Proper Use Of Medicines Research Articles

RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM INFORMASI “OBATPEDIA” SEBAGAI MEDIA EDUKASI TENTANG OBAT-OBATAN BERBASIS WEBSITE

Today, the ease of obtaining medicines for the public has improved significantly thanks to developments in technology and healthcare infrastructure. Access to medicines has become easier through pharmacies. A survey of 35 community members in Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara showed that 85.3% stored medicines without doctor's instructions and needed education on the proper use of medicines. A survey of 23 pharmacists also showed that 95.5% of pharmacists need a drug education platform that makes it easier for them to provide drug education. Departing from the problem of the lack of public understanding of medicines and the need for pharmacists to provide drug education easily, this study aims to design and build an information system, “ObatPedia,” as an educational media about website-based medicines. The method used is Personal Extreme Programming (PXP) because this website will be developed flexibly, quickly, and responsive to change. In this method, some stages are passed, including Planning, Iteration, Initialization, Design, Implementation, and Testing, so the website can be developed with the expected features and usability. The results Mean opinion score of this system a Mean Opinion score of 4.345 from the public and 4.472 from pharmacists on a scale of 1 to 5, which shows that users strongly agree that the ObatPedia website can help to increase public knowledge and understanding of medicines.

Community education training to optimize the use of artemisinin-based combination therapy in Kamuli District, Uganda

BackgroundCommunity health education improves members health-seeking and utilization behaviours. To enhance the community knowledge and optimize the use of Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT), we carried out a community training in Kamuli District, Uganda.MethodsThe Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation (ADDIE) model was adopted. A total of 3420 community members were trained, 384 sampled to participate in pre-post-test assessment, with 76 healthcare workers (HCW). Community members were sampled by simple random sampling while the HCW were purposively selected. Community trainings occurred for two days at each of 42 public health facilities and one day at 27 parishes. A paired sample t-test and effect size was computed to establish effect with statistical significance tested at p < 0.05.ResultsOverall, a total of 3496 participants, majority 2705 (77.4%) females were trained. A total of 3420 community members, majority 2659 (77.7%) females trained, and 76 HCW, majority 46 (60.5%) females trained. The median age of community participants was 32 years, and interquartile range (IQR) = 17 years. The median age of HCW was 32 years, and IQR = 8 years. The training had a positive and significant effect on the community members knowledge: malaria transmission (T-test = 9.359; p < 0.0001) causes of malaria (T-test = 6.738; p < 0.0001), malaria symptoms (T-test = 5.403; p < 0.0001), dangerous malaria species (T-test = 12.088; p < 0.0001), Plasmodium vivax malaria cycle and occurrence every 48 h (T-test = 7.470; p < 0.0001), assessing whether a patient with malaria may suffer from jaundice (T-test = 7.228; p < 0.0001), organs affected by Plasmodium falciparum (T-test = 12.214; p < 0.0001), malaria diagnosis (T-test = 9.765; p < 0.0001), Plasmodium associated with malaria relapse (T-test = 10.250; p < 0.0001), and malaria prevention and control (T-test = 9.278; p < 0.0001). The intervention also had a significant and positive effect on HCW knowledge on all domains except on malaria transmission (T-test = 1.217; p = 0.228) where it didn’t have any statistically significant increase on their knowledge.ConclusionThe education intervention improved the knowledge of participants significantly. There is need to adopt and scale-up the current intervention at all levels of care to enhance proper use of medicines.

L’impact environnemental peut-il être considéré comme une dimension du bon usage des médicaments ? Retour sur le 5e Forum de l’Association Bon Usage du Médicament

Through their footprint throughout their life cycle, from production to use, medicines have a significant impact on the environment. Reducing this impact is rarely considered from the perspective of the choices that healthcare professionals might have to make when prescribing or dispensing medicines. Should we consider environmental impact, alongside effectiveness and tolerance, one of the dimensions of the proper use of medicines? To address this question, the 5th Forum of the Association for the Proper Use of Medicines highlighted the main sources of pharmaceutical pollution: the carbon footprint linked to production, greenhouse gas emissions, the impact of residues on water and waste from packaging. While the eco-design of medicines should make it possible to limit their environmental impact upstream, there are still few initiatives aimed at their use. The Swedish "Hazard Score" assessment tool, which classifies compounds according to their potential to pollute the aquatic environment, was presented as a tool for guiding prescription choices. Through the exchanges between the various stakeholders (public authorities, doctors, pharmacists, manufacturers, patients) during this forum, recommendations were drawn up both on scientific and ethical grounds.

Actual Access and Usage of Antipyretic Analgesics before and after COVID-19 Vaccination: Pharmacist's Roles in Promoting Proper Use of Medicines during the Infodemic

An overwhelming surge of information regarding preparedness for postvaccination side effects had caused widespread confusion approximately since April 2021, when the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination had started for the general population in Japan. Notably, this resulted in a remarkably increased shortage of OTC acetaminophen formulations. The aim of this study was to elucidate the actual responses of the public in such an environment, how individuals acquired and understood information related to the management of postvaccination side effects, and how they obtained and used antipyretic analgesics before and after COVID-19 vaccination. We conducted a web-based survey in January 2022, targeting 400 individuals aged ≥20 years, who had received two COVID-19 vaccine doses, and excluded qualified professionals such as physicians and pharmacists. The results revealed that 67% of the respondents had obtained antipyretic analgesics in anticipation of adverse effects after vaccination, whereas 38% had taken these medicines before and/or after the second vaccination. Possible misappropriation of medicines from others, preventive administration, and lack of dosage and administration confirmation are the problems identified in medication acquisition and usage. Additionally, avoidance of antipyretic analgesics based on information without scientific evidence was observed. This study revealed no small amount of inappropriate use of medicines in situations, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, where there is an "infodemic" of mixed-quality information. Pharmacists, as experts in medication, should play a crucial role in promoting appropriate medication usage by consistently staying updated with the latest scientific evidence and proactively supporting OTC drug selection and counseling medication.

Knowledge of community pharmacists on infantile haemangioma: Gaps and lack confidence to deliver propranolol still need to be filled.

To evaluate the knowledge, practices and self-confidence of community pharmacists, pharmacy technicians and pharmacy students about infantile haemangioma (IH) and propranolol treatment. A national survey was conducted in France from May 2022 to October 2022. A 42-item online questionnaire was used to assess pharmacists' knowledge of the epidemiology, clinical features and management of IH and propranolol treatment. The survey included 255 participants. The mean age was 34.9 years (±9.0); 225 (88%) were women. In all, 193 (76%) practised in urban pharmacies. Altogether, 83 participants (33%) had delivered oral propranolol solution for IH in the last 6 months. Participants' median score for self-confidence regarding propranolol dispensing was five (interquartile range, 2.5-6) on a scale of 1 to 10. Overall, 96 (38%) had more than 50% correct answers on the questionnaire. Multinomial regression models showed high scores on the questionnaire associated with high self-confidence when delivering oral propranolol solution, low number of years since graduation and having already delivered propranolol treatment. This study highlights a lack of knowledge of IH and modalities of propranolol treatment by community pharmacists and slight self-confidence when delivering propranolol. Greater cooperation between healthcare professionals could improve the proper use of medicine.

Competence in Sports Pharmacy among Pharmacy Students in Norway.

Pharmacists are competent to promote the proper use of medicines. According to the International Pharmaceutical Federation, pharmacists must develop competence in sports pharmacy and the contents of the World Anti-Doping Agency code. This explorative study aimed to identify the status of sports pharmacy in pharmacy education in Norway and competence in sports pharmacy among Norwegian pharmacy students. The study curricula of pharmacy education were examined for the content of sports pharmacy. An online questionnaire was also developed and distributed among pharmacy students. The anonymous survey collected demographic information and data on competence in sports pharmacy. Data from 122 participants were analyzed. Only 22.5% of pharmacy students had acquired a form of training in sports pharmacy and 91.7% wished to gain higher competence. In total, 40.2% of respondents were uncomfortable in advising athletes and trainers on medication use in sports. Study year was found to correlate with competence level with a significant difference between the 3rd year (bachelor) and 5th year (master) students. Age, institution, and number of years engaged in sports were not associated with competence level. The inclusion of sports pharmacy in pharmacy programs holds practical relevance for enhancing competency levels. This implementation can be realized through the integration of sports pharmacy modules and/or the incorporation of research-based activities.

Drug-related problems causing hospital admissions in the emergency rooms at of high complexity hospital

ObjectiveDetermining hospital admissions prevalence associated with problems related to medicines in the emergency services of high complexity hospital; performing the pertinent pharmaceutical interventions. MethodDescriptive observational cross-sectional study. The medical records of the patients admitted to the emergency services were reviewed. Those that reported hospitalization due to problems related to medication were selected. These were classified according to the Third Consensus of Granada adaptation. A pharma-therapeutic profile was made to hospitalized patients; performing the necessary pharmaceutical interventions to avoid future medication related problems. Results3.8% of patients were included in the study. The problems related to medications had a preventability of 87.7% and the most frequent were those of need with 42.2%. A pharma-therapeutic profile was done to hospitalized patients (137). 150 pharmaceutical interventions were done, which had an acceptance of 95.3%. The most intervened risk was administering an unnecessary medication 62.7%. ConclusionsLack of supervision and analysis of problems related to medication could cause therapeutic approach failure, therefore, health and life quality improvement of the patients is not achieve. The pharmaceutical chemist plays a fundamental role in the health care of patients, helping to the prevention and proper use of medicines. The Pharmaceutical Care program proves that it provides an invaluable contribution to public health service by improving the pharmacological safety of treatments, reducing costs and public health problems.

Evaluation of the impact of pharmaceutical trainings and tools on the proper use of medicines in pediatrics.

Introduction: After sixyears of medication errors' (MEs) collection and analysis in a pediatric unit of a French University Hospital, the number of MEs was no longer decreasing. We then decided to set up pharmaceutical training and tools and evaluate their impact on the occurrence of ME. Materials and methods: This monocentric prospective study was carried out in the form of audits of prescriptions, preparations, and administrations before and after intervention (A1 and A2). After the analysis of A1 results, feedback was given to the teams, some tools for the proper use of medication (PUM) were distributed, and A2 was conducted. Finally, A1 and A2 results were compared. Results: Each audit included 202 observations. A total of 120MEs were identified during A1 and 54 for A2 (p < 0.0001). The observation rate with at least 1ME decreased from 39.11% to 21.29% (p < 0.0001), and no observation had more than twoMEs during A2 in contrast to A1 (n = 12). Human factors were responsible for the majority of MEs. The audit feedback allowed professionals to feel concerned about ME. The PUM tools received an average satisfaction rating of 9/10. The staff had never participated in this type of training, and all felt it was useful to apply PUM. Conclusion: This study showed a significant impact of pharmaceutical training and tools on the pediatric PUM. Clinical pharmaceutic actions allowed us to reach our objectives and satisfied all the staff. They must, therefore, be continued to limit human factors' impact and thus contribute to the safety of drug management in pediatrics.

Adherence to Medication and Treatment Guidelines: Most Important but Mostly Avoided

To cure any disease, proper use of medicine or taking medicine in the correct order is required. Even patients from developed countries struggle to maintain their drug compliance. There is an odd parallel between underdeveloped, emerging nations and the so-called developed world in the West when it comes to improper medicine use. The understanding and perception of the disease is the most important factor influencing whether patients stick to their treatment plan.

Taking medicine in the right way – most important but most neglected

Introduction and aim. To cure any disease, proper use of medicine or taking medicine in the correct order is required. Even patients from developed countries struggle to maintain their drug compliance. There is an odd parallel between underdeveloped, emerging nations and the so-called developed world in the West when it comes to improper medicine use. The understanding and perception of the disease is the most important factor influencing whether patients stick to their treatment plan. Material and methods. Prioritized databases for public health topics included PubMed, ALTAVISTA, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Registers. Along with other online sources, journals from Elsevier, Springer, Willey Online Library, and Wolters Kluwer were thoroughly searched. Analysis of the literature. There is a thorough discussion of medication non-adherence issues and a few adherence-improving methods. Conclusion. Adherence to treatment guidelines is essential in the treatment of any disease.

Adherence to Medication and Treatment Guidelines: Most Important but Mostly Despised

Proper use of medicine or taking medicine in correct order is essential to cure any disease. Even patients from developed nations have trouble staying on top of their drug compliance. When it comes to improper medicine use, there is an odd parallel between underdeveloped, emerging nations and the so-called developed world in the West. The key factor influencing whether patients stick to their treatment plan is their understanding and perception of the disease.

Satisfaction Level of Participants with the Content Health Promotion Seminars Organized by Community Pharmacies in Chiba, Japan

Aim: This study aimed to identify the level of satisfaction and needs of the content of the “health promotion seminars” to support health promotion and improve healthy life expectancy provided by community pharmacies to community residents. Methods: An awareness survey was conducted among seminar participants. Anonymous survey questionnaires were distributed to the participants of the six sessions of the “health promotion seminars” held from December 2019 to February 2020 were recruited. Out of 136 participants, 116 responses were obtained (response rate: 85.3%; female: 114, male: 1, unanswered: 1) from the target population. Results: The level of satisfaction with the seminar was reported at 77.5% (n=90) for the first run and 68.5% (n=80) for the second run. Currently, the “Health Promotion Seminar” consists of an active (participation) lecture in the first lecture and a passive (classroom) lecture in the second lecture, conducted by pharmacists and dietitians. The level of understanding (84.5%) and active participation (86.2%) in the first course were higher than those in the second course (understanding: 80.2%, active participation: 80.2%). Participants reported anxiety issues in their everyday life stemming from the items “Forgot to take medicine” and “frequency of using the toilet increased night”. Conclusions: Health promotion seminars are viewed by community residents to be effective in disseminating health promotion information. In the future, it is necessary to revise the content of the courses to include the proper use of medicines and the prevention of diseases that can affect daily life.

DRUG MISUSE AND SELF-MEDICATION AMONG PHARMACY STUDENTS IN JORDAN

Aim: To estimate risks and prevalence of self-medication and potential abuse risk among pharmacy students in Jordanian Universities. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted with 450 students, selected using multistage sampling methods, from seven different universities. Data was collected by self-administrated questionnaires covering demographic and academic information, health-related information, use of self-medication, and pattern of self-medication among pharmacy students. Results: Out of 394 students who answer the questions, 76.9% reported that they had usually treated themselves in case of simple cases without physician or pharmacist consultation. Most commonly used drugs among the surveyed students were Paracetamol 60%, multivitamins supplement 74.25%, and herbal products 37.2%, combination of NSAIDs and Paracetamol 20.6%, and laxatives 19.4%. Cold and flu 25.5%, headache 22.3%, abdominal pain 7.9%, gastric pain 7.9%, cold and flu, headache, abdominal pain, and gastric pain 14.9% were the main conditions which contribute to self-medication practice. It was also found that Pharmacy students were over-confident with the type of cases they could treat without referral to a specialist physician, despite knowing that some of the symptoms may be due to serious health problems. Misuse of analgesics and laxatives was clear, and there was a weakness in knowledge of the indications for the use of the most common drug. Conclusions: The prevalence of self-medication among pharmacy students in Jordan is high, and medical teaching institutions need to educate students about the proper use of medicines. Strict legislation and more education on self-medication are necessary for effective use of medicines.

Taking medicine in the right way: Most important but most neglected

Proper use of medicine or taking medicine in correct order is essential to cure any disease. According to the WHO, lack of adherence to treatment regimens leads to major problems among patients, mostly with chronic illnesses. "Right administration" depends on at least 5 right factors--right patient, right drug, right time, right dose and right route. "Medicines won't work if you don't take it right"--This simple fact is not understood by most people in the world, as a result still more than half of the patients with chronic diseases in the developed world do not take their medicine correctly-says WHO.

Pharmacists' Adherence Support System FollowNavi for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

In Japan, the Pharmaceutical and Medical Device Act was amended in December 2019 and now requires pharmacists to follow-up patients continuously during treatment to ensure proper use of medicines. According to some reports on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), follow-up by doctors is effective for improving treatment. Enhanced face-to-face medication counseling by pharmacists leads to good glycemic control in patients with diabetes. However, the effects of information and communication technology (ICT)-based follow-up during the medication period are not well-understood. We determined the efficacy of pharmacists' follow-up using FollowNavi, a patient compliance instruction support system, and using our developed LINE tool for patients with T2DM. Through a before-after study, changes in glycemic control and medication adherence after 6 months of follow-up were investigated, and multiple regression analysis was performed to investigate the factors associated with changes in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels. Questionnaire surveys related to usability were completed by patients and pharmacists. In the 35 patients with T2DM, HbA1c levels decreased significantly after 6 months, although fasting blood glucose levels and medication adherence showed no significant differences. Changes in HbA1c levels were significantly associated with age (p = 0.044), baseline HbA1c levels (p < 0.001), and diabetes duration (p = 0.004). In the questionnaire, 81.8% of patients responded that they would prefer to continue using FollowNavi. These results suggest that follow-up using FollowNavi is useful for glycemic control in patients with T2DM.

Proceedings of the 28th Training Course in Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics “Advanced Medical Care and Proper Use of Medicines”

Proceedings of the 28th Training Course in Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics “Advanced Medical Care and Proper Use of Medicines”

An Evaluation of Irrational Drug Consumption in Shiraz Households in 2019

Background: Medical experts believe that proper use of medicine in many cases results in the treatment of the disease. This study was conducted to determine the rate of irrational drug use in households in Shiraz in 2019. The criteria for rationality of drug use were as follows: 1. Using medicine for the existing disease- 2. Preparing medicine by visiting a doctor- 3. Appropriate storage location- 4. Unexpired drug- 5. Proper drug use.&#x0D; Methods: This study was a cross-sectional household survey conducted using a descriptive questionnaire based on the drug survey plan questionnaire in Oman by stratified random sampling. 156 households were surveyed. Data analysis was performed by t-test , ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Coefficients and chi-square tests using SPSS-22 software.&#x0D; Results: Out of 1944 items of medicine available in households, 542 items (27.9%) were used rationally and 1402 items (72.1%) were used or stored irrationally. Among the available drug categories, drugs related to cancer (80%) and heart (75.2%) disease had the highest rational use. Skin drugs (0%) and antibiotics (8.3%) had the most irrational use. There was also found a significant relationship between the rational consumption and the region where households lived (P-value≤0/001) (municipal regions), rational consumption and drug literacy for each drug, as well as rational consumption and how the drug was prepared (P-value ≤ 0/001).&#x0D; Conclusion: Based on the research findings, it was found that in most households, drugs were accumulated irrationally. The high dispersion of medicine stored in households indicated the diversity and lack of a correct and coherent culture for consuming medicine among citizens and prescribing it among the medical community in Shiraz. It was then suggested that through more detailed educational planning, the health system and corresponding officials improve the pattern of drug use as well as its prescription. Furthermore, increasing people's awareness of how to use and maintain medicines can reduce their expenses.

Evidence for Proper Use of Medicines Using Medical Big Data: Formulary in a Clinical Setting Using Medical Big Data

Medical big data are accumulated daily by medical staff in clinical settings. We developed a formulary in 2016 using medical big data from eight hospitals affiliated with Showa University, Japan (3200 beds). In 2019, we revised the procedure from the perspective of authenticity, reproducibility, and clarity to develop a medicine formulary with unbiased data. Briefly, we organized two teams of expert physicians. Team 1 was a systematic review team that conducted a literature search using systematic review. Team 2 was a medical big data team that conducted the analysis using medical big data. Both teams developed a bisphosphonate formulary. First and second team recommendations were alendronic acid and minodronic acid, and alendronic acid and risedronic acid, respectively. Discussion between the two teams yielded alendronic acid only in the bisphosphonate formulary. We developed reports for the bisphosphonate formulary that included conflicts of interest, the role of each staff member in developing the formulary, and the process for determining the formulary. To use our formulary in a community context, we updated the formulary on our website. We tried to substantiate our bisphosphonate formulary and make a recommendation to change the bisphosphonates according to our formulary. The formulary is focused on controlling the economic burden of medical expenses. We believe that the formulary needs to represent authenticity, reproducibility, and clarity in the procedure and conflicts of interest, with unbiased data to preclude context (hospital)-convenient decisions.

Preconception Care in Oncofertility for Childhood, Adolescent and Young Adult Generation Cancer Patients (“How to Provide Information on Proper Use of Medicines to People with Fertility”)

Preconception Care in Oncofertility for Childhood, Adolescent and Young Adult Generation Cancer Patients (“How to Provide Information on Proper Use of Medicines to People with Fertility”)

Taking Medicine in the Right Way: Most Important but Most Neglected

Proper use of medicine or taking medicine in correct order is essential to cure any disease. According to the WHO, lack of adherence to treatment regimens leads to major problems among patients, mostly with chronic illnesses. “Right administration” depends on at least 5 right factors- -right patient, right drug, right time, right dose and right route.