Proper Facilities Research Articles

Towards the realization of socio-economic rights of children in Zimbabwe; a child sensitive policy framework

ABSTRACT With high incidences of poverty and a depressed economy as well as limited political will, it will be difficult to guarantee the socio-economic rights of children in Zimbabwe. Children struggle to get access to basic services such as health care, basic education, clean water and proper sanitation. This study critically reviews the implementation or lack thereof, of the key socio-economic rights as enunciated in the constitution and child-sensitive policies in Zimbabwe. Through document analysis, the study offers a nuanced examination of social policy implementation in the country. This paper advances the argument that poverty and inequality in Zimbabwe have worsened the lives of children who are subjected to inadequate food, lack access to proper heath facilities and proper shelter among other social amenities. Using a human security framework, the paper foregrounds the need for deliberate policies which respond to the needs of the underprivileged children. The paper concludes that a multifaceted and multi-stakeholder approach will ensure that no child is left behind as envisioned by the agenda of the sustainable development goals. It recommends that the government should implement various policies which guarantee the protection of children in need.

Admission Strategy for International New Students at the University of Mataram

Recruiting international students is highly beneficial yet challenging for universities in Indonesia. This study raised research focusing on strategies applied by Indonesian Universities to attract international students' willingness to enroll. It also figured out the challenges and solutions encountered by the students in their initial studies. This study adopted Vincent Tinto's theory about the factors affecting students' academic accomplishments and learning failures. Qualitative design, case study approach, and open-ended questionnaires were implemented. This study invited three staff members of the International Affairs and International Center as the participants. Thematic analysis was adopted utilizing Atlas. Ti software to analyze the data from the respondents following Kawulich's (2004) framework, encompassing Narrative, Coding, Interpretation, Confirmation, and Presentation. The result demonstrated some strategies implemented by Mataram University for international students, such as providing proper facilities, including library and study spaces, access to technology, and a health center. The university also utilizes international alumni to endorse the university in their home country. Alongside the hurdles, the university provides students with a welcoming ceremony that includes a language course, academic orientation, and cultural adaptation programs upon their arrival

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Migrant Workers and Public Policy in Case of Malaysia & Indonesia

B The COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) pandemic has changed the world altogether to a different plane. It has disrupted economy, health, family, society, etc. and there is no one left who has not been affected by it. Public Policy in case of migrant workers finds important place in this calculation. For, they play an important role in many of the economies, and still are the most vulnerable section of people who has been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Their problem emanates from various angles like that of being a legal or illegal (unaccounted) migrant worker, vulnerabilities emanating from lack of bargaining power with their employers and host nations, lack of safety working and hygienic living conditions, access to proper affordable health care facilities, etc. For the international migrant workers (who crosses border from home state to another state for purpose of employment or better economic aspirations), things have been really difficult in these pandemic times in terms of how they were treated by the authorities in the host countries and what kind of national public policy measures was taken to assure their physical health and mental wellbeing, engaging with them to assuage their psychological trauma caused due to various pressures and stress, economic condition, etc. Women migrant workers were more affected in way of losing their jobs, livelihood, family pressures and responsibilities. This paper looks into the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on the migrant workers, particularly with a focus on public policy measures taken in Malaysia and Indonesia, as these two nations contributes major chunk of migrant workers (inward and outward respectively) in the south-East Asian region. Apart from detailing the problems faced by the migrant workers during the pandemic times, this paper will dwell deep into the kinds of national public policy measures implemented towards the migrant workers as a response to the pandemic condition and its impact. In addition, this paper will also look into the role and policy of international organisations and NGOs towards the same. Apart from analyzing the problems and identifying the gaps in the approach of the respective governments, recommendations are also made to the public policy makers to improve the effect of their public policies and actions towards the migrant workers, on the basis of highlighting some good practices that are followed in other states.

Non-Cash Systems Improving Transparency in Village Financial Management

The specific background of this study revolves around the implementation of a non-cash transaction program in Randegan Village in collaboration with BPR Delta Artha to enhance financial management through SISKEUDES. A knowledge gap exists in understanding the effectiveness of non-cash systems in improving transparency and accountability in village financial management. This research aims to describe and analyze the implementation of the non-cash system within the SISKEUDES application in Randegan Village, Sidoarjo Regency. Utilizing a qualitative, descriptive approach, data collection involved interviews, observation, and documentation. The results indicate that vertical and horizontal communication is effective, facilities for operating SISKEUDES and non-cash applications are adequate, employee disposition toward policy implementation is positive, and bureaucratic cooperation is strong. The novelty of this study lies in its exploration of the interplay between communication, resource management, and bureaucratic structure in implementing a non-cash system for village financial management. The implications suggest that effective implementation of non-cash systems in village financial management can enhance transparency, accountability, and overall governance. Highlights: Effective Communication: Ensures smooth implementation of the non-cash system. Adequate Resources: Proper facilities and skilled staff support SISKEUDES' operation. Strong Bureaucratic Cooperation: Enhances the efficiency and transparency of financial management. Keywords: Non-Cash System, SISKEUDES, Village Finance, Management, Transparency

The Operation Management Practices of Night Market Vendors in Selected Cities and Municipalities in the Province of Albay

The study examined the operation management practices of night market vendors in selected cities and municipalities within the Province of Albay and utilized a quantitative research approach and a descriptive- correlational design. Data from 206 vendors were collected through a self-administered questionnaire, employing a stratified sampling technique. The research aimed to identify significant differences in operation management practices based on vendor profiles and to explore the significant relationship between these practices and encountered challenges. Results indicated that the majority of night market vendors were aged 51-60, predominantly male, high school undergraduates, and married. They typically started with initial capital below Php10,000, had operated for 3-5 years, and earned daily income below Php5,000. Sole proprietorship was common, with 1-2 employees. Vendors reported high involvement in procurement, product preparation, pricing, sales, marketing, and customer service. Internal challenges such as sourcing, lack of proper storage facilities, managing costs, lack of innovation, and staff training engagement were noted, along with external challenges like compliance, weather conditions, competition, negative online reviews, and customer relations. While vendor profiles did not significantly affect operation management practices, a significant relationship existed between these practices and internal challenges. However, no significant relationship was found between operation management practices and external challenges. Based on these findings, a Night Market Operations Business Manual was proposed to improve operation management practices, encourage collaboration, and address challenges for enhanced business success and sustainability.

Mortality of very low birth weight infants by neonatal intensive care unit workload and regional group status.

Very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs) continue to face high mortality risk influenced by the care quality of neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Understanding the impact of workload and regional differences on these rates is crucial for improving outcomes. This study aimed to assess how the structural and staffing attributes of NICUs influence the mortality rates of VLBWIs, emphasizing the significance of the availability of medical personnel and the regional distribution of care facilities. Data from 69 Korean NICUs collected by the Korean Neonatal Network between January 2015 and December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. The NICUs were classified by various parameters: capacity (small, medium, large), nurse-to-bed ratio (1-4), and regional location (A, B, C). Pediatrician staffing was also analyzed and NICUs categorized by beds per pediatrician into low (≤10), medium (11-15), and high (≥16). The NICUs were classified by mortality rates into high-performance (1st and 2nd quartiles) and low-performance (3rd and 4th quartiles). Demographic, perinatal, and neonatal outcomes were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression to explore the association between NICU characteristics and mortality rates. This study included 4,745 VLBWIs (mean gestational age, 28.4 weeks; mean birth weight, 1,088 g; 55.4% male) and found significant variations in survival rates across NICUs linked to performance and staffing levels. High-performing NICUs, often with lower bed-to-staff ratios and advanced care levels, had higher survival rates. Notably, NICUs with two rather than one neonatologist were associated with reduced mortality rates. The study also underscored regional disparities, with NICUs in certain areas showing less favorable survival rates. Adequate NICU staffing and proper facility location are key to lowering the number of VLBWI deaths. Enhancing staffing and regional healthcare equity is crucial for improving the survival of this population.

Food safety knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of street vendors: a cross-sectional study in Jordan

PurposeThis study examined the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding food safety and hygiene among street food vendors (SFVs) in Jordan, along with associated factors.Design/methodology/approachThis study utilized a cross-sectional design and targeted a sample of 405 SFVs in Jordan's two most densely populated cities. Data were collected through in-person interviews using a validated and reliable structured questionnaire. Descriptive analysis and linear regression were conducted using SPSS v.25 software to examine associations and predict outcomes.FindingsThe findings reveal that SFVs possess a moderate level of knowledge but exhibit negative attitudes and inadequate practices regarding food safety. Significant associations were identified between age, education level, work experience, marital status, gender and the vendors' KAP. Older SFVs tend to exhibit lower knowledge and attitudes, whereas those with more experience and higher education levels demonstrate better KAP. Marital status and gender also influence knowledge and attitudes.Originality/valueThis study fills a critical gap in the research landscape by comprehensively examining the knowledge, attitudes and practices of street food vendors regarding food safety, with a focus on Jordan. Its findings shed light on the challenges facing the street food vending industry and offer actionable recommendations for enhancing food safety practices. As such, the study's originality and significance lie in its potential to drive positive change within this vital culinary tradition, safeguarding public health and economic livelihoods.Highlights -The study's novelty lies in its exploration of street food vendors' knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to food safety, a facet critical to understanding and addressing the challenges facing this industry. It offers an in-depth examination of factors such as education, experience, age, and marital status that influence vendors' adherence to food safety measures. By focusing on the two most populous cities in Jordan, the study not only provides a comprehensive picture of the situation but also sets the groundwork for policy recommendations and interventions.-The research highlights a series of concerning findings. Street food vendors exhibit a moderate level of knowledge regarding food safety, with substantial gaps in understanding specific pathogens and transmission routes. Negative attitudes towards food safety are prevalent, translating into suboptimal hygiene practices. The study's results underscore the urgent need for tailored interventions to address these challenges and improve overall food safety practices within the street food vending sector.-The findings offer actionable insights for policymakers, public health authorities, and local governments. They suggest targeted educational initiatives to enhance vendors' understanding of food safety principles and their significance in preventing foodborne illnesses. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the need for improved infrastructure, access to clean water, and proper sanitation facilities to support vendors in implementing safer practices. By highlighting the associations between socio-demographic factors and food safety KAP, the study offers a blueprint for crafting interventions that address the unique needs of different subgroups of street food vendors.

Persistent Mullerian Duct Syndrome in an Adult Infertile Male: A Case Report

Persistent Müllerian duct syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of sex development characterized by the presence of Müllerian duct derived structures in a normally virilized, genotypical (46, XY) and phenotypical male. Here we describe a case of male partner of the couple who presented with primary subfertility and was diagnosed with persistent müllerian duct syndrome during investigations. Persistent Müllerian duct syndrome is a rare disease and in developing countries like Nepal, because of unaware of the disease condition and lack of proper health care facilities, such cases are diagnosed later in adult males. Therefore, this case highlights the importance of awareness and knowledge for early detection and treatment of such conditions to conserve fertility and prevent malignancy of testis and other remnant mullerian structures.

Prevalence and factors associated with unmet need for menstrual hygiene management in six countries in Sub-Saharan Africa: A multilevel analysis

BackgroundMenstruation is a normal biological process experienced by more than 300 million women globally every day. Women require clean menstrual absorbents that can be changed as often as needed in a private and safe place with proper hygiene and disposal facilities. These needs must be met consistently throughout the duration of the menstrual cycle. Access to menstrual needs is crucial for women’s health, wellbeing, and dignity. This study assessed the prevalence and factors associated with unmet need for menstrual hygiene management (MHM) in Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Burkina Faso, Ghana, and Niger.MethodsWe used data from the Performance Monitoring for Action (PMA) 2020 surveys. We defined the unmet need for MHM as the “lackof resources, facilities and supplies for MHM.” Sample characteristics were summarised using frequencies and percentages, while prevalence was summarised using proportions and their respective confidence intervals (CI). Factors associated with unmet need for MHM were assessed using multilevel logistic regression models.ResultsThe study included 18,048 women of reproductive age from the six countries. The prevalence of unmet need for MHM was highest in Burkina Faso (74.8%), followed by Ethiopia (69.9%), Uganda (65.2%), Niger (57.8%), Kenya (53.5%), and lowest in Ghana (34.2%). Unmet need for MHM was consistently higher among uneducated and multiparous women, those who reused MHM materials, practiced open defecation, and lived in rural areas across all six countries. The odds of unmet need for MHM were higher among younger women under 35 years, unmarried women, those with lower education levels, and those from poorer households. Similarly, the reuse of MHM materials, use of shared or non-improved toilet facilities, and open defecation increased the odds of unmet need for MHM. In contrast, the presence of handwashing facilities reduced the odds of unmet need for MHM.ConclusionMore than half of the women in five of the six countries have an unmet need for MHM, with significantly higher odds among younger women, those with low wealth status, the unmarried, and those with inadequate access to sanitary facilities. This study highlights the state of period poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa. Efforts to end period poverty should consider MHM needs as an integrated whole, as addressing each need in isolation is insufficient.

Knowledge Based Millet Trainings for Sustainable Nutritional Security in the Tribal Communities of Andhra Pradesh

India, home to the world's largest tribal population of 10.43 crore as per the 2021 census, heavily relies on millet farming for food security in tribal communities. Millets, often termed Nutri-cereals or superfoods, are resilient to poor soil and harsh climates and provide essential nutrients like iron, calcium, and dietary fiber, addressing widespread nutritional deficiencies. Despite their advantages, millet farming faces significant challenges due to climate change, land degradation, water scarcity, and rising food prices. The research sampled with 240 women from three Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) in the Alluri Sitharamaraju (ASR) district was included for the study. Structured interview Schedule and a five-point continuum were used to evaluate the tribal women views towards training given on millet cultivation, post-harvest practices, and value addition techniques. Findings revealed a general positive response to the training, particularly in areas like field preparation and nutrient management. However, challenges persist, such as limited access to resources, modern processing equipment, and proper storage facilities. Addressing these issues is crucial for improving the livelihoods of tribal women and promoting sustainable agricultural practices. Enhanced infrastructure, timely financial support, and continuous capacity-building are essential for maximizing the benefits of millet farming in tribal areas, contributing to food security and economic development.

Institutional Management Competence for Addressing Illegal Wildlife Trade: Insights from Uruguay.

The illegal wildlife trade (IWT) is a global phenomenon that adversely affects biodiversity and human well-being. Understanding how institutions manage this trade is crucial for reducing its negative impacts. Latin America has the fewest IWT studies globally; thus, science in support of more effective institutional management of IWT is limited. This study aims to bridge the researcher-practitioner gap by providing applicable results and involving control institutions. To this end, we examine the strengths and weaknesses of Uruguay's institutions in addressing this issue, introducing the concept of institutional management competence to the knowledge base about IWT. Based on this case study, we aimed to generate inputs to guide policymakers in achieving better control of the IWT, contributing to reduce the researcher-practitioner gap. From an interdisciplinary perspective that articulates qualitative and quantitative methods, the study presents the following results: (a) Uruguay's network for addressing illegal wildlife trade involves numerous institutions whose articulation has a high degree of informality; (b) these institutions address different stages of trafficking based on their roles, jurisdiction, and engagement; (c) main weaknesses include insufficient state-level prioritisation, weak institutional coordination, inadequate training, insufficient infrastructure, space and personnel to handle the volume of seized animals, lack of proper facilities for seized animals, and a need for better-organised information. Our results help shed light on the IWT management structures in Uruguay and identifies where direct improvements can be made to strengthen the institutional responses to global IWT.

Impact of Caregiving Burden on the Mental Health of Caregivers: A Study of Individuals Caring for Chronically Ill Patients

The present research aims to investigate the relationship between the caregiving burden and its impact on the mental health of caregivers of chronically sick patients. It was hypothesized that the caregiving burden would be positively associated with higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress among caregivers of chronically sick patients; and caregiving burden would significantly predict the psychological distress (depression, anxiety, stress) in caregivers of chronically sick patients. A sample of 220 caregivers (n=220) was selected conveniently which comprised of 102 males and 118 females selected from the different hospitals. The study employed a correlational research design to collect data, using two standardized scales, the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) and Zarit Burden Interview. The data were analyzed by using SPSS to investigate the relationship between the caregiving burden and the caregivers' mental health. The findings showed a significant relationship between caregiving burden and increased psychological distress. This implies that higher caregiving burden leads to higher psychological distress. The findings emphasize the importance of proper interventions and support facilities for caregivers. The study adds to the existing knowledge by addressing the impact of the caregiving burden. Additional research is needed to investigate the potential mediator or moderators of the association between the burden and the mental health outcomes, thereby improving our understanding of the intricacies of caregiving experiences.

Impact of rural-urban migration in low-income settlements in Bangladesh: A case study on Baganbari slum

Rural-urban migration is one of the most familiar terms in the present world, especially in developing countries. The people of Bangladesh have a strong tendency to migrate towards the megacities. The migrants are required to cope with many uncertainties, risks, and challenges. This paper is aimed to find out the impact of RUM especially on the life standards of the migrants. Here qualitative approach has been followed, and the Baganbari slum of Mirpur region has been selected as the representative of the slums of Bangladesh. Demographic characteristics of the respondents were presented here in order to categorize the migrants. Based on survey questionnaires, 20 household heads of the slum were part of the survey. Three key informant interviews, five FGDs, and two case studies were also used to collect data. During FGD and KII, the respondents were asked about their monthly income, hometown, religion, age, monthly income, and others. Also, the respondents mentioned about some causes of their migration. The study shows the brutalities of slum life and reflects the limitations of slum life as well. According to the findings of the study, the government should take a special look at the proper education and skill development facilities of the slum children.

Amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA): diagnosis, management, and care in the setting of amyloid-modifying therapy.

Amyloid-related imaging abnormalities, were originally described by dementia care experts. The wider use of aducanumab and now lecanemab warrant broader understanding by the health care provider continuum. The optimal care approach for patients with Alzheimer's dementia, treated with amyloid-targeted therapy, includes proper clinical diagnosis, complication surveillance, specific imaging protocols, expert specialty consultation, integrated treatment strategies, and proper facility system planning. Improved awareness and understanding of amyloid-modifying therapy, both benefits and potential complications, among the health care provider continuum is paramount to the success of complex care programs. Specifically, recognition of treatment high risk, high benefit groups, and the interface of concurrent antiplatelet and anticoagulation. This integrated acute, specialty, and primary care approach should improve patient care quality and outcome.

Use of Ice Cream Stick Props to Improve Mathematics Learning Outcomes Addition and Subtraction Material For Grade I Students of MI Hidayatul Mubtadiin New

The background of this research was – low mathematics calculation operations, addition, and subtraction in mathematics subjects found in the learners at Islamic Primary School Hidayatul Mubtadiin New Kedungwungu. This Classroom Action Research applied the Kemmis & Taggar model, starting from planning, acting, observing, and reflecting to improve the mathematics learning outcomes of the learners. The population consisted of first graders of Islamic Primary School Hidayatul Mubtadiin New who could not do addition and subtraction operations. The population also became the research sample that received mathematics learning with ice cream stick properties for three cycles. The researchers collected the data using Observation, tests, documentation, and interviews to analyze descriptively. The results showed increased learning outcomes for the learners after using the ice cream stick property for learning mathematics within the materials of addition and subtraction. The results showed that the learners could reach the minimum mastery completion on each cycle. In cycle I, six learners, or 30% of learners, passed the minimum completion. In cycle II, the numbers increased to 13 learners, 65%. Then, in cycle III, the numbers improved to 17 learners, 85%. From the results, the researchers suggested schools provide proper property facilities and infrastructure for the teachers. The researchers also recommend that teachers apply the ice cream stick property to mathematics learning. The teachers must also consider the learners' skills.

Review of Municipal Organic Waste Management in Uttar Pradesh State, India

Organic waste is the main fraction of municipal solid waste in most developing countries. Despite various efforts, municipalities often fail to properly handle generated waste due to poor source segregation, inefficient collection system, insufficient financial resources, and a lack of proper treatment and disposal facilities. In India, organic waste mainly ends up in open dumpsites. The Government of India launched the Swachh Bharat Mission and enacted legislation to improve solid waste management. This notwithstanding, the most populous state of the country, Uttar Pradesh (UP), faces serious challenges in terms of achieving the national environmental policy goals. This study attempts to assess organic management practices in UP by analyzing the existing situation. The study reviewed the legal and financial frameworks governing the waste sector, the responsibility of stakeholders, waste segregation and collection mechanisms in place, and treatment and disposal methods. The identified gaps were analyzed to provide recommendations for the local conditions. The study recommends the control of incoming materials in centralized facilities compost facilities to enhance compost quality and enhance the management of organic waste via source segregation, animal feeding, and treatment in a decentralized manner.

Sustainable food supply chain: exploration, identification, and analysis of the critical drivers for the foxnut (Makhana) industry

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to recognize and prioritize the critical drivers (CDs) essential for establishing a sustainable foxnut supply chain (SFNSC) aligned with the sustainable development goals (SDGs) set forth by the United Nations. The objective is to make a meaningful contribution to the longevity and well-rounded sustainability of the foxnut industry by scrutinizing pivotal factors that endorse triple bottom line (TBL) sustainability aspect throughout the supply chain. Design/methodology/approach A systematic approach, integrating literature reviews and government reports, identified potential CDs for a sustainable foxnut supply chain. Expert opinions refined the list with the help of fuzzy-Delphi method (FDM), and the final CDs were analyzed with fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (F-DEMATEL) to establish their causal relationships and hierarchical importance. Findings The study identifies the top three CDs for a SFNSC: “Branding of the product”, “The Global increase in demand” and “Value addition of the foxnut”. Moreover, “Storage infrastructure”, “Mechanized processing” and “Proper transportation facilities” also contribute to the sustainability of the foxnut supply chain. Research limitations/implications The results hold significance for various stakeholders in the foxnut industry, encompassing producers, policymakers and researchers. The identified CDs can guide decision-making and resource allocation to improve the sustainability of the foxnut supply chain. The study's framework and methodology can also be applied to other industries to promote sustainable practices and achieve SDGs. Originality/value This study enhances understanding of CDs for an SFNSC. FDM and F-DEMATEL techniques analyze causal relationships and rank key factors. The SFNSC model may help other major foxnut producers to become more sustainable.

Teachers’ Perspectives Towards Using STEAM Approach in English Classrooms

Objectives: The aim of this study is to see the perception of teachers towards STEAM approach in teaching students. The research asserts towards different views teachers have created for STEAM in educating students. This study highlights the awareness of STEAM pedagogy, and the challenges they may face during instructional implementation. Although, it is difficult to implement STEAM successfully, but it is a useful tool in teaching students' practical knowledge and skills. Methods: The present study is adopted using quantitative research method. The sample size selected from total population of teachers in Bahawalpur district were 50 in total. There were 25 males and 25 females who were selected through convenient sampling technique. Self-developed inventory was used as research tool to collect data from participants. Results: The findings of the study showed that the teachers are aware of using STEAM in classrooms and it greatly helps them to teach applied skills and knowledge. The results show that although teachers felt difficulty in evaluation and assisting students, they still feel that STEAM is a multi-disciplinary approach which is a great way to utilize full potential of students and makes teaching and learning exciting. Conclusions: The cumulative discussions that were found in the light of the study concluded that teachers wanted to implement STEAM in the classrooms, but they also wanted proper facilities and structure for applying this approach successfully as it requires training and resources.

MODELING CHRONIC FILARIASIS CASES IN WEST JAVA USING A MULTIVARIATE ADAPTIVE APPROACH REGRESSION SPLINES

One of the most crippling infectious diseases in the world is filariasis. Indonesia is a unitary country with 34 provinces, where West Java is one of the 5 provinces with the most filariasis sufferers in Indonesia as of 2021. Reinfection occurs in places that have implemented POMP. Therefore, monitoring operations must be carried out to track the emergence of new cases and risk factors for transmission. The aim of this research focuses on describing and modeling the number of chronic filariasis in West Java, as well as interpreting the best model results obtained. The method used is a method with a nonparametric regression approach, namely Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline. The results of the research show that the best model obtained is a combination of 15 base functions, maximum interaction 2, and minimum observation between knots 1. From this model, the predictor variable that has the most influence on the response variable in order based on the level of variable importance is the Percentage of Population Access to Facilities Decent Sanitation, Percentage of Households with Clean and Healthy Behavior (PHBS), Sex Ratio, and Percentage of Poor Population. The interpretation of the best model is that the variable Percentage of Population Access to Adequate Sanitation Facilities above 6,650% will contribute to a reduction in the number of chronic filariasis; the Sex Ratio variable below 103,300 will contribute in the form of a reduction in the number of chronic filariasis. it can be seen that the predictor variable that has the most influence on the response variable is the variable Percentage of Population Access to Proper Sanitation Facilities with an importance level of 100%.

Assessing knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding conjunctivitis among patients

Aims and Objectives: (1) To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice about conjunctivitis among patients. (2) To educate society regarding preventive and therapeutic measures. Methodology: A cross-sectional study, in which 500 patients were selected as participants, knowledge, attitude, and practice were assessed regarding conjunctivitis using prevalidate questionnaire, which contains 20 questions. Descriptive statistics were used to elaborate patients’ demographic characteristics. Categorical variable was percentage while the continuous variable was conveyed as mean ± standard deviation. A significance P < 0.05 was used for comparison. All analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Science Version 20. Results: Out of 500 distributed questionnaires, 328 were male, 172 were female, majority having age range between 25-60 years. It was seen that 370 participants (74%) have adequate knowledge regarding conjunctivitis. Conclusion: Patients have sufficient knowledge and awareness about conjunctivitis, yet effort should be made to bring change about conjunctivitis. Proper eye health facilities and teaching should be involved in institute health services, and early presentation to eye care centers for its treatment should be encouraged.