Pronunciation Guide Research Articles

Phonological Inclusion, and Exclusion, Regarding South African English in the Online OED

This article approaches the subject of inclusivity and diversity from a phonological perspective, as applied to the online Oxford English Dictionary (OED). Specifically, the pronunciation guide within the OED entry for South African English (SAE) is investigated. On the one hand, that the OED provides a list of World Englishes is a step forward in terms of diversity, avoiding the linguistic hegemony of British and American English, for example. On the other hand, the pronunciation guide for SAE relies on a rather singular variety — that reflective of white South Africans. Moreover, the OED pronunciation guides for all varieties of English reflect "educated urban speakers of standard English". Therefore, the pronunciation guide is exclusive regarding race and class, and thus additional varieties of SAE are not represented. As such, while the OED, as a trusted source, has made efforts to address linguistic diversity, more work needs to be done in this area. Keywords: pronunciation, accent, White South African English, great trichotomy, exclusivity, language attitudes

La pronuncia italiana per i giovani apprendenti sloveni: che cosa ne dicono i dizionari?

The article deals with the representation of Italian pronunciation in five contemporary dictionaries for young Slovenian learners. As the use of a dictionary not only stimulates the development of lexical competence, but can also serve as a useful means for pronunciation learning, the article investigates five categories representing phonetic-phonological features in a dictionary: introduction to phonetics/phonology (e.g. a pronunciation guide), phonetic transcription, phonemes, consonant length and accent. The representation of these features in a dictionary for young learners should be clear and coherent, and in some cases a dictionary (especially a dictionary intended for the youngest users) should also featureaudio pronunciations. The five dictionaries analysed are fragmentary with regard to the pronunciation: only one dictionary includes audio recordings (although the relation between the spelling and the pronunciation remains unclear, as it does not include a pronunciation guide); two dictionaries include deficient phonological transcriptions and incomplete pronunciation guides; one dictionary contains only the Italian alphabet with corresponding phonemes, while another dictionary is without any elements that could familiarize a Slovenian learner with Italian pronunciation.

A Viable Option for Dictionary Pronunciation Guides

Abstract English words do not always follow simple letter-to-sound pronunciation rules, and thus readers sometimes need to look up a pronunciation of an unfamiliar word, especially in the case of children and foreign learners of English. Pronunciation guides in dictionaries take many forms. The most common guides in American dictionaries use diacritics over many of the vowels to indicate different pronunciations. We compared a commonly used diacritic system with an alternative system that uses only the 26 letters used in English. We found that the alternative system was easier for participants to learn and use to respond with the correct English spelling of a target word given the spelling from the pronunciation guide. We conclude that when dictionary makers want to find a simpler system than one with diacritics, a system such as the one tested here should be considered.

The English Experience Serves as a Pronunciation Guide Allowing Students by Analogy to Learn Spelling in Taiwan Aboriginal Languages: An Example of the Amis Ethnicity

Orthography is a set of conventions for representing language in written form; written forms are made up of graphic words, and such words, taking English for example, are composed by individual graphs or letters that represent sounds. Thus, writing systems are conventional visible marks for human communication (Gelb,1963: 12; Burnaby, 1997: 59; DeLancey, 1998). Written communication, furthermore, allows a culture to communicate in written form with its ancestors and with its progeny by crossing physical and time boundaries. All aboriginal languages spoken in Taiwan were in the past orally transmitted. As Fishman (1980: 169) writes, “Unless they are entirely withdrawn from the modern world, minority ethno-linguistic groups need to be literate in their mother tongue (as well as in some language of wider communication).” However, the language becomes vastly easier to learn and literacy is improved when the writing system is consistent. In Taiwan since 2001, English has been taught in our educational system from the fifth grade of the primary school onward. Students, therefore, know the alphabet and learn both the shapes of its 26 letters, the letter names, and the phonemic correspondence to these graphs, and it would be much easier to learn a system of phonetics for a pre-literate or semi-literate people group that uses letters found in the English alphabet, for the English experience serves as a pronunciation guide allowing students by analogy to learn spelling in their aboriginal languages. My intention in this paper through action research is to share what has been done for over thirty years to capitalize upon the fact that the students in Taiwan are already familiar with alphabetic writing because of their prior study of English. They would, therefore, be well-placed to transfer the regular sound-letter association which they have learned in English classes to the representation of the sounds of the various aboriginal languages of Taiwan. The great benefit of it is to make acknowledgement of the theme of translingualism, a process of empowerment. This empowerment of us in our daily life might produce an environment that fosters maturity and responsibility for our own circumstances. In a word, it would be easier to learn a system of phonetics that uses letters found in the English alphabet that serve as a pronunciation guide while making analogy in learning aboriginal languages.

Validating the Effectiveness of the Mandarin Pronunciation Guide among Malay Learners

This paper reports on a study which was conducted to validate the effectiveness of a guidebook entitled “Mandarin Pronunciation Guide with a Comparison of English and Malay words.” Many authors (i.e. De Mente, 2006; Peters, 2006; Sharma, 2007) have used English phonetic to explain Mandarin pronunciation. However, no study has been conducted to prove the effectiveness of using English phonetic to learn Mandarin. Mandarin Pronunciation Guide, which content includes using similar corresponding English and Malay sounds, is a guidebook which is written for Malay and English speaking students who learn Mandarin as a foreign language. This study therefore aimed to verify the effectiveness of the guidebook as used among students of a public university in Malaysia. Participants were fifteen Malay students who were asked to use the guidebook. Pre-test and post-test were administered before and after the utilisation of the guidebook where participants were requested to record their pronunciation of 100 Chinese words. The results showed a significant improvement among participants which validated the effectiveness of the Mandarin Pronunciation Guide for use among Malay learners.

Aztecs on Stage: Religious Theater in Colonial Mexico. Edited by Louise M. Burkart. Translated from the Nahuatl by Louise M. Burkhart, Barry D. Sell, and Stafford Poole. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2011. Pp. ix, 244. Illustrations. Reading Guide. Pronunciation Guide. Glossary. Appendix. References. $24.95 paper.

Aztecs on Stage: Religious Theater in Colonial Mexico. Edited by Louise M. Burkart. Translated from the Nahuatl by Louise M. Burkhart, Barry D. Sell, and Stafford Poole. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2011. Pp. ix, 244. Illustrations. Reading Guide. Pronunciation Guide. Glossary. Appendix. References. $24.95 paper. - Volume 69 Issue 1

Aztecs on Stage: Religious Theater in Colonial Mexico. Edited by Louise M. Burkart. Translated from the Nahuatl by Louise M. Burkhart, Barry D. Sell, and Stafford Poole. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2011. Pp. ix, 244. Illustrations. Reading Guide. Pronunciation Guide. Glossary. Appendix. References. $24.95 paper.

Aztecs on Stage: Religious Theater in Colonial Mexico. Edited by Louise M. Burkart. Translated from the Nahuatl by Louise M. Burkhart, Barry D. Sell, and Stafford Poole. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2011. Pp. ix, 244. Illustrations. Reading Guide. Pronunciation Guide. Glossary. Appendix. References. $24.95 paper.

William Barnes's Dialect Poems: A Pronunciation Guide by T. L. Burton (review)

Reviewed by: William Barnes's Dialect Poems: A Pronunciation Guide by T. L. Burton Graham Tulloch Burton, T. L. , William Barnes's Dialect Poems: A Pronunciation Guide, Adelaide and Provo, UT, Chaucer Studio Press, 2010: cloth; pp. xx, 288; 1 map, audio CD; R.R.P. AU$75.00; ISBN 9780842527606. William Barnes was one of the great nineteenth-century autodidacts. Leaving school at thirteen, he taught himself many languages, learned to play three instruments, and wrote prodigiously. He had a particular interest in the history of the English language and its dialects but his poems in Dorsetshire dialect provide his principal claim to fame: the first was published in a local newspaper in 1834 and was followed by many others, including three collections. Barnes established himself as a major minor poet, carefully reproducing Dorset dialect in two different kinds of phonetic spelling. Thomas Burton's book addresses a particular problem, namely, how to pronounce Barnes's poems. To this end, he provides a detailed account of the realization of the twenty main vowels of English in Barnes's Dorset dialect; a similar treatment of consonants (including iconic features of west country dialects such as 'z' for Standard English 's'); line-by-line commentary on three poems; and phonetic transcriptions of eighteen poems. There are also three appendices containing Barnes's own writing about Dorset dialect and his specimen of Winterborne Came local speech, a table of key rhymes, and an index verborum, as well as an audio CD of readings and a map. Thus we have a whole box of tools with which to unlock the pronunciation Barnes intended for his poems - essential for reading his work since all his poetry is rhymed. [End Page 320] Burton's book draws on an enormous amount of detailed research, consulting specific studies of Dorset dialect (including Barnes's own), general works on English pronunciation, and general dialect surveys such as the monumental work of A. J. Ellis and later The Survey of English Dialects. All of this material has been mastered and expertly deployed; yet for such a technical subject it is all immensely readable. The value of this excellent book lies both in the intrinsic interest of the subject and in introducing us to the full enjoyment of a very fine poet. It is easy to forget just how important dialect poetry was in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, although we have only to think of Burns to realize what dialect poets were able to achieve. Barnes is an important part of this tradition and this book makes it possible for us to enjoy the aural subtleties of his work for the first time, perhaps, since his lifetime. Graham Tulloch School of Humanities Flinders University Copyright © 2012 by the Author

WILLIAM BARNES OF ENGLISH POETRY: The People's Poet: William Barnes of Dorset. By ALAN CHEDZOY * William Barnes's Dialect Poems: A Pronunciation Guide. By T. L. BURTON

WILLIAM BARNES OF ENGLISH POETRY: The People's Poet: William Barnes of Dorset. By ALAN CHEDZOY * William Barnes's Dialect Poems: A Pronunciation Guide. By T. L. BURTON

Sarajevo: a Bosnian kaleidoscope

List of Illustrations Acknowledgments Pronunciation Guide Introductions 1.Meeting and Greeting the City 2. Practices of Place: Living in and Enlivening Sarajevo Bosniacs, Croats, and Serbs: The Constituent Nations of Bosnia-Herzegovina 3. National Legibility: Lines of History, Surges of Ethnicity 4. Census and Sensibility: Confirming the Constitution Ostali: The Other People(s) of Bosnia-Herzegovina 5. Where Have All the Yugoslavs, Slovenes, and Gypsies Gone? 6. Sarajevo's Jews: One Community among the Others 7. Insisting on Bosnia-Herzegovina: Bosnian Hybridity Conclusion 8. After Yugoslavia, after War, after All: Sarajevo's Cultural Legacies Glossary Notes References Index

China's cosmopolitan empire: the Tang dynasty

* Introduction * The Geography of Empire * From Foundation to Rebellion * Warlords and Monopolists * Urban Life * Rural Society * The Outer World * Kinship * Religion * Writing * Conclusion * Dates and Dynasties * Pronunciation Guide * Notes * Bibliography * Acknowledgments * Index

Phonetic Alphabet as a Pronunciation Guide

Phonetic Alphabet as a Pronunciation Guide

China between empires: the northern and southern dynasties

* Introduction * The Geography of North and South China * The Rise of the Great Families * Military Dynasticism * Urban Transformations * Rural Life * China and the Outer World * Redefining Kinship * Daosim and Buddhism * Writing * Conclusion * Dates and Dynasties * Pronunciation Guide * Notes * Bibliography * Acknowledgements * Index

The Routledge dictionary of Latin quotations: the illiterati's guide to Latin maxims, mottoes, proverbs, and sayings

Preface References and Sources Pronunciation Guide Alphabetical and Chronological Lists of Major Authors Cited The Routledge Dictionary of Latin Quotations: Section One: Latin Proverbs and Maxims Section Two: Latin Mottoes and Catchphrases Section Three: Familiar Latin Quotations Index of Familiar Phrases

Lakota dictionary: Lakota-English / English-Lakota

Preface Introduction Guide to Pronunciation Guide to the use of the Dictionary Grammar Section Classes and Paradigms of Verbs Word Sources Abbreviations Lakota to English English to Lakota Appendix A: Bible History references Appendix B: Teton Lakota Society Appendix C: Bibliography

A Pronunciation Guide to Soil Classification

Soil Survey HorizonsVolume 44, Issue 4 p. 115-116 Article A Pronunciation Guide to Soil Classification Robert G. Darmody, Corresponding Author Robert G. Darmody rdarmody@uiuc.edu Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, 1102 S. Goodwin, Urbana, IL, 61801Search for more papers by this author Robert G. Darmody, Corresponding Author Robert G. Darmody rdarmody@uiuc.edu Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, 1102 S. Goodwin, Urbana, IL, 61801Search for more papers by this author First published: 04 August 2015 https://doi.org/10.2136/sh2003.4.0115Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume44, Issue4Winter 2003Pages 115-116 RelatedInformation

Voice of America Pronunciation Guide

Voice of America Pronunciation Guide

Buddhism: introducing the Buddhist experience

Boxes, Figures, and Maps Acknowledgments Pronunciation Guide Introduction 1. THE LIFE OF GAUTAMA BUDDHA The Early Life of Siddhartha Gautama The Great Renunciation The Awakening of the Buddha The Mission of the Buddha The Last Days of Gautama Buddha 2. THE TEACHINGS OF THE BUDDHA The Three Characteristics The Five Aggregates Dependent Arising Karma and Rebirth The Four Noble Truths The First Noble Truth: Life Is Duhkha The Second Noble Truth: The Cause of Duhkha The Third Noble Truth: The Cessation of Duhkha The Fourth Noble Truth: The Eightfold Path to the Cessation of Duhkha The Eightfold Path Nirvana 3. THE WAY OF THE ELDERS The Three Baskets The Sutra Pitaka The Vinaya Pitaka The Abhidharma Pitaka The Second and Third Councils King Asoka Theravada's Path of Purification Theravada Buddhism in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia THE CULTURAL EXPERIENCE OF THAI BUDDHISM TODAY, METTANANDO BHIKKU 4. THE GREAT VEHICLE The Mahayana Sutras The Great Journey of the Bodhisattva Celestial Bodhisattvas and Buddhas 5. THE INDIAN EXPERIENCE OF BUDDHISM The Abhidharma Schools The Mahayana Schools Logic, Tantra, and the Extinction of Buddhism in India 6. THE TIBETAN EXPERIENCE OF BUDDHISM The First Dissemination of Buddhism in Tibet The Second Dissemination of Buddhism in Tibet The Geluk School and the Dalai Lama The Tantric Experience Schools of Tibetan Buddhism: Distinctive Practices Recent Events in Tibet THE CULTURAL EXPERIENCE OF TIBETAN BUDDHISM TODAY, GESHE DAMDUL NAMGYAL 7. THE CHINESE EXPERIENCE OF BUDDHISM Translation and Inculturation New Translations and Scholarship Persecution and Reform The Chinese Schools I: Laying the Foundation of the Chinese Experience The Chinese Schools II: Defining the Chinese Experience Persecution and Decline Later Developments THE CULTURAL EXPERIENCE OF CHINESE BUDDHISM TODAY, DEDONG WEI 8. THE KOREAN EXPERIENCE OF BUDDHISM The Advent of Buddhism during the Three Kingdoms Period Buddhism during the Unified Silla Dynasty: Innovation and Scholarship Buddhism during the Koryo Dynasty: Searching for Unity Repression during the Choson Dynasty The Japanese Occupation and Recent Developments THE CULTURAL EXPERIENCE OF KOREAN BUDDHISM TODAY, JONGMYUNG KIM 9. THE JAPANESE EXPERIENCE OF BUDDHISM Prince Shotoku The Nara Period (710-784): The Six Schools The Heian Period (794-1185): The Tendai and Shingon Schools The Kamakura Period (1185-1333): Pure Land, Zen, and Nichiren The Muromachi Period (1338-1573): Zen and Japanese Culture The Tokugawa Period (1603-1868): Struggle and Reform The Meiji Period (1868-1912) and Recent Developments THE CULTURAL EXPERIENCE OF JAPANESE BUDDHISM TODAY, TOMONOBU SHINOZAKI O-bon Festival 10. MODERN BUDDHISM IN ASIA New Buddhist Movements in Asia Women's Experience of Buddhism in Modern Asia 11. BUDDHISM IN THE WEST Buddhism in Europe Buddhism in Canada Buddhism in Australia Western Buddhism and Globalization Buddhism in the United States The Experience of Buddhism in the United States THE CULTURAL EXPERIENCE OF AMERICAN BUDDHISM TODAY, REV. HENG SURE

Time, history, and belief in Aztec and Colonial Mexico

List of Illustrations Preface Acknowledgments 1. Time and the Interpretation of Other Cultures 2. Outside the Focus 3. Reinterpreting Aztec Perspectives 4. Why the Aztecs Manipulated Time 5. The Ripples of Time 6. The Colonial Transition 7. Time and Analysis Appendix: Pronunciation Guide Notes Bibliography Index

In the wake of the Balkan myth: questions of identity and modernity

List of Maps and Photographs Preface Acknowledgements Pronunciation Guide Constructing the Balkans Textual Representations The Balkans Talk Back Modernity: Urban Culture and the Balkans Representations of City Life Discourses of Identity and Modernity in Times of Crisis Notes Index