Properties Of Knitted Fabrics Research Articles

Research of physical and mechanical properties of knitted fabrics of plush interlooping with reduced material consumption

The article discusses methods for manufacturing lined weave plush knitwear and ways to reduce the material intensity of knitted fabrics. The purpose of the study is to reduce the material consumption of products while maintaining operational, hygienic and aesthetic properties in the production of knitted fabrics. As a result of experimental work, the technological capabilities of the KН-323D flat knitting machine were studied and new types of lined weave plush knitwear were developed. Comparing the bulk density of plush knitwear with elongated lining broaches with the main base weave, it is clear that the presence of elongated lining broaches in the knitwear structure increases the thickness of the knitwear and reduces the bulk density. The breathability of a lined weave plush jersey is significantly less than that of a basic weave. It has been established that air permeability coefficients can be reduced to 33.1% (46.3-66.9 cm3/cm2∙sec) by adjusting the length of the threads of the lining broaches of plush knitted fabric of lined weave. Regression equations are derived to determine the dependence of bulk density, breaking load (along the length and width) and the air permeability index of knitted fabric on technological factors. Mathematical models were built in Excel using regression equations. The research results make it possible to improve the quality and consumer properties of knitted products, and to select advanced production technologies for their production.

BİSİKLET SPORU GİYSİLERİNDE KULLANILAN ÖRME KUMAŞLARIN GİYİM KONFORU ÖZELLİKLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ - INVESTIGATING THE CLOTHING COMFORT PROPERTIES OF KNITTED FABRICS USED IN CYCLING SPORTSWEAR

In this research, it was aim to investigate the clothing comfort properties of knitted fabrics intended for summer cycling sportswear. Five different fiber types and five different knitted structures commonly used in cycling sportwear were selected and totally 25 fabrics were manufactured by using a seamless circular knitting machine namely Santoni SM8-TOP2V in a controlled manner. To assess the impact of material type and knitted structures on clothing comfort properties, mass per unit area, thickness, air permeability, thermal conductivity, thermal resistance, overall moisture management capability and relative vapour permeability tests were conducted. The statistical significance of variations in the obtained results was evaluated using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) method. In conclusion, the most suitable material and knitted structure have been recommended for summer upper body cycling clothing.

Comprehensive performance evaluation based on electromagnetic shielding properties of the weft-knitted fabrics made by stainless steel/cotton blended yarn

Abstract Electromagnetic shielding (EMS) fabric is an effective way to prevent electromagnetic (EM) radiation. However, the research about mechanism analysis of the fabrics’ structure, EM wave (EMW) incident direction, and EMW frequency on the EMS properties of knitted fabrics is discordant at present. Meanwhile, researchers are focused on improving the EMS efficiency of the fabric but rarely discussed the thermal-wet comfort of the fabric. Therefore, in this study a series of weft-knitted fabrics within stainless steel/cotton (30/70) blended yarns were knitted, and the effects of EMW incident direction, stitches, loop lengths, and frequency on EMS effectiveness (EMSE) were analyzed. Meanwhile, the EMS property, warmth retention property, air permeability, moisture permeability, and bursting strength were selected as the evaluation index to evaluate the comprehensive properties of the fabrics by fuzzy mathematics. The results showed that all factors had different degrees of influence on EMSE, and the weft inlay stitch had both the functionality and thermal-wet comfort, which was excellent EMSE in knitted fabric. These results are expected to provide a reference to the design of EMS weft-knitted fabrics.

Evaluation of the comfort properties of functional knitted fabrics for people with special needs

In this study, several comfort properties of knitted fabrics were investigated. Seven types of knitted fabrics made of combinations of natural fibres (e.g., cotton, wool, and bamboo), artificial fibres (e.g., modal) and synthetic fibres (e.g., polyester and acrylic) were produced. The knitted samples were subjected to several comfort tests, including air permeability, thermal resistance and water vapour resistance assessments. To determine the correlations among the comfort properties of the fabric, fabric structural properties, such as fabric weight and fabric thickness, were considered. Moreover, statistically significant differences were found in terms of dry thermal resistance, water vapour resistance and air permeability depending on the structural parameters of the fabric.

Study on the Comfort Properties of Knitted Fabrics Produced from Conventional and Sustainable Cotton and Polyester Fibres

Recently, the production of organic fibres and the recycling of textile waste have become essential global issues due to the decrease in non-renewable resources and the increase in disposal costs. The aim of this work was to identify changes in the properties of single jersey knitwear produced from conventional and sustainable fibres after 20 washes. The samples were knitted from different conventional and sustainable yarns. The selected conventional fibres were 100% cotton, 50% cotton-50% polyester and 100% polyester, while the sustainable fibres were 100% better cotton, 100% recycled polyester, and 50% organic cotton-50% recycled polyester. Measurements were taken before and after 20 washes according to the relevant standards. It was found that fabric produced from 100% recycled polyester is suitable for active sportswear due to its high air permeability, and resistance to heat and water vapor. In addition, the fabric with 50% organic cotton-50% recycled polyester fibres was more suitable for cold environmental conditions due to its lowest water vapor resistance, good air permeability and high thermal resistance.

New Dimensions of Various Interlock Knitted Derivatives

ABSTRACT This study investigated the derivatives of interlock knitted structures by changing stitch type, location, and their percentage (%) on different performance properties. In the current study, 11 different interlock knit structures were developed by using multiple combinations of knit, tuck, and miss stitches and different types of testing, i.e., physical, mechanical, thermo-physiological comfort, tactile comfort, and dimensional properties, were performed and investigated. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to determine the statistical significance of structure on the properties. Based on the results, it was concluded that stitch type, percentage, and location have a prominent influence on the abovementioned properties of knit fabrics, which is also elaborated by interaction plots. The present research used a multi-response optimization technique, i.e., principal component analysis (PCA), to identify the best structure for industrial applications like uniforms, based on the optimization of abovementioned properties. Based on the results, it was suggested that a sample with an interlock cross relief structure was found to be the best in all aspects among all samples, followed by interlock pique and double tuck, which were ranked as 2nd and 3rd, respectively. This paper highlights the possible application of different interlock knitted structures according to end use for manufacturers.

Influence of tuck stitches on the physical and mechanical properties of knitted fabrics

This article discusses ways to develop combined knitwear based on elastic weave. The purpose of the dissertation work is to improve the technology for the production of knitted fabrics with reduced material consumption, which will provide and satisfy the demand of the population with high-quality knitted products that have high performance, hygienic and consumer properties. As a result of the experimental work, the technological capabilities of the modern LIBRA 3.130 flat knitting machine were studied and new types of combined knitwear based on elastic interlock weave were obtained. Regularities of the influence of elements of the structure of knitwear on the parameters and physical and mechanical properties of the fabric of knitwear are established. Comparing the volumetric density of the combined knitwear of different structures, one can be convinced that the presence of rows of satin stitch and a derivative surface in the structure of elastic knitwear not only reduces extensibility and increases dimensional stability, but in some cases reduces the bulk density of knitwear. It has been established that the air permeability coefficients can be reduced to 40% (168.6 - 236.6 cm3/cm2∙sec) for combined knitwear by reducing the length of the thread in the loop. It has been established that a decrease in the surface density of combined knitwear based on elastic and interlock weave can also be achieved by skipping stitches, since this reduces the length of the thread spent on the formation of one loop row. On the basis of a comprehensive comparison, optimal options for new models of knitwear structures with improved physical, mechanical and consumer properties are proposed. Regression equations are derived to determine the dependence of the bulk density of the knitted fabric and the air permeability index on technological factors. The results of the study make it possible to expand the range of knitted products, re-duce the consumption of raw materials per unit of production, as well as improve the quality and consumer proper-ties of the range produced, choose high-quality samples and technologies for their production.

Impact of yarn compositions, loop length, and float stitches on the mechanical behavior of knitted fabrics via full factorial design and RSM

This article presents a study on the tensile properties of knitted fabrics commonly employed in polymeric matrix textile composites. The key mechanical parameters investigated include stress (Pa), strain, Young's modulus (Pa), and work of rupture (J). The knitted fabrics were developed using the Cixing Knitting System software and subsequently manufactured using a double jersey (electronic) flat knitting machine. The primary objective of this research was to explore the impact of various factors on the mechanical behavior of these knitted fabrics. The factors studied were wale and course directions, float stitch density, loop length (cm), and the type of synthetic knitting yarns used (100% polyester and 100% polyamide) along with different combinations of knitting yarns (100% cotton and 67% polyester/33% cotton hybrid). The adopted ASTM D 5034 standard, Response Surface Methodology (RSM), and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were employed to evaluate the mechanical performance of these fabric structures. The findings of the study revealed that the statistical adjustment of the data set for stress, strain, Young's modulus, and work of rupture in knitted fabric structures significantly reduced the standard deviations for mechanical responses. This information holds particular significance as it pertains to the frequent use of these knitted fabric structures as reinforcement in textile-reinforced composite materials. Overall, this study sheds light on the mechanical behavior in structures of knitted fabrics used in polymeric matrix composites, providing valuable insights for the design and optimization of advanced textile-based materials.

Comparative Analysis of Structural Effect of Single Jersey and its Derivative Fabrics on Mechanical and Comfort Properties of Knitted Fabric

The physical, mechanical, and comfort properties of knitted fabrics depend on the type, shape, and number of loops per unit area. Physical properties, namely areal density depend on the ratio of knit, tuck, and miss stitches. The higher the ratio of touch stitches, the higher would be the areal density of the knitted fabric. Double Lacoste had a higher ratio of touch stitches and single jerseys had a zero ratio of tuck stitches. Noticeably, the double Lacoste had the highest areal density, whereas the single jersey had the lowest areal density among all knitted fabrics. Therefore, areal density was inversely proportional to the loop length. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength and bursting strength also depend upon the type and length of the loop. The knit loop had the highest tensile and bursting strength, which decreased as the ratio of touch stitches increased. Air permeability increased with the increasing ratio of tuck stitches and reduced when the fabric contains 100% of the knit loops.

Electromagnetic Shielding and Comfort Properties of Knitted Fabrics Produced by Electrically Conductive Fibers

Electromagnetic Shielding and Comfort Properties of Knitted Fabrics Produced by Electrically Conductive Fibers

Investigation on Thermal Comfort Characteristics of Newly Engineered Yarn Umorfil® Knitted Fabrics

This study investigated the thermal comfort properties of knitted fabrics produced from newly engineered Umorfil® yarns and their blends with Tencel®, wool, acrylic and polyester yarns. Single jersey-knitted fabrics were produced with 50/50% blended yarns (Umorfil®/Tencel®, Umorfil®/wool, Umorfil®/acrylic, and Umorfil®/polyester) and with 100% Umorfil® yarn for comparison. In this regard, the thermal comfort properties (thermal conductivity, thermal resistance, thermal absorptivity), air permeability, relative water vapour permeability, water absorbency, and wicking characteristics of these fabrics were measured and evaluated statistically. The results revealed that, 100% Umorfil® and 50/50% Umorfil®/Tencel® fabrics provided better characteristics in terms of thermal conductivity, air permeability, water absorbency, wicking behaviours, and colder feelings for the use of fabrics in hot climate products. It is also suggested that owing to the synergistic effect of these two materials, the blend of Umorfil® with Tencel® enhanced the thermal comfort and liquid moisture transmission capacities of the fabrics.

Influence of tuck stitches on the physical and mechanical properties of knitted fabrics

Purpose This study aims to investigate the effects of the number of miss stitches and tuck stitches in the knit structure on the technological parameters and physical and mechanical properties of knitted fabrics. Design/methodology/approach The number of miss stitches and tuck stitches was increased from 3.6% to 8.3%, and the influence of this increase on knitwear properties was analyzed. Findings It was found that an increase from 3.6% to 8.3% leads to a decrease in the stretchability of knitwear in width from 330% to 290% and in length from 112% to 95%. With an increase from 5% to 6.3%, the surface density of knitwear decreases by 11.6 g. And with an increase from 6.3% to 8.3%, the surface density of knitwear decreases by 11.8 g. It was also found that the presence of miss stitches and tuck stitches in the knit structure reduces the material consumption, and the presence of miss stitches increases the shape stability of the knitted fabric. Originality/value It was concluded that the number of miss stitches and tuck stitches has the strongest influence on surface density, followed by volume density.

Thermal comfort properties of knitted fabrics produced from bamboo/polyester core-spun yarns

The influence of polyester content, twist and loop length on the comfort properties of single jersey knitted fabrics produced from 100% bamboo, 80:20 bamboo/polyester and 60:40 bamboo/polyester core-spun yarns has been studied. Comfort properties, such as air permeability, moisture vapour transmission, thermal conductivity and thermal resistance properties have been analyzed with three different twist levels and loop lengths. Box–Behnken, a three level three factorial design software, has been used to study the interactive effect of core-sheath ratio, twist and loop length on the comfort properties of single jersey knitted fabrics, response surface equations are derived and the design variables are optimized. It is found that the increase in bamboo content in the core yarns having high twist and loop length increases the moisture vapour transmission and thermal conductivity of the knitted fabrics. The air permeability and thermal resistance of the knitted fabrics are found to be higher as the polyester component is increased. High twist and loop length increase the thermal comfort properties of knitted fabrics.

Moisture transport behaviour of Eli-Twist knitted fabric and its comparison with fabric made from yarns spun on different spinning systems

In this study, moisture management properties of knitted fabrics from Eli-Twist polyester and cotton yarns have been investigated. A comparative analysis with knitted fabrics from conventional ring-spun, siro-spun and compact yarns has also been made to assess its suitability. It is observed that polyester and cotton fabrics made from Eli-Twist yarn show very good permeability and moisture management characteristics.

Effects of Recycled Fiber Usage and Laundering Processes on the Performance Properties of Knitted Fabrics

Effects of Recycled Fiber Usage and Laundering Processes on the Performance Properties of Knitted Fabrics

Optimization of Knitted Fabrics for better Thermo-Physiological Comfort by using Taguchi-based Principal Component Analysis

The water, air permeability and thermal resistance of fabrics are important attributes that have a significant impact on the thermal comfort properties of sportswear fabrics in different environmental conditions. In this work, terry and fleece fabrics were developed by varying the fibre content and mass per unit area of fabrics. Moreover, the thermo-physical properties of the developed fabrics, including air permeability, water vapor permeability and thermal resistance, were analysed before and after washing. The multi-response optimization of the thermal comfort properties of knitted fabrics was performed using principal component analysis (PCA) and the Taguchi signal-to-noise ratio (PCA-S/N ratio) to achieve optimal properties. It was determined that the selected parameters (fabric type, finishing, fibre content and fabric mass per unit area) had a significant effect on the thermal comfort properties of knitted fabrics. The PCA analysis showed that 100% cotton terry fabric before washing with an aerial weight of 220 g/m2 had higher air and water vapor permeability value, but a lower thermal resistance value.

Study of the mechanical properties of knitted fabrics

In this article results of analyses physical-mechanical properties of 3 new structures of fleecy knitting interloping made by cotton yarn of different linear density at the flat knitting machine TERROT have been offered. The influence of the location of the lining thread on the physical and mechanical properties of the lining knitted fabric in the composition of the newly formed, it turned out the place of their use can be determined by the type of raw material.

Investigation of comfort properties of knitted fabrics made of core-spun vortex yarns

Different yarn spinning methods with different fiber combinations provide an optimization for the consumer requests of durability, functionality, comfort, and price. Vortex yarns and the fabrics produced from these yarns have aroused interest for the last years owing to lower yarn production cost and the satisfying fabric comfort properties. Within this work, core-spun vortex knitted fabrics of three different yarn count (400, 300, and 200 dtex) with six different core yarn type (70 dtex Polyvinyl alcohol, 110/36 dtex/filament polyester yarn, 80/36 dtex/filament polyester yarn, 110/333 dtex/filament micro polyester yarn, 50/96 dtex/filament, 120 dtex staple polyester vortex yarn) and two different sheath sliver types (100% viscose, polyester-viscose blended sliver) were studied. Moisture management transport property (MMT), water vapor permeability, and air permeability properties of those knitted fabrics were evaluated comparatively. Obtained results were statistically evaluated using three-way ANOVA test. It was determined that core yarn type, sheath sliver type, and yarn linear density were generally influential factors on MMT, water vapor permeability, air permeability properties of the core-spun vortex fabrics at significance level of 0.05. Correlation analyses between yarn hairiness and water vapor permeability as well as between yarn hairiness and air permeability were indicated. The conducted work provides an initial phase toward a better understanding of influence of some core-spun vortex yarn parameters on comfort properties of knitted fabrics.

Investigating the Wear Comfort Properties of Knitted Fabrics Made with a Novel Biodegradable Polyester Yarn

Investigating the Wear Comfort Properties of Knitted Fabrics Made with a Novel Biodegradable Polyester Yarn

Strukturne karakteristike, kompresiona i prekidna svojstva desno-levih kuliranih pletenina pre i posle pranja

The structural characteristics, compression, and strength properties of knitted fabrics, before and after washing, were investigated in this paper. The experimental material consisted of three plain weft-knitted fabrics produced of cotton, wool, and organic wool. The structural characteristics of the knitted fabrics were analyzed by measuring the number of courses and Wales per centimeter, stitch density, yarn loop length, weight, and thickness. The compression properties were determined by measuring compressibility, thickness loss, and compressive resilience. The strength properties were investigated by measuring the bursting strength and ball traverse elongation. The results showed that stitch density and raw material composition affect compression properties, raw material composition affects strength properties, and washing affects structural characteristics, compression, and strength properties of knitted fabrics. After washing, all knitted fabrics increased in the number of courses and Wales per centimeter, stitch density, weight, thick-ness, compressibility, thickness loss, and ball traverse elongation, and decreased in compressive resilience and bursting strength. Additionally, shrinkage of the knitted fabrics was observed after washing. Also, cotton and organic wool knit-ted fabrics decreased in yarn loop length, while wool knitted fabric increased in yarn loop length after washing.