Fluid Properties Research Articles

CO2 transport in supercritical state: Nikiski, Alaska pipeline study

AbstractCarbon dioxide (CO2) in the supercritical state, being denser yet less viscous, is suitable for long‐distance transportation. Despite this well‐known principle, implementing an operational scheme with appropriate inlet pressure and mass flow rate for supercritical CO2 (srCO2) transportation is challenging due to the complex interplay among state variables, fluid properties, pipeline dimensions and materials, and the intricate boundary and ambient conditions surrounding the pipeline. This paper utilizes PIPESIM software to conduct a feasibility study of srCO2 transportation over a 10‐mile‐long model pipeline in the Cook Inlet region of Alaska, USA. The study aims to understand the limitations of operational parameters and develop a scheme for selecting feasible parameters for srCO2 transportation. Considering geographic location, elevation profiles, and ambient conditions, the simulations calculated pressure and temperature profiles, erosion kinetics, and fluid states for various conditions derived from a combinatorial set of pipeline diameters ranging from 11 to 16 in, inlet pressures between 1,400 and 1,900 psia, and mass flow rates from 10 to 275 lbm/s, with an inlet temperature of 200 °F. The major findings indicate that larger pressure losses are expected in smaller pipelines that are well‐insulated and/or operated at lower inlet pressures. Turbulent flow is more likely to occur in smaller pipelines and at higher mass flow rates, potentially altering the state of the transported fluid. The parametric modeling results provide a scenario‐driven approach to determining a feasible range of mass flow rates, pipeline inner diameters, and inlet pressures for srCO2 transportation. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Heat and mass transfer analysis in flow of Walter's B nanofluid: A numerical study of dual solutions

AbstractThis study investigates the behavior of Walter's liquid B fluid over a biaxially stretching/shrinking surface for Homann stagnation point flow, focusing on the rheological properties that are crucial for understanding physical phenomena in engineering and industrial processes. The problem is modeled using Buongiorno's model in the presence of a permeable surface subject to heat generation/absorption, Ohmic heating, and chemical reactions influenced by Arrhenius activation energy. The governing partial differential equations are solved numerically using an appropriate similarity transformation, and the results are graphically analyzed via MATLAB's bvp5c solver. The study highlights the importance of characterizing the intricate properties of viscoelastic fluids, with potential applications in biomedical engineering and materials science. The findings reveal the coexistence of two distinct flow regimes and dual solutions are obtained. It is noted that the activation energy parameter is shown to enhance mass distribution in both solutions, while chemical reactions accelerate reactant conversion but reduce mass distribution. Additionally, an increase in viscoelasticity shifts the fluid's behavior towards elasticity, creating greater resistance to shear deformation and reducing both velocity profiles.

The impact of body position on neurofluid dynamics: present insights and advancements in imaging

The intricate neurofluid dynamics and balance is essential in preserving the structural and functional integrity of the brain. Key among these forces are: hemodynamics, such as heartbeat-driven arterial and venous blood flow, and hydrodynamics, such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation. The delicate interplay between these dynamics is crucial for maintaining optimal homeostasis within the brain. Currently, the widely accepted framework for understanding brain functions is the Monro-Kellie’s doctrine, which posits a constant sum of intracranial CSF, blood flow and brain tissue volumes. However, in recent decades, there has been a growing interest in exploring the dynamic interplay between these elements and the impact of external factors, such as daily changes in body position. CSF circulation in particular plays a crucial role in the context of neurodegeneration and dementia, since its dysfunction has been associated with impaired clearance mechanisms and accumulation of toxic substances. Despite the implementation of various invasive and non-invasive imaging techniques to investigate the intracranial hemodynamic or hydrodynamic properties, a comprehensive understanding of how all these elements interact and are influenced by body position remains wanted. Establishing a comprehensive overview of this topic is therefore crucial and could pave the way for alternative care approaches. In this review, we aim to summarize the existing understanding of intracranial hemodynamic and hydrodynamic properties, fundamental for brain homeostasis, along with factors known to influence their equilibrium. Special attention will be devoted to elucidating the effects of body position shifts, given their significance and remaining ambiguities. Furthermore, we will explore recent advancements in imaging techniques utilized for real time and non-invasive measurements of dynamic body fluid properties in-vivo.

Effect of non-additive mixing on entropic bonding strength and phase behavior of binary nanocrystal superlattices.

Non-additive mixing plays a key role in the properties of molecular fluids and solids. In this work, the potential for athermal order-disorder phase transitions is explored in non-additive binary colloidal nanoparticles that form substitutionally ordered compounds, namely, for equimolar mixtures of octahedra + spheres, which form a CsCl lattice compound, and cubes + spheres, which form a NaCl crystal. Monte Carlo simulations that target phase coexistence conditions were used to examine the effect on compound formation of varying degrees of negative non-additivity created by component size asymmetry and by size-tunable indentations in the polyhedra's facets, intended to allow the nestling of neighboring spheres. Our results indicate that the stabilization of the compound crystal requires a relatively large degree of negative non-additivity, which depends on particle geometry and the packing of the relevant phases. It is found that negative non-additivity can be achieved in mixtures of large spheres and small cubes having no indentations and lead to the athermal crystallization of the NaCl lattice. For similarly sized components, athermal congruent transitions are attainable and non-additivity can be generated through indentations, especially for the cubes + spheres system. Increasing indentation leads to lower phase coexistence free energy and pressure in the cubes + spheres system but has the opposite effect in the octahedra + spheres system. These results indicate a stronger stabilizing effect on the athermal compound phase by the cubes' indentations, where a deeper nestling of the spheres leads to a denser compound phase and a larger reduction in the associated pressure-volume free-energy term.

Improved Rapid Equilibrium Dialysis-Mass Spectrometry (RED-MS) Method for Measuring Small Molecule-Protein Complex Binding Affinities in Solution.

Rapid equilibrium dialysis (RED) is predominantly used for the characterization of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties in plasma and biological fluids. We describe herein improvements in the use of RED in conjunction with mass spectrometry (RED-MS) to enable robust binding affinity measurements of small molecules for recombinant proteins and complexes from a single dialysis data set. The affinities calculated from RED-MS correlated well with measurements by both surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and affinity selection mass spectrometry (AS-MS). The method was particularly useful for quantifying the binding of small molecules to large protein complexes that were not amendable by common biophysical characterization techniques. Compound pooling and integration with automated liquid handling increased assay throughput and enabled the analysis of hundreds of measurements per week. RED-MS offers a viable option for measuring compound binding in solution and may facilitate small molecule affinity optimization toward difficult-to-drug protein complexes.

Neural network-assisted model of interfacial fluids with explicit coarse-grained molecular structures.

Interfacial fluids are ubiquitous in systems ranging from biological membranes to chemical droplets and exhibit a complex behavior due to their nonlinear, multiphase, and multicomponent nature. The development of accurate coarse-grained (CG) models for such systems poses significant challenges, as these models must effectively capture the intricate many-body interactions, both inter- and intramolecular, arising from atomic-level phenomena, and account for the diverse density distributions and fluctuations at the interface. In this study, we use advanced machine learning techniques incorporating force matching and diffusion probabilistic models to construct a robust CG model of interfacial fluids. We evaluate our model through simulations in various settings, including the water-air interface, bulk decane, and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine monolayer membranes. Our results show that our CG model accurately reproduces the essential many-body and interfacial properties of interfacial fluids and proves effective across different CG mapping strategies. This work not only validates the utility of our model for multiscale simulations, but also lays the groundwork for future improvements in the simulation of complex interfacial systems.

Ultra-Stretchable Microfluidic Devices for Optimizing Particle Manipulation in Viscoelastic Fluids.

Viscoelastic microfluidics leverages the unique properties of non-Newtonian fluids to manipulate and separate micro- or submicron particles. Channel geometry and dimension are crucial for device performance. Traditional rigid microfluidic devices require numerous iterations of fabrication and testing to optimize these parameters, which is time-consuming and costly. In this work, we developed a flexible microfluidic device using ultra-stretchable and biocompatible Flexdym material to overcome this issue. Our device allows for simultaneous modification of channel dimensions by external stretching. We fabricated a stretchable device with an initial square microchannel (30 μm × 30 μm), and the channel aspect ratio can be adjusted from 1 to 5 by external stretching. Next, the effects of aspect ratio, particle size, flow rate, and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) concentration that make the fluid viscoelastic on particle migration were investigated. Finally, we demonstrated the feasibility of our approach by testing channels with an aspect ratio of 3 for the separation of both particles and cells.

A Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Drilling Fluid Rheology on Cutting Migration in Horizontal Wells at Different Drilling Fluid Temperatures

In recent years, significant breakthroughs have been made in the exploration of deep to ultra-deep oil and gas reserves onshore in China. These conventional deep to ultra-deep reservoirs are typically buried at depths exceeding 4500 m, with bottom-hole temperatures surpassing 150 °C. The high temperatures at the bottom of the well are more likely to cause deterioration in drilling fluid properties, altering its rheological properties and reducing cutting transport efficiency, which can lead to wellbore cleaning issues. In this paper, the numerical simulation method is used to analyze the influence of cutting particle size, drilling fluid flow rate, drill pipe rotation speed, and drill pipe eccentricity on the annular cutting concentration under different wellbore drilling fluid temperature conditions. The results show that at the same cutting particle size, as the drilling fluid temperature increases, the cutting concentration in the annulus increases sharply. The increase is the largest when the particle size is 3 mm, and when the drilling fluid temperature is 220 °C, the cutting concentration increases by 79.7% compared to at 200 °C and by 279% compared to at 180 °C. When the flow rate increases from 0.5 m/s to 1.0 m/s, the annular cutting concentration at drilling fluid temperatures of 220 °C and 200 °C decreases by 70.5% and 50.4%, respectively. The higher the drilling fluid temperature, the better the cutting removal effect when increasing the drill pipe rotation speed. However, when the rotation speed exceeds 120 rpm, the change in cutting concentration with increasing rotation speed becomes insignificant. When the drill pipe eccentricity is small, an increase in drilling fluid temperature leads to a significant rise in annular cutting concentration. However, when the drill pipe eccentricity is large, changes in drilling fluid temperature have a smaller impact on cutting concentration. The research findings can provide engineering guidance and theoretical support for the design of drilling fluid hydraulic parameters for cutting transport and rheological parameters in high-temperature wellbores.

Machine-Learning Approach PredictsGel Strength of Drilling Fluid While Drilling

_ This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper OTC 35433, “Novel Machine-Learning Approach for Predicting the Gel Strength of the Drilling Fluid While Drilling,” by Ahmed Gowida, SPE, and Salaheldin Elkatatny, SPE, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2024 Offshore Technology Conference. _ Accurately estimating gel strength is paramount for optimizing drilling operations and preventing cuttings from settling at the wellbore’s bottom. Traditional methods rely on rotational viscometers, which are time-intensive, equipment-dependent, and lack real-time monitoring capabilities. This study underscores the feasibility of leveraging machine learning (ML) as a practical tool for predicting drilling-fluid gel strength, offering real-time monitoring and precise predictions to enhance drilling efficiency, safety, and automation initiatives. Background The gel strength of drilling fluid is assessed using a viscometer, focusing on the 3-rev/min reading obtained after agitating the fluid at 600 rev/min to disrupt any gel formation. Initially, the measurement is taken when the mud reaches a static state for 10 seconds. Subsequent readings are conducted at 10- and 30-minute intervals. The rationale behind the 30-minute reading lies in its ability to indicate whether the mud forms a substantial gel during prolonged static periods, such as when tripping out a bottomhole assembly. Elevated gel strength may result in increased pump pressure required to restore circulation after extended static conditions. Additionally, a consistent upward trend in the 30-minute gel strength suggests the accumulation of ultrafine solids. Consequently, appropriate measures such as chemical treatments or dilution with fresh base fluid are necessary to address this issue. The frequency of measuring various fluid properties is tailored to their respective effects on well-control and drilling operations. These frequent evaluations allow for timely adjustments and monitoring of rheological measurements, offering valuable insights into rock sensitivity and the performance of mud activity and stability after exposure to drilled formations. On the other hand, a complete mud test (including all mud rheological properties) is performed twice a day because it consumes considerable time. It has been observed that mud rheological properties exhibit a significant correlation with two fundamental mud properties: mud weight and Marsh funnel (MF) viscosity. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, a dearth of research exists in the literature aimed at predicting the gel strength of drilling fluid using ML techniques. Consequently, this research endeavor introduces a novel ML model designed specifically for forecasting the gel strength of synthetic oil-based mud systems. Such predictive models are poised to enhance drilling performance by optimizing mud functions. Leveraging MF and mud-density measurements, the developed models aim to forecast the rheological properties of drilling fluid, thereby facilitating improved monitoring of mud functionality during drilling operations at the rig site.

Research on Developing Cyclone Coupling Techniques for Heterogeneous Separators with Design Optimization of Hydrocyclone Separators

Abstract: Hydrocyclone separator is a widely used equipment in the field of liquid-solid separation due to its simple structure, convenient operation, and high separation efficiency. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the working principles, application areas, design optimization, and performance evaluation of hydrocyclone separators, while discussing their future development trends. In addition, particular attention has been given to the aspects related to patents in this study.The focus is on analyzing the structural parameters and flow field characteristics of hydrocyclone separators, as well as the different effects on separation efficiency caused by various hydrocyclone structures and adjustments in hydrocyclone size. The research analysis is conducted on the inlet, cylindrical section, overflow pipe section, cone section, hydrocyclone materials, and other parts, taking into account detailed analysis of operational conditions such as inlet flow rate, pressure drop, separation efficiency, and fluid properties. The future development trend of hydraulic hydrocyclone separators lies in refinement, intelligence, multifunctionality, integration, and energy-saving and environmental protection. In the field of liquid-solid separation, the integration of hydrocyclone separation technology and intelligent devices is becoming increasingly important, and future research will focus on developing new hydrocyclone coupling separation techniques to further improve production efficiency and convenience in daily life. The application prospects are broad, and it is expected to bring significant economic and social benefits to society. It also possesses the potential for patent protection.

Sedimentation of short-lived fluid-solid suspensions

In this study, we propose a particle sedimentation/aggradation law for homogeneous concentrated suspensions. This law, valid in the Stokes flow regime, can be used to describe the sedimentation process observed in short-lived rapid flows, developed at high Reynolds numbers, that can be described as low-viscosity quasi-parallel flows traveling at constant velocity and that progressively sediment during the dominant phase of transport to leave a triangular or trapezoidal deposit of constant slope. The particle aggradation velocity can thus be predicted from the product of the mean flow velocity and the deposit slope and turns out to be roughly similar to that measured from static suspensions of the same concentration, provided that the flow Reynolds number, based on the mean flow velocity, the fluid properties, and the particle size, remains inferior to a few hundred, such as the mixture agitation cannot disturb the sedimentation process. These important results provide the possibility of describing the depositional dynamics during the final stage of extreme events, as well as to infer the mixture rheology, from physical parameters that can be easily measured in the field.

Electromagnetohydrodynamic (EMHD) flow of Jeffrey fluid through parallel plate microchannels with surface charge-dependent asymmetric slip

The investigation of electromagnetohydrodynamic (EMHD) flow of non-Newtonian fluids in microchannels represents a compelling intersection of fluid dynamics, electromagnetism and materials science, particularly demonstrating significant potential and importance in contemporary microfluidic applications. This work delves into the intricate mechanisms governing the EMHD flow of non-Newtonian Jeffrey fluids within parallel plate microchannels, with a specific focus on the influence of asymmetric slip boundary conditions that depend on surface charge. The EMHD flow is propelled by the amalgamation of the Lorentz force and a consistent pressure gradient. Analytical solutions for the velocity and volumetric flow rate of this problem are derived employing both the method of separation of variables and Cramer's rule. Initially, this study undertook comparisons with prior research, leveraging pertinent assumptions to validate the precision of our findings. Subsequently, the discussion shifts to the examination of how velocities are affected by surface charge effects under various slip boundary conditions at different Reynolds numbers. The results suggest that velocities are significantly influenced by surface charge effects under asymmetric slip boundary conditions compared to scenarios involving symmetric and single-wall type, irrespective of the Reynolds number, thereby highlighting the importance of this study. Finally, the relationships among key parameters such as surface charge density, Hartmann number, relaxation time and retardation time affecting volumetric flow rate are analyzed, while approaches and specific percentages for increasing or decreasing volumetric flow rate are provided. One of the more interesting findings is that the volumetric flow rate is expected to experience a 3.9% reduction, considering the influence of the surface charge effect. These findings are not only vital for advancing microfluidics but also have the potential to drive new innovations in related medical technologies, given the notable similarities in the physical properties of Jeffrey fluid and blood.

Carbon microspheres prepared from soluble starch hydrothermal carbonization for extending thermal stability of water-based drilling fluid

This study employed hydrothermal carbon microspheres (HCMs) as high-temperature stabilizers in drilling fluids. The HCMs were synthesized through a green hydrothermal carbonization method, using soluble starch as the precursor. The impact of HCMs on the thermal stability of xanthan, polyanionic cellulose and synthetic polymer solutions was assessed by comparing their rheological changes before and after thermal aging. The rheology and filtration properties of a polymer-based drilling fluid in the presence of HCMs were recorded before and after dynamic thermal aging at various temperatures for 16 h and static thermal aging at 200 °C for 96 h. The results demonstrated that HCMs effectively maintained stable rheology and low filtration loss following dynamic hot rolling at various temperatures and prolonged static thermal aging, surpassing the performance of conventional Na2SO3 and nano-SiO2 stabilizers. Mechanistic studies, including dissolved oxygen measurements, free radical detection, and cryo-scanning electron microscopy observations, revealed that HCMs can consume dissolved oxygen, scavenge free radicals, and physically crosslink polymers. This process prevents polymer thermo-oxidative degradation and ensures the stability of the drilling fluid. HCMs are novel, stable, sustainable, and highly effective high-temperature stabilizers for water-based drilling fluids. This study introduces a new application of biomass-derived hydrothermal carbonaceous materials for high-temperature drilling.

Effects of fluid properties on coarse particles transport in vertical pipe

The mineral resources in deep-seabed are attracting extensive attention. A numerical simulation of particle transport in a vertical pipe for a deep-sea mining system is conducted using the CFD-DEM method. The effects of fluid density, fluid viscosity and rheological parameters of non-Newtonian fluids on the liquid-solid flow behavior in a vertical pipe are investigated. For Newtonian fluids, increasing the density or viscosity enhances the particles' performance in following the fluid and reduces the slip velocity, but also increases the pressure drop. The efficient lifting of particles can be facilitated by adjusting fluid density and viscosity, while considering factors such as energy consumption. For non-Newtonian fluids, an increase in either the flow behavior index n or the consistency coefficient k results in an increase in the fluid's apparent viscosity. This leads to an increase in the particle suspension capacity and local particle velocity, along with a decrease in local particle concentration.

Pressure-equilibrium semi-implicit solver for real fluids

In this study, a semi-implicit pressure-based scheme which can suppress the spurious pressure oscillations is developed for real fluid flows. Conservation properties relevant to the proposed scheme are investigated through one-dimensional numerical simulations of the nitrogen interface advection. The efficiency and validity of this scheme are carefully examined with two- and three-dimensional numerical simulations of cryogenic nitrogen jets. From the one-dimensional simulation results, the conservation properties are well conserved as the past studies. The two-dimensional simulation results show that the developed scheme can reduce the computational cost by more than 92% (13–14 times faster) compared with the conventional density-based explicit solver employing the double flux model. It is also found that, through the three-dimensional simulation results, the developed scheme can predict the structure of the nitrogen jet under both transcritical and supercritical conditions, while taking into account the effects of real fluid properties on the mixing and spatiotemporal evolution of this jet, with excellent accuracy.

Performance analysis of diffusive thermo and thermo diffusive aspect in rate type chemically reactive liquid subject to variable fluid properties

Performance analysis of diffusive thermo and thermo diffusive aspect in rate type chemically reactive liquid subject to variable fluid properties

Experimental investigation on flow characteristics of regenerators considering variable fluid properties

Experimental investigation on flow characteristics of regenerators considering variable fluid properties

The effect of temperature on asphaltene transformation and agglomeration in oil pressure tank systems under injection of carbon dioxide in a porous structure: A molecular dynamics study

Asphaltene is a complex blend of high-molecular-weight hydrocarbons present in crude oil. It is a solid, insoluble component that precipitates from oil under certain circumstances, such as temperature (Temp), pressure, or composition changes. Despite its problems, asphaltene has potential uses in a variety of sectors, including the manufacture of carbon materials, asphalt, and pharmaceuticals. Specifically, this study investigated the changes in the asphaltene compaction process under carbon dioxide (CO2) injection by examining changes in initial temperature and analyzing influencing parameters such as radial distribution function, radius of gyration, and density changes. In this study, thermodynamic equilibrium in simulated asphaltene samples was achieved within 10 ns, with temperature and kinetic energy stabilizing at 310 K and 0.86 kcal/mol, respectively. The subsequent analysis focused on the agglomeration of asphaltene molecules under varying temperatures. The agglomeration process was completed within 10 ns, with the gyration radius stabilizing at 30.5 Å, providing insights into asphaltene behavior and its impact on petroleum fluid properties. At 300 K, asphaltene agglomeration increased viscosity to 23.3 Pa s by reducing molecular movement, illustrating the complex relationship between aggregation and fluid viscosity. The study also observed that asphaltene agglomeration increased viscosity to approximately 23.3 Pa s at 300 K due to reduced molecular movement. As the temperature was raised from 300 to 400 K, the maximum density profile decreased from 0.0225 to 0.0207 atom/Å3, while the gyration radius of asphaltene molecules decreased from 30.54 to 28.51 Å and viscosity increased from 23.3 to 23.92 Pa s. These results highlight the intricate effects of temperature on asphaltene dynamics and petroleum fluid properties.

Hydraulic modeling and real-time optimization of drilling fluids: A future perspective

The evolution of drilling operations in the oil and gas industry has highlighted the need for more efficient and adaptive management of drilling fluids, particularly in complex well environments. This paper presents a comprehensive review of hydraulic modeling and real-time optimization of drilling fluids, focusing on future perspectives and industry implications. Hydraulic modeling plays a crucial role in predicting pressure, fluid flow, and wellbore stability, while real-time optimization, powered by advanced sensors, AI, and machine learning, enables dynamic fluid management. The integration of these technologies allows for continuous monitoring and adjustment of fluid properties, improving efficiency, reducing downtime, and preventing formation damage. Future technological advancements, including digital twins and enhanced downhole sensors, are expected to improve well performance and cost-efficiency further. Strategic recommendations for industry adoption include investment in advanced technologies and further research into hydraulic modeling and real-time optimization for complex wells.

Dynamic Response of a Rotor Supported on Hybrid Bearings in Air, Water, and Liquid Nitrogen: Measurements and Comparisons to Predictions

Abstract Modern liquid rocket engine turbopumps implement hybrid bearings, which combine hydrostatic and hydrodynamic fluid film principles, in compact and lightweight units known for their superior reusability, durability, and reliability. This study aims to provide extensive and reliable test data for the purpose of anchoring and benchmarking predictive tools for these bearings. This paper provides comprehensive dynamic response measurements of a rotor weighing 10.40 kg and approximately 60 mm in diameter at the bearing locations. The test rotor is supported on two hybrid journal bearings with a bearing length to bearing diameter ratio of approximately 0.42 and a bearing radial clearance to rotor radius ratio of around 0.0017. The bearings are tested with air, water, and liquid nitrogen, serving as surrogate test fluids for common propellants in liquid rocket engines. Rotor run-up and speed coast-down tests are conducted to measure shaft motion responses. The results clearly demonstrate that the rotordynamic characteristics of the test rotor supported on the hybrid journal bearings largely rely on properties of the test fluids and their feeding conditions. Notably, when air is pressurized into the test bearings, the shaft motion responses differ markedly from those observed with water and liquid nitrogen, primarily due to significantly lower stiffness and damping coefficients. Furthermore, rotor speed coast-down tests for each test fluid exhibit notable differences in coast-down speed over time characteristics, depending on the test fluid properties. The predicted rotor imbalance responses exhibit excellent correlation with the measurement data. The steady increase of demand and growth of the fluid film bearing technology for reusable rocket engines require accurate bearing design tools, the extensive component testing, and the implementation of the technology. The validated and developed bearing predictive models from previous research demonstrate well the characteristics of bearings under various operating fluids conditions. The findings and database presented in this work contribute not only to comprehending the performance of hybrid bearings but also to understanding and enhancing the dynamic characteristics of rotor systems supported on hybrid bearings.