actuation, sensing, and electroadhesion integrated soft grippers.

Effect of 1,2-polybutadienes on properties of plasticized polyvinyl chloride

The effect of 1,2-polybutadienes of various molecular weights and structures on the rheological and physicomechanical properties and on the heat resistance of plasticized polyvinyl chloride was studied. The possibility of using 1,2-polybutadienes as modifying components of polyvinyl chloride compounds, improving their processability and enhancing their heat resistance, was examined.

Effect of nano-sized metal compounds on the flame-proof properties of plasticized polyvinyl chloride

Based on data from thermogravimetric analysis and the oxygen index, a PVC composite containing nanosized particles of zinc oxide and amino-tris-methylenephosphonic acid has the best fireproofing indexes. The OI of this composite was 27.5%.

Thermodynamic interactions and nonlinear rheological properties of plasticized polyvinyl chloride

AbstractThe nature of thermodynamic interactions in plasticized semicrystalline materials has a profound effect on the rheological properties. In this work we investigated the effect of mixing thermodynamics on the linear and nonlinear rheological properties of plasticized poly(vinyl chloride). The stress‐dependent creep compliance has been modeled in terms of stress, temperature, concentration, and thermodynamic interaction strength.

The effect of the character of grains on the plasticization and properties of plasticized polyvinyl chloride and vinyl chloride/vinyl acetale copolymers. VI. Co-gelation of PVC and VC-VAc copolymers

The effect of the character of grains on the plasticization and properties of plasticized polyvinyl chloride and vinyl chloride/vinyl acetale copolymers. VI. Co-gelation of PVC and VC-VAc copolymers

Change in the structural state and viscoelastic properties of plasticized polyvinyl chloride under heat treatment

Heat treatment of quenched specimens of polyvinyl chloride containing small amounts of dioctylphthalate (3–20 wt.%) is accompanied by changes in the viscoelastic properties of the polymer (in the shape durability τ s and in the rate at which forced-elastic deformation dϵ dt develops). Changes in τ s and in dϵ dt during heat treatment are most marked in the vicinity of the glass temperature of plasticized PVC (transitional region). These effects are explained in terms of meromorphic type supermolecular structures emerging in the PVC/plasticizer system under heat treatment.

The effect of the grain character on the plasticization and properties of plasticized polyvinyl chloride and copolymers of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate. Part III. Studies on the morphology of grains of copolymers of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate

The effect of the grain character on the plasticization and properties of plasticized polyvinyl chloride and copolymers of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate. Part III. Studies on the morphology of grains of copolymers of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate

The relaxation properties of plasticized polyvinyl chloride as a function of polymerization conditions

The stress relaxations in plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) were studied under isothermal conditions and at constant compression pressure (deformation). These relaxation properties were found to depend strongly on the plasticizer concentration. At up to 50% w/w plasticizer content it was found that the synthesis conditions of the polymer greatly affected the relaxation properties. At contents larger than 50% w/w the parameters of the relaxation process were independent of the temperature of monolithic material formation.

Relationship between the structure and properties of plasticized polyvinyl chloride

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Effect of low plasticizer concentrations on the structural ordering of polyvinylchloride

IN A number of references [1-5] it has been shown that relatively small concentrations of a plasticizer (up to 20 wt. ~ ) not only do not soften polyvinylchloride (PVC) but render it more rigid and brittle. Various authors have attempted to explain this phenomenon in different ways. The increase in brittleness with small plasticizer additions has been connected with an increase in the degree of crystallinity of the polymer [1-2]. In support of this statement, data are put forward from X-ray diffraction analysis of the crystalline copolymer of vinylidene chloride and vinylchloride, which point to the degree of crystallinity passing through a maximum in the region of small plasticizer additions. Data in reference [6] deal with the appearance of a new reflection in electron diffraction pictures of PVC films during their swelling in dibutyl phthalate vapour with annealing at the same time. However, there are also other explanations of this phenomenon. The anomaly in the properties of plasticized PVC has been connected [3] with solvation of the polymer by plasticizer molecules: the stronger the solvation, the less coiled is the shape which the macromolecule has, and the material thus becomes more brittle since the unwinding of the macromolecule, as a result of solvation, decreases its mobility. The increase in the strength of PVC on the addition of small quantities of plasticizer has also been explained by the fact that the first portions of plasticizer are introduced between the polymer bundles, that is plasticization takes place between the bundles [13]. We had previously [5] shown by the method of plasticization that the passage of the strength and modulus of elasticity of PVC through a maximum (and of the elongation at rupture through a minimum) with addition of 10-15 wt.~o of plasticizer (dioctyl phthalate) is connected with an increase in the degree of ordering of the polymer structure. The appearance of an increase in the rigidity of PVC when it is plasticized has acquired special significance in connection with the fact that in recent times

The dynamic properties of plasticized polyvinyl chloride

AbstractAn apparatus for measuring the dynamic mechanical properties of plasticized polyvinyl chloride (P.V.C.) is described. The dynamic modulus, dynamic resilience and dynamic loss factor for Geon 101 P.V.C. plasticized with 33–3, 25 and 15% of di‐(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate (D.O.P.) have been measured at temperatures between — 10° and 100°, at vibration frequencies between 30 and 450 c/s. The relationship between the results of these tests and those of electrical tests is discussed.