Promotion Of Solidarity Research Articles

Chapitre 2. La loi de bioéthique : un enjeu de démocratie sanitaire

The law of bioethics defines the judicial framework for governing medical practices and research involving the human body and the embryo. Does any scientific or technologic innovation warrant a modification of the law? To respond to this question, a preliminary reflection is necessary so as to define new equilibria which respect ethical principles, the promotion of solidarity with respect for the autonomy of each person.The CCNE is charged with organizing public debate, in the form of a general assembly of bioethics, with the support of regional spaces of ethical reflection. This extensive experience took place from January to June 2018 and lead to several lessons, notably the strong expression of a need for information and a critical vision of the notion of medical progress.Then, the parliamentary instruction and hearings that accompanied it, from 24 July 2019 to 2 August 2021, contributed developments to the initial bill. Thus, the periodic review of the law of bioethics is now based on citizen participation in the construction of legislative arbitration, demonstrating the French way of social participation.

The Linguistic Landscape on the Streets of Kuwait: A Challenge to the Concept of Diglossia

Linguistic landscape (LL) is a representation of language(s) visibility in public space. This study aims to draw a comprehensive profile of LL as adopted by private firms on billboards alongside the main streets of Kuwait, shedding light on the status of Kuwaiti vernacular, Standard Arabic (SA), and English in the country. The study utilises a quantitative approach through which billboards on the main streets of Kuwait were photographed, categorised based on the language of the script, then quantified to assess the popularity of the language. Billboards representing the main displayed language varieties were presented to a heterogeneous sample of respondents to assess their views across the two dimensions of status and solidarity through a digital questionnaire. The study also utilised a qualitative approach through informal interviews to gain the language specialists’ perspective on the issue. The results indicate that Kuwaiti vernacular has a growing positive attitude because of its perceived charisma and promotion of solidarity. When SA is mixed with English, or when English is transliterated into SA orthography, it tends to appeal to the public eye. Kuwaiti sociolinguists reflected a strong rejection of the trendy Kuwaiti vernacular over SA. Yet, English has not been viewed as a threat to SA.

Solidarity as a global bioethical principle: Own reasons for a culture of solidarity from a Protestant perspective

In the development and acceptance of Article 13 of the Universal Declaration of Bioethics and Human Rights (UDBHR), the Protestant faith tradition was not involved in the consultation process (other traditions were indeed consulted). This brings the universality (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization [UNESCO] perspective) as well as the acceptability of the declaration and its principles (civic perspective) into question. To address this issue, it is necessary to involve the Protestant tradition in the discourse by presenting own reasons to support the universal principles in the declaration (theological perspective). In order to achieve the aim, two facets of Article 13 will be studied. In the first place, to present satisfactory own reasons, it is important to investigate and construe beforehand what UNESCO’s understanding is of the content of Article 13 of the declaration. In the second place, with sufficient understanding of Article 13, a theological evaluation and grounding will be undertaken. From a broad Protestant perspective, this discourse has shown that solidarity as a shared value can be grounded in a Trinitarian approach. It is clear that Article 13 of the UDBHR can be grounded in a broad Protestant social teaching; therefore, the call for solidarity can be encouraged, wholeheartedly supported and executed.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: This study gives attention to global bioethics and human rights, an underdeveloped subject within the field of theological ethics. The study overlaps with political science, philosophy (global ethics) and human rights. It joins the discussion in this discipline and supports the promotion of solidarity within this field, which is very important within the health sector in South Africa.

The European Union Solidarity Fund: an assessment of its recent reforms

After extensive flooding in 2002, the European Union Solidarity Fund (EUSF) was created as an ex post loss-financing vehicle for EU member states and candidate countries in the case of disasters that exceed the government’s resources to cope. The EUSF is viewed as a valuable instrument for pooling risk among countries in Europe and potentially as a model for financing loss and damage from climate change in vulnerable countries worldwide. This paper assesses its future prospects taking account of reforms adopted in 2014. Our analysis is based on three recognized aims of the Solidarity Fund: its promotion of solidarity with those countries having the least capacity to cope with major disasters; its contribution to proactive disaster risk reduction and management (climate adaptation); and its robustness with regard to its risk of depletion (stress testing). Using a simulation approach for future disasters, we conclude that the reformed EUSF’s risk of depletion, although it is reasonably robust to more frequent disasters, could be reduced by increasing member state contributions and/or engaging in risk transfer. The European Commission has taken important steps in linking the fund to proactive risk reduction; yet, by changing its budgeting practices, the commission could be more proactive in encouraging risk management in member states. In its current form, the EUSF does not embed needs-based solidarity. Lower-income “new” member states have received disproportionately less compensation in terms of eligible losses, although on average, they have received more disaster aid than what they contribute to the fund. Solidarity could be enhanced by changing the rules for disbursing aid. After briefly describing alternative risk-pooling models in the Caribbean, Africa, and Europe, we suggest how design features of the EUSF as compared to other regional risk pools can inform discussions on the Warsaw International Loss and Damage Mechanism.

The Influence of Gender and Ethnicity on the Choice of Language in the Transaction Domain of Language Use: The Case of Undergraduates

Multilingual individuals, consciously or unconsciously, are often confronted with having to select one linguistic code over another from within their linguistic repertoires. The choice of a proper linguistic code enables effective communication and could also lead to the promotion of solidarity among interlocutors. The focus of this study was to examine the influence of gender and ethnicity on the choices of languages of Malaysian youths in the transaction domain of language use. In sociolinguistic studies, Domain as a theoretical concept can be employed to explain how language choices and some individual factors—in case of this study gender and ethnicity—related to language choices of multilinguals. Based on a random proportional stratified sampling strategy, a total of 498 undergraduate local students in a Malaysian public university were selected as respondents of the study. The male and female respondents mostly belonged to the three main ethnic groups, i.e. the Malays, Chinese, and Indians. Also some other ethnic minority groups’ members were included in the study. Data about the demographic profiles of the respondents and the choices of languages in the transaction domain of language use was collected through a self administrated questionnaire survey. SPSS software was used to run analyses such as determining the respondents’ most used languages and Chi-Square Test to find out the relationships between variables. According to the results, the linguistic situation in Malaysia is similar to a diglossic situation. Besides, the factor of ethnicity was found to be influential in the choice and use of linguistic codes among the Malaysian youths. But gender was not found to be a determinant of language choice in the transaction domain of language use.

PROPOSALS FOR THE AMENDMENT OF THE NEW CIVIL CODE ARISING OUT OF THE FAILURE TO MEET THE REQUIREMENTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

Appeared with the declared intention to ”meet the requirements of a dynamicpresent”, by: “the newly promoted solutions, the revision of some classical institutions oremphasis on certain internationally recognized principles, not implemented in the Romanianspace yet”, the new Civil Code does not seem to integrate the environmental and relatedissues in the dynamics of the present. Moreover, except for some modest norms – such as art.539 par. 2 which includes in the category of movables “the electromagnetic waves or thoseassimilated to them, as well as the energy of any kind” and art. 603 which provides theobligation of the owner to “observe the tasks concerning the protection of the environmentand the action of ensuring good neighbourhood” – nothing entitles us to assert that the newCivil Code “makes valuable use of provisions of European law instruments”. It is known thatthe basic treaties of the European Union – the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty onthe Functioning of the European Union – in numerous articles, establish the sustainabledevelopment of Europe and of the planet, the promotion of solidarity between generations anda high level of protection and enhancement of the quality of the environment as primaryobjectives of the European Union. This is the reason why art. 11 TFEU imposes that“environmental protection requirements must be integrated into the definition andimplementation of the Union policies and activities”.

No Aggression, Only Teasing: The Pragmatics of Teasing and Banter

No Aggression, Only Teasing: The Pragmatics of Teasing and Banter A bone of contention among researchers is whether the primary function of humour is the expression of aggression against the hearer or the promotion of solidarity between the interlocutors. It is commonly averred that teasing boasts a dichotomous nature, i.e. malignant and benevolent. The former coincides with the potential for criticising, mocking and ostracising the interlocutor, whereas the latter accounts for playfulness and bonding capacity. The overriding goal of the paper is to expound the rapport-building function, which is here postulated to be inherent to teasing. First and foremost, I will determine the scope of interest differentiating between putdown humour and teases, which may assume the form of retorts and develop into multi-turn teases, i.e. banter. Subtypes of teasing will be discussed with a view to proving that it is inherently devoid of genuine aggressiveness. The underlying premise is that teases, even if ostensibly aggressive, i.e. face-threatening, are geared towards solidarity, in conformity with the framework of politeness, including mock impoliteness, holding between intimates. Also, teases fulfil a few subordinate functions such as defunctionalisation or mitigation of face-threatening messages they may carry.

Globalisation of consciousness and new challenges for international social work

Although the notion of international social work is not new, it is only in recent times that its central premises have been in focus. Considering diverse ongoing globalisation processes and in regard to the weakening of the national welfare state, social work must tackle the challenge of redefining its role and mission if it is to remain true to its professional commitments. The emergence of new global regions and the globalisation of local social problems make the consolidation of democracy and human rights, the prevention of conflicts and the promotion of solidarity and peace through global cultural integration some of the main concerns of international social work. In this article, international social work is discussed as a project of partnership between diverse social actors such as practitioners, universities and local governments cooperating beyond the boundaries of the nation‐state.

South Africa's Transition in a Globalizing World: HIV/AIDS as a Window and a Mirror

South Africa's peaceful transition is evolving during a period in which spectacular twentieth-century achievements have greatly improved life for one-fifth of the world's population. These are being gradually eclipsed, however, by the impact of social and economic forces that relegate four-fifths of the world's population to increasingly insecure, miserable and impoverished lives. South Africa's negotiated revolution, which has allowed it to move from the pariah status of apartheid to that of a fledgling democracy, exemplifies the paradigm shift required for global progress towards a more just and peaceful world. The HIV/AIDS pandemic, a major threat to South Africa, the African continent and many others around the world, is used in this article as a window through which to view the prospects for the long-term social success of South Africa's transition. It is also used as a mirror to reflect the world in which such a disease could emerge and spread pervasively. The explanatory links between exploitative global economic forces and the emergence of threats to lives are considered, in order to illuminate new pathways towards global progress in which respect for human rights will be further consolidated through promotion of solidarity, interdependence and social justice.

SOLIDARITY: A FOUNDATIONAL EDUCATIONAL CONCERN

Solidarity has become an important expression in a world where the pursuit of individual self‐interest is increasingly a dominant feature of life. Appeals for solidarity help us to become aware of the world of the other, especially the suffering and oppressed. They are a protest against personal and structural denials of the rights, dignity and equality of persons, and a source of empowerment for social reform. But, pervasive though these expressions of solidarity have become, there is a need for a better articulation of the origins and implications of the term, if these expressions are not to become empty slogans. In this paper, I will propose the need for solidarity, examine the sources of the term, and show how the principle and practice of solidarity, although construed in different metaphors is deeply rooted in the scriptural story. This exploration of a scriptural foundation provides a more holistic frame of reference for proposing that the promotion of solidarity should be a foundational concern for religious educators.

King Baudouin International Development Prize

An International Prize for World Development has been created by the King Baudouin Foundation. The Prize has been set up in deference to the wishes of H.M. the King of the Belgians. It will normally be awarded every two years and will be given for the first time in Autumn 1980, on the occasion of the 150th Anniversary of Belgium and to mark the 50th birthday of King Baudouin.The King Baudouin Prize for International Development has been established to encourage individuals or organisations, irrespective of their nationality, who have made an important contribution to the development of the Third World and to the promotion of solidarity and good relations between industrialized and developing countries.This prize is worth three million Beligan francs (about £50,000). As a rule the prize money will be granted to a single person or organization. It may exceptionally be split equally between several people.