Properties Of Different Parts Research Articles

Exploring the phytochemical, antioxidant, antimicrobial and analgesic potentials of Solanum erianthum as an alternative biological feedstock for producing sustainable biochemicals

Solanum erianthum is a medicinal herb that offers health benefits and valuable phytochemicals in treating human ailments. Phytochemicals and therapeutic properties of different parts of S. erianthum in four solvents: water, petroleum ether, chloroform, and methanol were evaluated. Stem showed high alkaloids (15.40 ± 0.7%) and tannins (8.6 ± 0.3%), followed by higher root saponins (12.2 ± 0.2%). In contrast, leaf exhibited high flavonoid (13.5 ± 0.5%) and phenolic (12.30 ± 1.0%) contents. The petroleum ether extract of the stem had the highest 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) scavenging activity (70.66 ± 0.3%) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) activity (70.55 ± 0.08 μg/mL). In contrast, the petroleum ether extract of the root had maximum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (1.065 ± 0.6 absorbance at 695 nm), while the fruit aqueous extract showed highest activity in ferric thiocyanate assay (FTC) (61.53 ± 0.1). Antibacterial activity ranged from 19 to 51 mm, while antifungal was from 11 to 43 mm. The methanol extracts of the root and leaf showed the highest antimicrobial activity against the tested bacteria and fungi. The methanol extract of fruit showed the highest analgesic activity (11.98 ± 2.14 s) and writhing inhibition (1st phase 85.1% and 2nd phase 96.7%), as confirmed by the formalin-induced paw licking test. Fruit extract showed active central and peripheral analgesic effects in early (88.9%) and late (92.8%) phases of pain, comparable to paracetamol (60 mg/kg). In conclusion, this study demonstrates the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antifungal properties as well as central and peripheral analgesic effects of S. erianthum extracts.

Preparation and characterization of a novel humanized collagen III with repeated fragments of Gly300-Asp329

Recombinant human collagens have attracted intensive interest in the past two decades, demonstrating considerable potential in medicine, tissue engineering, and cosmetics. Several humanized recombinant collagens have been produced, exhibiting similar characteristics as the native species. To get insight into the structural and bioactive properties of different parts of collagen, in this study, the segment of Gly300-Asp329 of type III collagen was first adopted and repeated 18 times to prepare a novel recombinant collagen (named rhCLA). RhCLA was successfully expressed in E. coli, and a convenient separation procedure was established through reasonably combining alkaline precipitation and acid precipitation, yielding crude rhCLA with a purity exceeding 90%. Additionally, a polishing purification step utilizing cation exchange chromatography was developed, achieving rhCLA purity surpassing 98% and an overall recovery of approximately 120 mg/L culture. Simultaneously, the contents of endotoxin, nucleic acids, and host proteins were reduced to extremely low levels. This fragmented type III collagen displayed a triple-helical structure and gel-forming capability at low temperatures. Distinct fibrous morphology was also observed through TEM analysis. In cell experiments, rhCLA exhibited excellent biocompatibility and cell adhesion properties. These results provide valuable insights for functional studies of type III collagen and a reference approach for the large-scale production of recombinant collagens.

Biotechnological, Nutritional, and Therapeutic Applications of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) and Its By-Products: A Review of the Past Five-Year Findings.

This study aimed to provide an updated critical review of the nutritional, therapeutic, biotechnological, and environmental aspects involved in the exploitation of Chenopodium quinoa Willd and its biowastes. Special attention was devoted to investigations of the therapeutic and nutritional properties of different parts and varieties of quinoa as well as of the use of the biowaste resulting from the processing of grain. Studies published from 2018 onward were prioritized. Extracts and fractions obtained from several Chenopodium quinoa matrices showed antioxidant, antidiabetic, immunoregulatory, neuroprotective, and antimicrobial effects in in vitro and in vivo models and some clinical studies. The activities were attributed to the presence of phytochemicals such as polyphenols, saponins, peptides, polysaccharides, and dietary fibers. Quinoa wastes are abundant and low-cost sources of bioactive molecules for the development of new drugs, natural antioxidants, preservatives, dyes, emulsifiers, and carriers for food and cosmetics applications. Among the demands to be fulfilled in the coming years are the following: (1) isolation of new bioactive phytochemicals from quinoa varieties that are still underexploited; (2) optimization of green approaches to the sustainable recovery of compounds of industrial interest from quinoa by-products; and (3) well-conducted clinical trials to attest safety and efficacy of extracts and compounds.

Study on physical and mechanical properties of cement asphalt emulsified mortar under track slab

PurposeDuring the construction process of the China Railway Track System (CRTS) I type filling layer, the nonwoven fabric bags have been used as grouting templates for cement asphalt (CA) emulsified mortar. The porous structure of nonwoven fabrics endowed the templates with breathability and water permeability. The standard requires that the volume expansion rate of CA mortar must be controlled within 1%–3%, which can generate expansion pressure to ensure that the cavities under track slabs are filled fully. However, the expansion pressure caused some of the water to seep out from the periphery of the filling bag, and it would affect the actual mix proportion of CA mortar. The differences in physical and mechanical properties between the CA mortar under track slabs and the CA mortar formed in the laboratory were studied in this paper. The relevant results could provide important methods for the research of filling layer materials for CRTS I type and other types of ballastless tracks in China.Design/methodology/approachDuring the inspection of filling layer, the samples of CA mortar from different working conditions and raw materials were taken by uncovering the track slabs and drilling cores. The physical and mechanical properties of CA mortar under the filling layer of the slab were systematically analyzed by testing the electrical flux, compressive strength and density of mortar in different parts of the filling layer.FindingsIn this paper, the electric flux, the physical properties and mechanical properties of different parts of CA mortar under the track slab were investigated. The results showed that the density, electric flux and compressive strength of CA mortar were affected by the composition of raw materials for dry powders and different parts of the filling layer. In addition, the electrical flux of CA mortar gradually decreased within 90 days’ age. The electrical flux of samples with the thickness of 54 mm was lower than 500 C. Therefore, the impermeability and durability of CA mortar could be improved by increasing the thickness of filling layer. Besides, the results showed that the compressive strength of CA mortar increased, while the density and electric flux decreased gradually, with the prolongation of hardening time.Originality/valueDuring 90 days' age, the electrical flux of the CA mortar gradually decreased with the increase of specimen thickness and the electrical flux of the specimens with the thickness of 54 mm was lower than 500 C. The impermeability and durability of the CA mortar could be improved by increasing the thickness of filling layer. The proposed method can provide reference for the further development and improvement of CRTS I and CRTS II type ballastless track in China.

An Overview of the Versatility of the Parts of the Globe Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.), Its By-Products and Dietary Supplements.

Cynara scolymus, also known as the globe artichoke or artichoke, is grown as a food, mainly in the Mediterranean, Canary Islands, and Egypt, as well as in Asia and South America. It has also been associated with various health benefits and is used in plant-based dietary supplements and herbal infusions. Its edible parts, consisting of the head or capitula, flower, and leaves, have shown various biological activities, including anti-cancer, hepatoprotective and antimicrobial potential. The leaves are mainly used in infusions and extracts for their health-promoting properties, although all their edible parts may also be consumed as fresh, frozen, or canned foods. However, its primary health-promoting activity is associated with its antioxidant potential, which has been linked to its chemical composition, particularly its phenolic compounds (representing 96 mg of gallic acid equivalent per 100 g of raw plant material) and dietary fiber. The main phenolic compounds in the heads and leaves are caffeic acid derivatives, while the flavonoids luteolin and apigenin (both present as glucosides and rutinosides) have also been identified. In addition, heat-treated artichokes (i.e., boiled, steamed or fried), their extracts, and waste from artichoke processing also have antioxidant activity. The present paper reviews the current literature concerning the biological properties of different parts of C. scolymus, its by-products and dietary supplements, as well as their chemical content and toxicity. The literature was obtained by a search of PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, Web of Knowledge, ScienceDirect, and Scopus, with extra papers being identified by manually reviewing the references.

Evaluation Possibilities of Different Parts of Pomegranate, a Historical Fruit and Its Effects on Health

Today, with the faster development of science and technology, people have started to pay more attention to healthy living and consuming foods that are beneficial for human health. In this context, the value given to fruit species has become increasingly important and the importance of plants whose seeds are consumed has increased, as well as colourful fruits and vegetables. Pomegranate is a fruit grown in many countries in the world, especially in the Mediterranean climate, and its economic value has been increasing in recent years. This fruit has gained great nutritional importance not only because of its flavour but also because it contains many antioxidant substances and phenolic compounds that are beneficial to human health. There are nearly fifty pomegranate varieties registered in our country. These pomegranate varieties range from sweet to sour, from small-in size to large in size, and from hard-seeded to soft-seeded in terms of skin colour and fruit colour. In recent years, the use of pomegranate parts such as peel, seeds, and flowers in cosmetics and food industry has become widespread and studies on the antioxidant properties of different parts of pomegranate have attracted interest. The aim of this review is to investigate the health effects of pomegranate fruit, different parts of pomegranate, and products made from pomegranate.

New value chain Pentadesma nuts and butter from West Africa to international markets: Biological activities, health benefits, and physicochemical properties.

The tallow or butter tree (Pentadesma butyracea Sabine) is a ligneous forest species of multipurpose use largely distributed in Sub-Sahara Africa. Owing to the biological properties of different parts of the tree and physicochemical properties, as well as the numerous benefits of its fruits, research on P. butyracea products, especially kernels and butter, has now gained more interest. Thus, the scientific literature revealed that Pentadesma butter is a more promising product with good physical and technological characteristics. It is traditionally preferred in households for food, medicine, and cosmetic use. Apart from the fruits, all other parts of the butter tree are used by local communities in folk medicine. The existing studies indicated that P. butyracea contains valuable health-promoting compounds such as phenolic compounds, vitamins, minerals, and essential fatty acids. P. butyracea and derived products have antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiplasmodial, antitumor, estrogenic, anti-androgenic, and cholesterol-regulative effects. Since studies on the biological properties of the tree parts, nutritional composition, and physicochemical properties of food products from the tree have been very limited, this review attempts to summarize some results from recent investigations. Our intention in the present review was to give an overview of the biological activities of plants and an account of the potential properties of Pentadesma products (pulp, kernels, and butter) and outline the way for future relevant research to improve their state of knowledge.

Comprehensive evaluation of aroma and taste properties of different parts from the wampee fruit.

Wampee is a tropical fruit having high medicinal value. To fully realize the fruit's potential, it is essential to reveal the flavor characteristics. In this study, a comprehensive analysis of the aroma and taste profiles of different parts from the wampee fruit was conducted. The aroma profile was analyzed by E-nose, and 67 volatile components were identified through HS-SPME-GC-MS. Among them, 11 were considered as crucial compounds. Additionally, 42 volatile components were identified by HS-GC-IMS, with 22 compounds showing a variable importance in projection scores greater than 1.0. Moreover, the taste profile and representative compounds were analyzed by E-tongue and HPLC, and 12 compounds were considered as important taste contributors based on taste activity value. These findings shed light on the various compounds responsible for the unique aroma and taste of the wampee fruit, providing theoretical foundation for exploring ways for its comprehensive utilization and development.

Heat behavior and axial temperature distribution of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy in a superconducting induction heater with a controllable magnet structure

Ti-6Al-4V (TC4) metal billets can usually be preheated by gases, resistance furnaces, and conventional induction heater powered by alternating current. However, the disadvantages of these heating methods are long heating time and small skin depths. The novel superconducting induction heater has several advantages in terms of heating quality, heating efficiency, heating time and axial temperature control. It has gained successful commercial application in the large aluminum extrusion industry in 2021. However, no studies on TC4 heating behavior using a superconducting induction heater have been reported, and no studies on uniform and gradient temperature characteristics of TC4 in superconducting induction heater. The uniform temperature distribution of TC4 is helpful to reduce the heating residual stress of forgings. The gradient temperature distribution of TC4 billet can obtain different properties in different parts of the same TC4 billet, which is suitable for manufacturing functionally graded materials. In this study, a high-temperature superconducting (HTS) direct-current (DC) induction furnace was firstly used to perform heating experiments for TC4 metal billets of 1250 mm length and 220 mm diameter. The application of the superconducting magnet for induction heating allows for high-power and fast heating of the TC4 billet at an extremely low frequency (4 Hz). The HTS induction heater technology has the advantages of high penetration depth, high energy efficiency (>82%), high heating uniformity, and controllable temperature distribution. Additionally, it improves the metal heating quality and reduces the heating cost. The 10 identical iron pieces of superconducting magnet on both sides of the iron core can be adjusted independently. The gradient and uniform temperature distributions of the thermally optimized TC4 billets were experimentally determined using adjustable electromagnetic heating power. Subsequently, the heating behavior of TC4 billets was modeled and compared using the numerical multiphysical finite element method; the results obtained using this method are in agreement with the experimental results. An expert database has been established for the heating strategy of TC4 billets. The optimized axial temperature distribution was analyzed for three different TC4 billet diameters (Φ220, Φ300, and Φ446 mm). The obtained gradient and uniform axial temperature distributions had an error of less than ±3 °C, and the adjustable difference at two-ends temperature of TC4 billets was in the range 10–100 °C/m. Finally, the maximum thermal stress on the TC4 billet during heating also was analyzed. The results of this study will be useful of the novel HTS induction heater application for TC4 billet heating, and axial temperature control. The uniform temperature distribution control will reduce the heating residual stress of forgings. The gradient temperature distribution of TC4 billet is suitable for manufacturing functionally graded materials.

A Preliminary Determination of Mechanical and Suspension Properties of Waste Mulch Film and Cotton Stalk

In order to provide basic data and a theoretical basis for waste mulch film crushing and separation equipment, the mechanical and suspension properties of waste mulch film and cotton stalk were determined in this study. In the mechanical properties test, the tensile properties of waste mulch film and the shear properties of different parts of cotton stalk were investigated. In the suspension properties test, the suspension properties of different qualities of waste mulch film and different parts of cotton stalk were investigated. The results showed that the average maximum tensile forces and fracture displacements of the waste mulch film were 1.70 N (horizontal), 0.80 N (vertical) and 254.75 mm (horizontal), 145.22 mm (vertical). The shear properties of the cotton stem after wrapping the mulch film were greatly improved; the maximum shearing force was 186.89% higher than that of the unwrapped specimens. When the total suspension velocity was from 3.09 to 4.07 m/s, separation of mulch film and cotton stalk could be achieved by wind.

Insight on Vernonia Plant for its Pharmacological Properties: A Review.

Vernonia is a woody shrub of the family Asteraceae. Over 1500 species are distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa and Asia. There are more than 54 species known to possess similar morphological features with the characteristic bitter taste. The pharmacological properties of different parts like seeds, leaves, and roots are well documented in folk medicine. They are rich in biologically active constituents such as alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroid tannins, and carotenoids having broad therapeutic activities like antiinflammatory, hypoglycemic, hyperlipidemia, antimicrobial, antitumor, antioxidative, antiproliferative, antihypertensive, hepatoprotective, etc. The present study summarizes and discusses the phytochemical profile, pharmacological properties, and toxicological effects of the Vernonia plant.

Proximate composition, phenolic, and antioxidant properties of soursop fruit parts

ABSTRACT Annona muricata L. (soursop fruit) is a seasonal plant with bio-geographical distribution in tropical and subtropical climates. This study evaluated the proximate, phenolic, and antioxidant properties of different parts of soursop fruit. The influence of oven and solar drying on phenolic and antioxidant activities of extracts (pulp, seed, and peel) were assessed. Proximate analysis on different parts of the soursop fruit showed the pulp to have high carbohydrate (32.9% ± 0.3) and moisture (19.1% ± 1.0). The seeds however contained higher crude fat (37.5% ± 1.2) and protein (25.0% ± 0.1) contents. Total phenolic content of the seeds (8.7 mgGAE g−1 ± 0.1) was higher than that of the pulp and the peel (8.6 mgGAE g−1 ± 0.1). The solar-dried fruit parts demonstrated superior antioxidant activity to the oven-dried parts. Extracts from the solar-dried soursop fruit samples, especially the seed, can serve as useful therapeutic ingredient for diet supplementation and could also be exploited for its high oil and protein contents.

High-strength and high-toughness weld of S690QL HSLA steel via a high-speed high frequency electric cooperated arc welding without additional heating measures

Problems in balancing joint strength and toughness, caused by the strict requirements of welding heat, have been a long-troubling problem that attracts close attention in the High Strength Low alloy (HSLA) steel welding field. Additional heating measures have been considered as an only and necessary solution with limited effect to deal with the above issue, which not only complicate the welding process but also have some incidental impacts. In this paper, a novel method named High Frequency Electric Cooperated Arc Welding (HFAW) was employed to join typical HSLA steel S690QL without additional pre- or post-heating measures. Relationships between the welding thermal characteristics, microstructure and mechanical properties of different parts in the joint were revealed and compared. Results showed that sound HFAW joint was achieved with a welding heat input and speed of 3630.6 J/cm and 2.3 cm/s, while that in conventional GMAW was 7077.1 J/cm and 0.5 cm/s, respectively. The width of the softening zone in the optimal HFAW joint was narrow to 0.95 mm. Lath Martensite and Bainite were generated in the coarse grain zone with an average grain size of 14.9 μm, rather than coarse feathery Bainite in the GMAW joint (with doubled grain size). Benefitted from the fine grain size, better phase composition, narrow and slight softening, the HFAW joints exhibited excellent tensile strength, moreover, the impact toughness at hardened zone and softening zone reached 0.87 J/mm2 and 1.15 J/mm2, which were at least 60% higher than that in the GMAW joint (0.58 J/mm2 and 0.61 J/cm2).

Effect of Forming and Heat Treatment Parameters on the Mechanical Properties of Medium Manganese Steel with 5% Mn.

Medium manganese steels fall into the category of modern third-generation high-strength steels. Thanks to their alloying, they use a number of strengthening mechanisms, such as the TRIP and TWIP effects, to achieve their mechanical properties. The excellent combination of strength and ductility also makes them suitable for safety components in car shells, such as side reinforcements. Medium manganese steel with 0.2% C, 5% Mn, and 3% Al was used for the experimental program. Sheets with a thickness of 1.8 mm without surface treatment were formed in a press hardening tool. Side reinforcements require various mechanical properties in different parts. The change in mechanical properties was tested on the produced profiles. The changes in the tested regions were produced by local heating to an intercritical region. These results were compared with classically annealed specimens in a furnace. In the case of tool hardening, strength limits were over 1450 MPa with a ductility of about 15%.

Assessment The Functional Properties of Different Parts of Graviola and Its Application in A Bakery Product

Assessment The Functional Properties of Different Parts of Graviola and Its Application in A Bakery Product

Real Estate Price Prediction Using Machine Learning

Abstract: The abstract of the real estate price prediction project for properties in Bengaluru involves using machine learning algorithms to develop a predictive model that can estimate the prices of properties in the city based on various features such as location, size, amenities, and so on. The dataset used for this project contains information on thousands of properties in different parts of Bengaluru, including their sale prices, size, location, number of bedrooms, bathrooms, and other key features. To build the predictive model, several machine learning algorithms such as linear regression, decision tree, random forest, and XGBoost are used to train the model on the given dataset. The performance of each model is evaluated using metrics such as mean absolute error, mean squared error, and R squared score, and the best performing model is selected as the final predictive model. Once the model is trained and tested, it can be used to predict the prices of new properties in Bengaluru based on their features. The model can also be used to identify the most important features that affect the price of properties in the city, which can be useful for real estate agents, property developers, and investors looking to buy or sell properties in Bengaluru.

Phytochemical Composition, Bioactive Compounds, and Antioxidant Properties of Different Parts of Andrographis macrobotrys Nees.

Andrographis macrobotrys Nees is an ethnomedicinal plant belonging to the family Acanthaceae, distributed in the moist deciduous and semi-evergreen forests of the southern Western Ghats of India. The objective of this research was to determine the phytochemical composition and bioactive chemical components using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and to check the antioxidant potential of the plant part extracts. A. macrobotrys roots, stems, and leaves were obtained from the species' natural habitat in the Western Ghats, India. The bioactive compounds were extracted using a Soxhlet extractor at 55-60 °C for 8 h in methanol. Identification analysis of A. macrobotrys bioactive compound was performed using GC-MS. Quantitative estimation of phytochemicals was carried out, and the antioxidant capacity of the plant extracts was determined by 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging (DPPH) and ferric reducing assays (FRAP). A. macrobotrys has a higher concentration of phenolics in its stem extract than in its root or leaf extracts (124.28 mg and 73.01 mg, respectively), according to spectrophotometric measurements. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of phytochemicals such as azulene, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, benzoic acid, 4-ethoxy-ethyl ester, eicosane, 3-heptadecanol, isopropyl myristate, hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, hexadecanoic acid, 1-butyl-cyclohexanol, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, alpha-monostearin, and 5-hydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyflavone belonging to various classes of flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolics, fatty acids, and aromatic compounds. Significant bioactive phytochemicals include 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, 5-hydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyflavone, azulene, salvigenin, squalene, and tetrapentacontane. In addition, the antioxidant capability of each of the three extracts was assessed. The stem extract demonstrated impressive DPPH scavenging and ferric reduction activities, with EC50 values of 79 mg/mL and 0.537 ± 0.02 OD at 0.2 mg/mL, respectively. The results demonstrated the importance of A. macrobotrys as a source of medicine and antioxidants.

Study on the Vertical Structure and the Evolution of Precipitation Particle Spectrum Parameters of Stratocumulus Clouds over North China Based on Aircraft Observation

The understanding of the macro- and micro-structure, particle spectrum parameters, and their evolutions in different parts of stratocumulus clouds based on aircraft observation data, is important basic data for the development of cloud microphysical parameterization schemes and the quantitative retrieval of cloud-precipitation by radar and satellite detections. In this study, a total of ten vertical measurements during three aircraft observations were selected to analyze the vertical distribution of cloud microphysical properties in different parts of stratocumulus clouds in Hebei, North China. It was found that the downdraft in the cumulus cloud area was stronger than that in the stratiform cloud area, with the temperature at the same height higher than that in the stratiform cloud area, and the height of the 0 °C layers was correspondingly higher. In terms of particle spectrum parameters, the intercept and slope parameters of particle spectrum below melting levels in the cumulus part were higher than those in stratiform clouds area in the same weather process. In different vertical detection, it was found that the ice particles have begun to melt in the negative temperature layer near 0 °C level, and there might be sublimation, fragmentation, and aggregation in the melting process of ice phase particles. In addition, the melting process changed the spectral parameters greatly and also changed the correlation between the intercept and slope of the particle spectrum. The slope below the 0 °C level increased with the increase of intercept, which was greater than that above the 0 °C level. The relationship obtained between the intercept parameter of the particle’s spectrum and temperature, and the correlation between the maximum diameter and slope parameter of the particle spectrum, have certain reference significance for cloud physical parameterization and the quantitative retrieval of cloud precipitation by radar and satellite in North China and similar climate background areas.

Nutritional Properties of Different Parts of Super Sweet Corn according to Harvest Time

Ji Hyeon Yu, Yeon Jae Jo, Gi Tak Lee, Changho Lee, Yoon-Sup So, Junsoo Lee, and Heon Sang Jeong. Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2023;52:315-22. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2023.52.3.315

Application Research on Nb Microalloying of High-Carbon Pearlite Bridge Cable Wire Rods

The application of Nb microalloying to high-carbon pearlite bridge cable wire rod steel has always been controversial, especially in the actual production process, which will be affected by the cooling rate, holding temperature and final bonding temperature. In this paper, the experimental characterization, finite element simulation and phase diagram calculation of the test steel were carried out, then the microstructure and properties of different parts of Nb microalloying of bridge cable wire rods were compared and analyzed. The phase transition interval of pearlite during the water-cooling process of bridge cable wire rods is increased due to the refinement of austenite grains, and the significant increase in the end temperature of the phase transition makes the average interlamellar spacing of pearlite increase. The cooling rate of different parts of bridge cable wire rods simulated by Abaqus has little difference. At the same time, Nb microalloying effectively increases the proportion of low-angle grain boundaries, so that the overall average misorientation representing the surface defects is reduced. This helps to reduce the surface energy and increase the stability of the microstructure. Combined with the mechanical properties of microtensile rods, it is found that the grain refinement effect of Nb is greater than that of coarsening interlamellar spacing during hot rolling deformation in actual production, which makes the tensile strength at the 1/4 section increase significantly. The overall tensile strength and area shrinkage of the steel wire have also been effectively improved.