Properties Of Nanocrystalline Cellulose Research Articles

A Preliminary Study of Isolation and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Cellulose from Microcrystalline Cellulose by Acid Hydrolysis Process

This research focuses on the isolation of MCC (microcrystalline cellulose) into NCC (nanocrystalline cellulose) by acid hydrolysis process. The sulfuric acid hydrolysis (44 wt.% H2SO4) aims to fibrillation from MCC into NCC material. NCC has good properties such as high-surface-area, high-aspect-ratio, weight light, and reactive materials. The morphology of NCC was characterized by SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) and TEM. The physical characterization was tested using FTIR, XRD, and TGA. The morphological result showed that the particle size of NCC was more homogeneous with a diameter size of 25±3 nm with 310±5 nm in length. The physical properties of NCC better slightly than MCC, indicated by the increasing crystallinity index value from 74.8 to 76.4%, and it has a high thermal resistance of 330°C.

A Step Closer to Sustainable Industrial Production: Tailor the Properties of Nanocrystalline Cellulose from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch

Abstract There is an imperative need to tackle the huge amount of solid wastes from the palm oil production. The current utilization of oil palm biomass and waste management were deemed ineffective to the economic and environmental development. We proposed a sustainable solution to the management of oil palm waste using empty fruit bunch (EFB) to obtain nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC). The diverse properties of NCC were largely attributed to the origin of biomass and the isolation method. This demonstrated the importance of investigating the process parameters in a quantitative manner to ensure the effective production and exploitation of NCC. Response surface methodology was adopted to analyze the interaction effects of size, yield and crystallinity on the NCC production. The size of the acid-hydrolyzed NCC ranging from 15–27 nm in width and 170–317 nm in length was confirmed through the scanning transmission electron microscopy. The crystallinity obtained from the experiments as developed by Box-Behnken design was in the range of 70.35–83.20%, where it exhibited an inverse relation with the hydrolysis yield of NCC in the range of 4.11–80.23%. Through investigating the correlation of responses, an optimum point was obtained at which the yield and crystallinity of NCC were the highest, while the size of NCC was the lowest. The good model reliability indicated that the tailoring of the properties of EFB-origin NCC is feasible, suggesting EFB as a highly promising alternative to alleviate the resource depletion of wood pulp in the development of bio-based material.

Properties of nanocrystalline cellulose from pineapple crown leaf waste

Nanocrystalline cellulose was extracted from pineapple crown leaf as agricultural waste. Nanocrystalline cellulose was successfully extracted using chemical treatments followed by acid hydrolysis using sulfuric acid. Hydrolysis of pineapple crown leaf was carried out by using different hydrolysis time while maintaining acid concentration and temperature. The properties of nanocrystalline cellulose were obtained such % yield, moisture content, crystallinity index (CrI) and functional group present were studied. The yield shown a comparable result regardless of different reaction time of hydrolysis. While Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) showed the progressive removal of non-cellulose content and showed the cellulose molecular structure remains unchanged with the reaction time. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that the crystallinity increased linearly with increasing hydrolysis time. The result showed potential of pineapple crown leaf to be used in nanocrystalline cellulose synthesis process and optimum hydrolysis time was determined based on the properties of nanocrystalline cellulose.

Extraction of Cellulose Nanocrystals with Structure I and II and Their Applications for Reduction of Graphene Oxide and Nanocomposite Elaboration

The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of the hydrolysis process on the properties of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) isolated from different precursors and the subsequent use of the extracted NCC for the reduction of graphene oxide (GO). The raw materials (almond and peanut shells) chosen for the isolation of cellulose were selected on the basis of their abundance and their poorly investigation in the production of NCC. Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was firstly extracted by alkali and bleaching treatments, then hydrolyzed under different processes to produce NCC polymorphs with structure I (NCC-I) and NCC structure II (NCC-II). The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the 13C NMR studies of the alkali and bleached products confirmed the formation of cellulose type I with high purity and good crystallinity, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed micrometric fibers with lengths reaching 80 µm. Sulfuric acid treatment of these microfibers results in NCC type I or II, depending on the hydrolysis process. SEM of the NCC samples exhibited nanorods with diameter and aspect ratio in the range of 20–40 and 20–25 nm, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the MCC and NCC products indicated stable materials with a degradation temperature reaching 240 and 200 °C for MCC and NCC, respectively. The other part of our work concerns the use of the obtained cellulose nanocrystals (type II) for the preparation of reduced graphene oxide composite (NCC/RGO), to demonstrate the reducing properties of the isolated NCCII.

Свойства нанокристаллической целлюлозы, полученной из целлюлоз однолетних растений

Свойства нанокристаллической целлюлозы, полученной из целлюлоз однолетних растений

超声辅助磷钨酸催化制备纳米纤维素及其表征

在超声作用下，以磷钨酸为催化剂水解微晶纤维素，高效快速的制备纳米纤维素(NCC)。超声功率为250 W及磷钨酸浓度为75%的情况下，室温下超声15 min，NCC产率约为84%。采用透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对NCC的形貌、晶型结构及光谱性质进行分析。结果表明：超声辅助磷钨酸催化制备的NCC呈棒状结构，直径分布在19.6~94.0 nm，长度分布在112.4~639.7 nm，晶型结构仍属于纤维素I型，结晶度为82.9%，NCC仍然具有纤维素的基本化学结构。 A fast and effective method was used for the synthesis of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) from microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) by combination of sonication and phosphotungstic acid catalyst. The yield of NCC is about 84% under the reaction condition of phosphotungstic acid concentration of 75%, sonication power of 250 W and 15 min reaction time. The morphological, crystal structure and spectrum properties of NCC were characterized using Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffracmeter (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), respectively. The results indicated that rod-like NCC with the size of 19.6~94.0 nm in width and 112.4~639.7 nm in length was obtained. The XRD result confirmed that the NCC is cellulose type I model with the crystallinity of about 82.9%. The results of FTIR analysis showed that the basic chemical structure of cellulose is maintained.

Improved Properties of Nanocrystalline Cellulose Isolated from Kraft Pulp by Electron Beam Irradiation

Improved Properties of Nanocrystalline Cellulose Isolated from Kraft Pulp by Electron Beam Irradiation

Nanocrystalline Cellulose and Materials Based on It

The influence of the biosynthesis conditions on the structure of bacterial cellulose as a source for nanocrystalline cellulose production was studied. The properties of nanocrystalline cellulose produced from bacterial cellulose were investigated.

Parameters Affecting the Chiral Nematic Phase of Nanocrystalline Cellulose Films

Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) is extracted from woody biomass using acid hydrolysis. It has unique strength and distinctive optical/conductive/magnetic properties. When a suspension of NCC is air-dried, it forms a film with unique characteristics (e.g., iridescence) linked to the formation of chiral nematic structure. In this contribution, the effects of ionic strength, temperature, suspension concentration, and exposure to magnetic field on the morphology of NCC are examined. The influence of these parameters on chiral nematic phase is investigated at a macroscopic level using circular dichroism and polarized microscopy. It is demonstrated that the addition of salt to NCC suspensions, NCC concentration, temperature, and the presence of a magnetic field all have an effect on the pitch of the chiral nematic structure. For example, drying of the NCC film in the presence of a 0.2 T external magnetic field increases the pitch, in a manner dependent on drying time. The implication of these results for the structure and properties of NCC is discussed.