Properties Of Magnesium Alloy Research Articles

Bimodal grain structure and balanced mechanical properties of cryo-rolled Mg-Zn-Y alloy via twinning-induced recrystallization

The microstructure and mechanical properties of the hot-rolled and cryo-rolled Mg-2Zn-0.85Y (wt.%) alloys before and after annealing were studied comparatively. The results show that the cryo-rolled alloy after annealing exhibits a strength and plasticity product of up to 6885 MPa·%, which is the highest among these alloys. The good combination of strength and ductility is mainly attributed to the bimodal grain structure with a weakened texture. Recrystallization primarily occurs in grains with <112¯0>/30.1° twinning, but not in the grains without <112¯0>/30.1° twinning, resulting in the formation of the bimodal structure. The cryo-rolling process could become a promising method for regulating the microstructure and properties of magnesium alloys.

First-principles study of binary and ternary phases in Mg-Gd-Ni alloys

Given the high demand for magnesium alloys across industries, it's crucial to enhance their performance by developing alloys with superior characteristics. The performance of magnesium alloys is closely related to the properties of the precipitated phase. However, there has been insufficient exploration of the mechanical properties of precipitated phases in Mg-Gd-Ni alloys. Hence, this paper calculates the formation energy, electronic structure, elastic modulus, and elastic anisotropy of the precipitated phase in Mg-Gd-Ni alloys using first principles. Calculations of formation energies and elastic constants demonstrate that MgGdNi4, Mg2Ni, 18R-LPSO, Mg2Gd, and 14H-LPSO possess commendable thermodynamic and mechanical stability. Elastic modulus calculations reveal a significant increase in the elastic modulus of magnesium, especially the bulk modulus, upon the addition of Gd and Ni elements, increasing from 34.5 GPa to a peak of 84.9 GPa. Furthermore, the strength increments of the corresponding precipitated alloys, calculated based on the elastic modulus, underscore MgGdNi4 as exhibiting the most significant strength increment. The elastic anisotropy of each second phase is evaluated using the elastic anisotropy factor, the three-dimensional surface, and the projection onto each two-dimensional plane. The order of elastic modulus anisotropy for shear and Young's modulus is MgGdNi4 > Mg2Ni > 18R-LPSO > Mg2Gd > 14H-LPSO. This study provides valuable data for regulating properties in magnesium alloys.

Effect of solidification mode on microstructure evolution and properties of magnesium alloy with long-period stacking ordered phase

Effect of solidification mode on microstructure evolution and properties of magnesium alloy with long-period stacking ordered phase

Effects of hydroxyapatite addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of sintered magnesium matrix composites

This study focused on the microstructure and properties of magnesium alloy (Mg/3Al)-based composites, reinforced with hydroxyapatite (HA) and produced by powder metallurgy (PM) method. In this investigation, Mg alloys were reinforced on the basis of weight percentage (wt%) of HA to produce Mg3Al alloy as well as Mg3Al/3HA, Mg3Al/6HA and Mg3Al/9HAcomposite samples. Measurements were taken based on their properties, including density, hardness, compressive strength, wear rate (WR) and corrosion behaviour. Microstructural studies on the various Mg3Al/HA composites were carried out, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Wear behaviours of the composites were analysed with aid of Taguchi method. Worn surface analysis was performed, using SEM. From the results obtained, better wear resistance property was obtained with the sample Mg3Al/9HA.Evidently, the addition of HA content to the Mg/3Al alloy increased its mechanical strength, due to uniform distribution of HA in the matrix. From signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio analysis, it was observed that the optimum parameters were obtained at HA content of 9 wt%, speed of 2 m/s, displacement of 750 m and applied load of 5 N for minimum WR. Similarly, the optimal parameters for minimal coefficient of friction (COF) were 9 wt%, 1 m/s, 750 m and 5 N. Leveraging from these composite samples, the results obtained stand to advance knowledge on tribology of composite materials, guide the choice and application of the materials, especially where wear and friction are inevitable.

Effect of Solutionising on Change in Phase Morphology, Mechanical Behavior &amp; Corrosion Behavior for AZ Series as Cast Automotive Magnesium Alloy Components

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Magnesium is sought to be one of the futuristic material in automotive due to its superior properties such as density, strength to weight ratio, damping characteristics and thus, making it a key enabler for light weighting. The properties of Magnesium alloys can be widely altered by change in elemental composition and heat treatment. Analysis of composition and phase morphology are driving factors for determining component’s end use properties and can be utilized effectively in its product development cycle. The as-cast AZ series alloys develop microstructure consisting of α-Mg matrix, eutectic α-Mg/γ-Mg&lt;sub&gt;17&lt;/sub&gt;Al&lt;sub&gt;12&lt;/sub&gt; phase with non-uniform Al solute content in the α-Mg. Solutionising causes dissolution of Mg&lt;sub&gt;17&lt;/sub&gt;Al&lt;sub&gt;12&lt;/sub&gt; brittle phase thereby increasing strength and ductility in these alloys. This paper presents analysis of AZ series automotive alloy components with focus on microstructure and mechanical properties change after solutionising. Scanning electron microscopy &amp;amp; energy dispersive spectroscopy techniques are adopted to evaluate phase changes along with morphology which affected properties after solutionising. Corrosion behaviour of AZ91 in as cast, solutionized and solutionized &amp;amp; aged condition is also studied.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Multi-solute solid solution behavior and its effect on the properties of magnesium alloys

The low-density magnesium (Mg) alloys are attractive for the application in aerospace, transportation and other weight-saving-required fields. The mechanical properties and corrosion properties of Mg alloys are the key-property issues for the wide application. It is surprising to find that the solid solution of alloying elements in the α-Mg phase can have multi-effects on the properties of Mg alloys, e.g., solid solution strengthening, solid solution corrosion-resistance-enhancing, etc. Additionally, the alloy design theory of “solid solution strengthening and ductilizing” proposed by Pan and co-workers has attracted extensive attentions. It is promising that by selected proper multi-alloying-elements (with optimal ratio) solid solutioned in the α-Mg phase, the comprehensive properties of Mg alloys can be synergistically improved. In this work, the solid solution behavior of Mg alloys and the followed solid solution property-enhancing effects were reviewed. The mechanisms proposed recently by researchers for these solid solution property-enhancing behaviors were presented, and the related calculations and predictions were also described. It is shown the demonstrations of the fundamentals for the solid solution property-enhancing of Mg alloys, especially from the atomic inter-reaction aspects, still require elaborated characterization work and calculation work. Additionally, it could be expected that the multi-solute in Mg alloys can bring many possibilities, or, in another saying, “cocktail effects”. With understanding the multi-solute interaction behavior and the corresponded solid solution property-enhancing effects, the good balanced high-performance Mg alloys can be developed.

Effect of Texture and Phase Composition on the Corrosion Properties of Magnesium Alloys

Effect of Texture and Phase Composition on the Corrosion Properties of Magnesium Alloys

Dynamic corrosion mechanical properties of magnesium alloys with Erbium in the chloride ions environment

The X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), weight loss corrosion rate, corrosion residual strength (CRS), and slow strain rate tensile (SSRT) methods were used to study the effects of the addition of rare earth Erbium (Er) on the dynamic corrosion mechanical properties of the AM50 magnesium alloy. The results show that after Er was added, a new phase of Al3Er appeared and the microstructure was refined. The corrosion resistance of rare earth Er addition to the alloy was 0.5% &gt; 1.5% &gt; 1.0% &gt; 0. Furthermore, the corrosion rates decreased in 432 h. The CRS results within 168 h show that the strength after an addition of 0.5% Er was the highest and the decline rate was the smallest. According to the shape of the tensile curve of CRS and the morphology of the tensile fracture, the addition of rare earth Er did not change the fracture form of the alloy, which remained as quasi-cleavage.

Characteristics of Structure and Properties of Magnesium Alloys during Plasma Additive Deposition

Characteristics of Structure and Properties of Magnesium Alloys during Plasma Additive Deposition

Coordinated control of preferred orientation and uniformity of AZ31 in accumulative alternating back extrusion

This paper discusses how the accumulative alternating back extrusion (AABE) process was improved by the addition of water-quench and preheating steps to mitigate the of temperature-drop problem caused by long process flows and the problem of die gap feeding. The effect of the number of extrusion cycles on grain refinement was further investigated to elucidate and rationalize the preferred orientation in AABE. Compression experiments were carried out in tandem to explore the effect of AABE on the mechanical properties of the materials. After eight cycles of AABE, the average grain size reached 5.58 μm, and the fine-grain size reached <1 μm. Microstructure results showed that the grain size was significantly refined via discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (DDRX) and uniformity increased with subsequent extrusion cycles. Analysis of the deformation behavior of AABE showed that there was a preferred orientation in the microstructure after alternating, and the orientation of the basal plane was related to the flow velocity field that was simulated by the finite element method. A high Schmid factor and high deformation uniformity was observed after alternating, which was favorable for subsequent processing. Increasing the number of extrusion cycles decreased the material strength and plasticity up to a certain point. Subsequently, an increase was observed, with eight cycles giving the most strength and plasticity. Moreover, the grain size and crystal orientation affected the mechanical properties of the structure. These results provide an important experimental basis for creating AABE methods and fine-tuning the microstructure properties in magnesium alloy.

Tribological investigation of magnesium rare earth alloy for orthopedic application

Magnesium rare earth element (Mg-REE) alloys are actively used as bone implants in orthopedic applications due to their biocompatibility, strengthening ability and degradation rate. Pure Mg when casted has low strength and high rate of degradation. Properties of magnesium alloys can be strengthened and improved by using suitable alloying elements and processing conditions. When Magnesium, alloyed with elements like Al, Ca, Zn, Sr and rare earth elements (REE) used as reinforcing elements, gains high strength, better mechanical, metallurgical, and tribological property due to grain refinement and strong solution reinforcing mechanisms of the alloyed elements. This helps in developing Mg-REE alloy, which is a promising substitute for permanent bone implants due to biodegradability in the physiological environment i.e. inside the human body. In this research work using gravity casting process, by varying the elemental composition of Gadolinium (Gd) in Mg-2Sr, Mg-REE alloy of Mg-2Sr, Mg-2Sr-2Gd, Mg-2Sr-4Gd, Mg-2Sr-8Gd, Magnesium – Strontium – Gadolinium REE alloy is casted using gravity casting method and the tribological properties like wear rate, wear resistance, and coefficient of friction of Mg-REE alloy are investigated.

МАГНИЕВЫЕ СПЛАВЫ: ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ ОТРАСЛИ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ, ПРЕИМУЩЕСТВА И НЕДОСТАТКИ (обзор). Часть 2. Механизм деформации и анизотропия механических свойств магниевых сплавов

Magnesium alloys are the lightest of metallic structural materials with a number of advantages, such as low density, manufacturability and high damping capacity. In this part of the review, the article deals with the anisotropy of the mechanical properties of magnesium alloys associated with the texture of the resulting semi-finished products and products, the relationship of alloying elements with the crystallographic lattice parameters, as well as the deformation mechanisms prevailing in various alloying systems.

The effect of PEO parameters on the properties of biodegradable Mg alloys: a review

This paper comprehensively reviews recent research carried out in the field of preparation of bioactive coatings on magnesium (Mg)–aluminum (Al)–zinc (Zn) alloys by using the plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) method and investigation of factors affecting it. Magnesium–aluminum–zinc alloys (AZ grades) have been developed for use as biodegradation materials because the addition of aluminum and zinc as alloying elements can ameliorate their mechanical properties and increase corrosion resistance over those of pure magnesium alone without decrement in biocompatibility. Among the common methods for improvement of biodegradation, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of magnesium alloys, surface modification techniques have been more effective. PEO is a relatively novel surface modification technique that provides excellent wear- and corrosion-resistant coatings on lightweight metals, in particular on magnesium and its alloys. The processing parameters of PEO, such as pulse frequencies, applied voltages, oxidation time, electrolyte concentrations and substrate chemical composition, are some of the major factors that determine the quality of the coatings in terms of corrosion resistance and bioactivity in body fluid solutions. Considering the fact that comprehensive review articles on the effect of PEO parameters on the properties of magnesium alloys have not been published in recent years, the aim of the present text is to provide an understanding of all aspects of these process parameters.

Effect of various rare-earth metals in magnesium alloys on their strength properties

Based on the results of previously published studies, the main laws of the effect of various rare earth metals on the properties of magnesium alloys used as light structural materials are formulated. It is noted that the properties of magnesium alloys containing rare-earth metals are largely determined by their solubility in solid magnesium, which changes successively with an increase in the atomic number of these elements, as well as the tendency to harden during the decomposition of magnesium solid solutions. The possibility of improving the properties of magnesium alloys when doped with various rare-earth metals in a certain ratio is reported, and the examples of such new alloys are provided.

Effects of Ultrasonic Treatment and Nanoparticles Addition on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AS41A Magnesium Alloy

TiB2 nanoparticles reinforced AS41A alloys were fabricated by ultrasonic assisted stir casting. The influence of ultrasonic treatment and TiB2 nanoparticles on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AS41A magnesium alloy was investigated. The results showed that the ultrasonic treatment obviously refined microstructure, thereby improving the mechanical properties of the magnesium alloys. The addition of TiB2 further increased the tensile strength slightly while maintaining the improved elongation as the ultrasound-treated matrix alloys.The ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of the obtained nanocomposites were improved by 27.4%, 43.5% and 84.6% compared with those of the as-cast matrix alloys, respectively.

Development and influence of tribomechanical properties on magnesium based hybrid metal matrix composites-a review

Composite materials are being widely studied for the last few decades, and it has optimized the day to day applications in the engineering field. In this advancement, the use and development of metal matrices was a significant outcome that concentrated on the addition of many particulate materials in a metal matrix at nano and micro levels. Among these Magnesium, metal matrices are having a high potential, especially in transport, defense, and aircraft industries. Many research works are being carried out to use the capabilities of Magnesium and has provided excellent results. This paper is an overview of the development, processing, and improvement of properties in Magnesium alloys. Various manufacturing processes such as self-propagating high-temperature method, stir casting, laser cladding, and powder metallurgy has been used to develop the magnesium composites for increasing the properties by using various wt% of reinforcements added in the matrix. The improvement in mechanical properties such as tensile strength, yield strength, hardness and tribological properties such as wear rate is reviewed. The different properties and capabilities of Magnesium alloys such as AZ31, AZ91, and ZE41 is also discussed from the various research works.

Effect of Tool Pin Profile on Microstructure and Hardness of Magnesium Alloy Zk60/SiCp Surface Composites Fabricated by Friction Stir Processing

Abstract The combination of stiffness, good castability, high specific strength, and low density makes magnesium alloys ideal materials, particularly in lightweight structural applications. The two major drawbacks of magnesium alloys are poor friction and wear resistance, because they restrict the structural applications. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance the tribological properties of magnesium alloys without creating many adverse effects on the properties of the base metal by using surface engineering. In order to achieve a sound fabrication of surface metal matrix composites on the magnesium plate, friction stir processing (FSP) often serves as a good candidate. However, the process parameters should be suitably selected to fabricate a sound FSP zone. Tool pin profile is a major significant process parameter, particularly in FSP, as it plays major part in the formation of a processed region with a uniform distribution of reinforcement particles. In this study, an attempt was made to understand the major effects of tool pin profiles, namely, cylindrical thread, plain cylindrical, plain tapered cylindrical (PTC), and square on the microstructure characteristics and particle distribution of FSP ZK60/Silicon Carbide particle (SiCp) surface composites. Of the four pin profiles, surface composites fabricated by means of PTC pin profile resulted in a defect-free and higher hardness processed zone. This was attributed to the higher shear force offered by the PTC pin profile, which aids proper material flow with evenly distributed particles.

Texture and Anisotropy of the Mechanical Properties of Magnesium Alloys

The effects of alloying and a treatment technology on the texture and the anisotropy of the mechanical properties of magnesium-based alloys are reviewed. Quantitative methods are proposed for the investigation and control of the texture and anisotropy parameters of the alloys. Various aspects of the application of granular metallurgy to enhance a complex of the properties of magnesium alloys are discussed.

Design and examination of the new biosoluble casting alloy of the system Mg–Zr–Nd for osteosynthesis

We have performed a comparative analysis of existing materials for the fabrication of implants and report their physical-mechanical properties; their advantages and disadvantages have been defined. It is shown that magnesium alloys are among the most promising biosoluble materials. They are bioinert and biocompatible, but their use in osteosynthesis is limited mainly by their inadequate mechanical properties due to the high rate of biodegradation, which requires improving them by changing the chemical composition of the alloy. In order to develop a new magnesium-based biosoluble alloy, we have selected the most suitable doping systems in accordance with the established criteria. Employing the methods of experiment design, we studied the separate and joint influence of zirconium, neodymium and zinc on structure formation and mechanical properties of magnesium alloy. Mathematical models have been constructed that describe the influence of the examined alloying elements on the mechanical properties of the metal. Using the regression equations derived, we have carried out the optimization of the chemical composition of magnesium alloy. The industrial and pre-clinical tests of implants made from the designed biosoluble alloy have been performed. Experiments on animals confirmed the absence of toxic effect from the products of degradation of the devised magnesium alloy on a living organism. Studying the influence of the designed alloy on reparative osteogenesis during experiment on rabbits has shown the positive dynamics of bone tissue regeneration without noticeable changes in its structure, which ensures reliable merging of elements in bones at osteosynthesis. It was established that the implants made from the designed alloy possess the necessary level of mechanical properties that match the mechanical properties of bone tissue. At the same time, they are non-toxic and provides a secure bone tissue healing until the complete fracture consolidation. Positive results of the experiments conducted allow us to suggest a favorable prognosis on the possibility of using implants made from the devised biosoluble alloy of the system Mg–Zr–Nd in humans

Effect of Some Impurities on the Structure, the Phase Composition, and the Properties of Magnesium Alloys Containing Rare-Earth Elements

The effect of a number of natural impurities (hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, aluminum) on the phase formation in magnesium alloys with rare-earth elements (REEs) has been studied. The most active gaseous impurity is found to be hydrogen, which forms disperse yttrium and zirconium hydrides and other phases. The compounds of the alloying components of an alloy with these impurities can slightly increase the strength properties of deformed complex Mg–Zn–Zr–REE alloys; in this case, their fatigue characteristics decrease by a factor of 1.3–1.5.