Promotion Of Safety Research Articles

Prosocial Behavior and Workplace Safety: Analysis of the Role of Emotional Intelligence and Perceived Organizational Support in Two UK and US Samples

Prosocial safety behavior (PSB) is a critical element of workforce participation in the promotion of safety in the workplace. This study aims to examine the influence of various antecedents on PSB. Based on an analysis of the existing literature on prosocial behaviors, we investigate whether emotional intelligence (EI) and perceived organizational support (POS) significantly influence PSB. Furthermore, we analyze the mediating role of employees’ intrinsic motivation (IM) and affective commitment (AC) in these relationships. The research was conducted by administering an online questionnaire to a large sample of 488 workers employed in safety-critical industries based in the United States and the United Kingdom with the support of an online platform (N = 346; N = 142). Statistical analyses, conducted using a multi-group approach, revealed that EI had a direct effect on PSB in the two samples analyzed. In the US sample, we found that IM mediated the influence of EI and POS on PSB. In the UK sample, none of the mediation hypotheses were supported. The study provides insights into the individual and organizational factors that promote the development of a prosocial orientation in managing workplace safety issues, revealing the importance of recognizing the role of EI as a significant person-related antecedent supporting PSB. The statistical evidence from the study suggests that organizations that desire to facilitate the expression of PSB in their workforce may consider investing in training programs to enhance the EI of their employees and designing work conditions that facilitate high levels of intrinsic motivation.

Knowledge of the risks of ultraviolet radiation, sun exposure attitudes and practices among Lebanese university students

BackgroundExposure to Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is a major risk factor for skin cancer. Data about UVR risk knowledge and exposure behaviors in the Lebanese population are scarce. AimTo evaluate the association between UVR risks knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among Lebanese university students in the aim of promoting primary prevention of skin cancer. MethodsWe conducted a quantitative cross-sectional study between January and March 2022. An online survey was sent to Saint Joseph University students in Lebanon consisting of 5 sections: sociodemographic data, skin and health status, UVR exposure and protection behaviors, attitudes towards exposure and risks’ knowledge. Descriptive analysis was conducted, in addition to bivariate analysis and logistic regression with sunburn and sunbathing as outcomes respectively. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05. ResultsA total of 385 students responded to our questionnaire with a mean age of 23.59. 62.1 % reported at least one episode of sunburn during the last summer. The most common sun protective measure was sunscreen application; however, its frequency wasn’t satisfactory considering the high knowledge level of UVR risks. The most frequent barrier into applying sunscreen was its expensive price (42.4 %). Furthermore, positive attitudes towards tanning, particularly among women, and sunbathing were high. 75.1 % of students sunbathed for at least one day. ConclusionLebanese university students are aware of the risks of UVR risks; however, sunburn and sunbathing are common and protective behaviors are often not applied. Future awareness campaigns for skin cancer and promotion of sun safety are necessary.

Assessing public trust in road traffic injuries prevention policies in Iran: a cross-sectional study.

Road Traffic Injuries (RTIs) represent the predominant cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Thus, impactful interventions and trustworthy authorities are imperative to mitigate traffic accidents. The present study seeks to assess public trust in traffic accident diminution policies and measures within the country of Iran. This cross-sectional study utilized a questionnaire comprising 31 questions distributed across eight dimensions. The questionnaire's design was informed by a literature review and semi-structured interviews with experts specializing in traffic accidents. The target population consisted of Tabriz city residents, who were selected via convenience sampling. The collected data were then analyzed using SPSS-16 software, employing the T-test, One-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient to present the study's results. structural equation modeling (SEM) was conducted using R 4-4-2 programming language. A total of 681 participants completed the questionnaire, yielding a commendable response rate of 88.6%. The majority of participants were male (60.8%), and 86.2% identified as drivers, with 61.8% having experienced driving accidents. The overall score for public trust in RTIs policies was calculated to be 46.9%. The individual scores for specific domains of trust in traffic safety were as follows: safer roads (43.1%), safe vehicle (43.3%), safety laws (48.8%), safe user (51.1%), safe technology (51.5%), road safety management (46.8%). All the latent variables except education are significantly effective on public trust. The study findings indicate relatively low levels of public trust in RTIs policies among the Iranian population. These results emphasize the need for targeted interventions to enhance public confidence in specific aspects of traffic safety. Policymakers can use these insights to implement effective measures, thus contributing to the RTIs and the promotion of road safety in the country.

Assessing the Quality and Effectiveness of School-Based Sports Coaching Programs in China

This research assessed the effectiveness of sports coaching programs implemented in schools in China. It examines explicitly crucial elements such as coaching credentials, program structure, sports infrastructure, safety protocols, monitoring and evaluation approaches, and technology integration. The study used a stratified sampling technique to choose a representative sample of athletes from various universities. Data was gathered by administering questionnaires and conducting interviews to evaluate the athletes' perspectives on the coaching programs. The findings suggest that athletes typically have a good perception of coaching programs, especially about their effective promotion of cooperation, safety, and use of technology. However, some aspects need improvement, including grasping sports skills, allocation of facility money, and availability of contemporary resources. Furthermore, the research revealed no statistically significant disparities in athletes' evaluations or program outcomes when they were categorized according to their gender, sport, or length of participation. Furthermore, the coaching programs show a modest favorable impact on athletes' physical fitness, sports performance, and general well-being, with specific attention on the development of endurance, resilience, and problem-solving skills. The study furthermore cites many significant obstacles coaches encounter, including resource constraints, cultural and academic demands, inadequate professional growth opportunities, and hurdles to effective communication.

The Promotion and Communication of Occupational Health and Safety at PT Pertamina International (KPI) Refinery Unit Balongan - Indramayu

The Promotion and Communication of Occupational Health and Safety at PT Pertamina International (KPI) Refinery Unit Balongan - Indramayu

Standards of Care for Peripheral Intravenous Catheters: Evidence-Based Expert Consensus

Highlights Abstract Background: The insertion of a peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) is the most commonly performed invasive procedure in healthcare. Despite its frequency in placement in hospitalized patients, PIVCs are generally perceived as being safe; however, the prevalence of failure ranges from 35%-50%. Additionally, complications are common and often deemed “acceptable” by clinicians. Healthcare provider and clinician foundational knowledge and competency is lacking nationally. Considering the mere volume of PIVCs placed, the failure and complication rates, the human impact is significant. Methods: The Association for Vascular Access (AVA) has led a collaborative effort with representatives from the Infusion Nurses Society (INS), the American Association of Critical Care Nurses (AACN), ECRI, and content experts representing nursing vascular access, infusion therapy, infection prevention, critical care, pediatrics, healthcare leadership, a physician, and a patient representative. Our aim is to provide concise guidance that will enhance and standardize practices related to peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVC). By consolidating current standards of practice into a comprehensive document, our framework seeks to advance the quality of care and improve patient safety. Results: This document has undergone meticulous scrutiny to ensure its quality; including incorporation of current standards, methodology for consensus from the expert panel, and input received from public comments. Conclusions: We anticipate that this work will have a significant impact on healthcare professionals, policymakers, and, most importantly, patients’ experiences by the promotion of consistent, high-quality treatment, safety, and comfort for patients receiving a PIVC.

Impact of Indoor Environment and Biological Processes on Bioaerosol Levels in a University Wastewater Treatment Lab

Bioaerosol emitted in university biological laboratories may exert adversely effects on employees and students. The occupational health and safety have been given much importance. This study aimed to monitor the risk of bioaerosol formation inside a biological wastewater treatment laboratory where other biological activities were performed along with wastewater treatment using the biological method. The concentration of bacterial and fungal bioaerosols was studied, and the diversity of the air microbiota was evaluated, using a single-stage impactor. The purpose of the Corelation research was to evaluate the effects of indoor biological activity unique to wastewater labs and building characteristics. Increased number of occupants (corelation efficient- 0.71 and 0.47 respectively) and their experimental activity related to wastewater treatment drastically elevated both mesophiles (2018 MPN·m−3) and psychrophiles (1128 MPN·m−3) concentrations in early winter, which crossed permissible limits, whereas the fungal concentration was found below the upper permissible limits (78 MPN·m−3) in same condition. The fungal bioaerosols were found to get influenced by seasonal change and humidity (highest during autumn- 406 MPN·m−3) and were not really influenced by number of occupants (corelation efficient- 0.33). This result suggests a moderate risk of bacterial bioaerosol to occupants working in wastewater treatment laboratory. These findings may contribute to promotion and implementation of indoor environment safety at educational institute and may help in formation of policy to regulate indoor bioaerosol levels.

Occurrence, accumulation, ecological risk, and source identification of potentially toxic elements in multimedia in a subtropical bay, Southeast China

Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in seawater and sediments may be amplified along the aquatic food chain, posing a health threat to humans. This study comprehensively analyzed the concentrations, distribution, potential sources, and health risk of 7 PTEs in multimedia (seawater, sediment and organism) in typical subtropical bays in southern China. The results indicated that Zn was the most abundant element in seawater, and the average concentration of Cd in sediment was 3.93 times higher than the background value. Except for As, the seasonal differences in surface seawater were not significant. The content of Zn in fishes, crustacea, and shellfish was the highest, while the contents of Hg and Cd were relatively low. Bioaccumulation factor indicated that Zn was a strongly bioaccumulated element in seawater, while Cd was more highly enriched by aquatic organisms in sediment. According to principal component analysis (PCA), and positive matrix factorization (PMF), the main sources of PTEs in Quanzhou Bay were of natural derivation, industrial sewage discharge, and agricultural inputs, each contributing 40.4 %, 24.2 %, and 35.4 %, respectively. This study provides fundamental and significant information for the prevention of PTEs contamination in subtropical bays, the promotion of ecological safety, and the assessment of human health risk from PTEs in seafood.

An Analysis of Drug-Related Problems in the Neurology Ward of a Tertiary Teaching Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background and objective Drugs that act on the central nervous system have a high potential to cause drug-related problems (DRPs). A clinical pharmacist aided by collaborative efforts within an interdisciplinary healthcare team can prevent, detect, and resolve DRPs, thereby contributing to the promotion of medication safety and improving the quality of life of individuals under care.This study aimed to assess DRPs identified in the neurology ward of a tertiary hospital from February 2016 to November 2019. Methods This was a descriptive study with a cross-sectional and retrospective design involving secondary data collected from pharmaceutical care (PC) records. Student's t-tests, Pearson correlation coefficients, Poisson models, and logistic regression models were used to analyze the associations between age, number and type of medications, duration of hospitalization, and the occurrence of DRPs. Results A total of 130 patients were included in the study, and a total of 266 DRPs were detected, with 93 patients experiencing more than one DRP and 37 not presenting any DRPs. Necessity-related DRPs were the most prevalent (46.6%) type, followed by safety-related DRPs (28.6%). The prevalence of safety-related DRPs was higher in individuals older than 60 years (p<0.001). Conclusions Of note, 84.6% of the interventions suggested by pharmacists to resolve DRPswere accepted by the healthcare team. The high number of DRPs found underscores the importance of the clinical role of the pharmacist and interprofessional collaboration in the care of neurological patients, especially in the pharmaceutical follow-up of elderly individuals.

A qualitative study on the relationship between leadership and clinical skills in paramedicine and the promotion of patient safety

This study aims to investigate and describe the relationship between acquired leadership capability and clinical performance in the out-of-hospital environment (OOH) and to identify and explore those key themes that might influence a relationship between paramedic leadership aptitude and patient safety. This study employed a qualitative descriptive design using a combination of purposive and convenience sampling. Data collection occurred via semi-structured interviews conducted over teleconference. Qualitative thematic analysis was chosen with an inductive orientation, semantic focus of meaning, and experiential framework taken to coding and theme generation. This methodology facilitated the discovery and analysis of the participant's personal experiences with the interconnectedness of leadership and clinical skills and the associated implications to patient safety. Data was collected from seven registered paramedics, all of whom were working for public sector ambulance services as specialist, advanced care paramedics. Five primary themes emerged: (1) discovery of human factors, (2) knowledge growth is formal and informal, (3) working smarter, (4) leadership expectations and usefulness and (5) transparency of errors. These themes underpin the importance of, and provide constructive insights into, the relationship between leadership and clinical skills in paramedicine and the impact on patient safety. This research has identified that those non-technical skills (NTS) including that of leadership employed in paramedicine are inextricably linked and of equal importance to those technical clinical skills The assessment of a paramedic's NTS against a required standard in a similar way to a technical skill, is important when considering practice competency policies moving forward.

Risk assessment of healthcare workers’ exposure to physical load in relation to patient handling and movement: a feasibility study of the instrument TilThermometer

BackgroundWork-related musculoskeletal disorders are common among healthcare workers (HCWs) but might be prevented by risk assessment and further promotion of occupational safety and health.The aim of this study was to investigate if the risk assessment instrument TilThermometer can be used to identify risk profiles of physical exposure in HCWs working with patient handling and movement (PHM). Further aims were to describe HCWs’ perceptions and experiences of using the TilThermometer.MethodsThis feasibility study has a mixed design methodology. In total, 54 HCWs from 17 Swedish care units participated and performed risk assessments with the TilThermometer. Data collected from the risk assessments were used to identify risk profiles of physical exposure. HCWs’ experiences of using the TilThermometer were collected from activity logs and analysed qualitatively. Three questionnaires were used to assess perceived acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of the risk assessment, and eight study specific questions were used for perceived usefulness.ResultsThe TilThermometer was used at the care units by assessing each care recipient, and when compiling the data at a group level, a summarized risk profile for the care unit could be provided. Risk for physical exposure was reported as high in two work tasks; no care unit used the high-low adjustable seat when showering care recipients sitting down, and 13% used the recommended assistive devices when putting compression stockings on. However, 99% used high-low adjustable assistive devices when caring and bathing care recipients lying down. TilThermometer was described as easy to use, enabling team reflections and providing an overview of the care units’ recipients and workload, but difficulties in categorizing for mobility groups were also reported. The TilThermometer was, on a five-point scale, perceived as acceptable (mean 3.93), appropriate (mean 3.9), and feasible (mean 3.97). These scores are in line with questions evaluating usefulness.ConclusionThe risk assessment provided risk profiles with potential to contribute to care units’ development of a safe patient handling and movement practice. The findings suggest that the TilThermometer can be used to assess risks for physical exposure in relation to patient handling and movement in care units at hospital and nursing homes.

The Wellbeing of Healthcare Workers during COVID-19 Era in Public Primary Health Facilities in Johannesburg, South Africa.

As the world grappled with the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers (HCWs) continued to provide uninterrupted health care service delivery; therefore, this disproportionately affected their wellbeing. Our study explored the wellbeing of HCWs during the COVID-19 era in public health facilities in the City of Johannesburg, Gauteng province, South Africa. A qualitative study was conducted among twenty (20) HCWs through face-to-face in-depth interviews (IDIs) in the form of semi-structured interviews, audiotapes, and transcribed verbatim, and thematically analyzed with NVivo version 10. The findings showed that over half of HCWs (aged between 27 and 60 years) tested positive for COVID-19. Also, one third of HCWs' family members tested positive while some died due to COVID-19 infection. Informed by the workers' wellbeing framework, four themes emerged with fourteen sub-themes. Firstly, unsafe work environment was characterized by human resource related challenges such as increased workload; staff shortage; insufficient resources, e.g., personal protective equipment (PPE); poor policies in terms of compensation/allowance for being infected with COVID-19; poor health services; and death of colleagues. Secondly, poor health outcomes were described as strained emotional (psychosocial distress) and physical (respiratory related conditions) wellbeing. Thirdly, home and community environments were negatively impacted by interrupted relationships with family and friends, and experiences of deaths of loved ones. Finally, HCWs engaged personal wellbeing strategies through self-motivation; staying positive; family support; and participating in resilience-promoting extra mural activities to cope during the pandemic. In conclusion, the wellbeing of HCWs was aggravated during the COVID-19 era and led to low morale and compromised healthcare quality. This study advocates for promotion of greater resilience, and psychological and physical safety of HCWs through evidence-based, multilevel-multicomponent interventions at the workplace, home, and community environments in addition to strengthening public health policies and response to future pandemics.

아파트 구매결정 요인이 주거만족도 및 재구매 의도에 미치는 영향

This study aims to analyze the mediating effect of buyer's perceived value on the impact of apartment purchase decision factors on residential satisfaction and repurchase intention among residents of apartments in Jeju Island. To achieve this, a survey was conducted on 437 residents of apartments in Jeju Island, and the results were analyzed.&#x0D; The research findings revealed that among the factors influencing apartment purchase decisions, locational factors negatively influence repurchase intentions, economic factors negatively influence purchase satisfaction, while physical and social factors positively influence residential satisfaction. Additionally, economic and social factors among the purchase decision factors positively influence functional value, and social factors positively influence social value.&#x0D; Furthermore, functional value positively influences purchase satisfaction, social factors positively influence both purchase satisfaction and repurchase intention. Both functional value and social value play a partial mediating role in the relationship between apartment purchase decision factors and residential satisfaction.&#x0D; These research results suggest several implications. When purchasing an apartment, it is necessary to conduct a precise analysis of locational factors and surrounding market prices. From the seller's perspective, active promotion of various amenities, safety, convenience, and accessibility is essential. Moreover, promoting the superiority of functional and social values of apartments compared to the purchase cost is crucial. To enhance apartment purchase and repurchase intentions from consumers, ensuring the adequacy of quality and price, as well as enhancing satisfaction through factors such as social status improvement resulting from apartment purchase, are necessary.

What the experts see: A qualitative analysis of the behaviors of master adaptive learners in emergency medicine.

The Master Adaptive Learner (MAL) model postulates that learners develop adaptive expertise through cycles of self-regulated learning. Despite a robust theoretical basis, the actual observable behaviors of MALs are not well characterized. We sought to define behaviors that characterize MALs within emergency medicine (EM) training. Using a constructivist grounded theory approach, we analyzed semistructured interviews with expert EM educators. These experts reflected on observable behaviors as well as factors in the clinical learning environment that may modulate these behaviors. We recruited using purposive sampling until thematic saturation. We identified four overall themes, of which three described groups of learner behaviors and a fourth described modifiers of these behaviors. Learner behaviors include: (1) critical interrogation of practice, (2) intellectual risk-taking, and (3) intentional curation of a learning network. Critical interrogation of practice encompasses several observable behaviors including learner-driven feedback conversations, independent synthesis of clinical information, appropriate deviation from algorithms based on their conceptual understanding of core principles, intentional use of case variation and hypothetical questioning, and continuous refinement of decisions. MALs also engage in intellectual risk-taking for their development by communicating clinical decision-making processes even at the risk of being wrong, openly addressing errors and gaps, and intentionally seeking out uncomfortable experiences. Intentional curation of a learning network is the deliberate development of a consortium of trusted individuals who serve as mentors and sounding boards. We also identified a fourth theme related to the expression of learner behaviors: learning environment modulates behaviors. Active promotion of psychological safety is necessary for learners to express these behaviors. This safety is mediated through trusting relationships and expert supervisors who serve as colearners and role models. We present several behaviors that allow identification of MALs among EM trainees. These data expand our understanding of MALs and the critical influence of the learning environment. Identification of these behaviors may allow for more precise categorization of targeted curricular interventions and meaningful learning outcomes.

POLICE PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE ON CITIZENS’ TRUST: A HUMAN RIGHTSBASED POLICING PROGRAM IN SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES

Human Rights-Based Policing is a framework that guides police officers in executing their duties, providing a balance between law enforcement and the safety of individuals' rights. This study assesses the correlation between police professional competence and citizens' trust in police officers in Isulan, Sultan Kudarat, Southern Philippines. The data collection methods included a survey questionnaire focusing on police professional competence and citizens’ trust towards police officers, encompassing factors such as community policing, police behavior, operational procedures, and human rights preservation, as well as response time, active investigation, citizen contact, and promotion of public safety and security. The data was analyzed using frequency distribution, percentage, measures of central tendency, and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. The analysis revealed a significant relationship between police professional competence and citizens' trust in police officers, indicating a strong positive correlation. This refutes the null hypothesis that there is no significant relationship between police professional competence and citizens' trust. The findings hold substantial implications for the human rights-based policing program in Isulan, Sultan Kudarat, enhancing trust between civilians and law enforcement officer’s individuals' rights.

Differential impact of risk prevention training for work at height by traditional training and experiential learning methods

The central purpose of this article focuses on the analysis of the differential impact of training in accident risk prevention and safety promotion with people exposed to work at heights with traditional training and experiential learning methods. Methodologically, a quasi-experimental study was designed with two experimental and control groups. Procedurally, the workers in the two groups were previously assigned, highlighting that they received the same thematic training units for work at height, specifically with the procedure for work on telescopic ladders, based on the ANSI Z359.1 protocol against the Fall Protection System (SPCC); with the only difference corresponding to the training method (Traditional vs. Experiential Learning). The results allow us to identify significant differences in the level of learning and the performance of the workers, with the performance of the experimental group exposed to the experiential learning method being higher. From the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the findings derived from the study, the need and opportunity to enrich the training processes with the pedagogical component of experiential learning is evident, since it generates a higher level of involvement in the approach to the contents and the specialized training activities that have a higher level of interactivity and simulation of real conditions, positively influencing the development of risk prevention skills and promotion of safety in the working conditions of workers dedicated to one of the most frequently used modalities. accident risk. Keywords: Work at height, risk of accident, occupational safety, fall protection system, experiential learning

Sailing into rough seas: The difficulties and challenges Chinese women seafarers face

The shipping industry has traditionally been male-dominated. Although tangible progress has been made toward gender diversity and inclusiveness, women seafarers worldwide still face difficulties and challenges. This paper aims to explore women’s struggles in their pursuit of a seafaring career on ocean-going cargo ships. Taking Chinese women seafarers as the research subjects, the study first analyses their current situation and points out that compared with global figures, only few STCW-certified Chinese women work as officers or ratings on the ocean-going cargo ships. Then five major types of difficulties and challenges Chinese women seafarers face, i.e., limited access to vocational education and training, employment difficulty because of stereotypes, prejudices and sexual distinction, safety and healthcare concerns, bullying, abuse and sexual harassment, as well as traditional ideas of family and childbirth, are presented by the data drawn from questionnaires and interviews given to current and future-to-be seafarers from both genders. At last, suggestions from the aspects of the provision of educational and training resources and guidance, the improvements in relevant legal system and policy, the establishment of support groups and report system, the promotion of occupational health, safety and well-being, as well as the creation of a friendly social and cultural atmosphere are given to advance gender equality, empower women seafarers in their careers and reach a barrier-free environment in the industry.

Involving patients to promote patient safety in healthcare facilities in Germany

Background: Proactive involvement of patients in the design of safe care is a WHO-defined goal of the current decade. This paper investigated (a) which patient involvement activities and measures are implemented in German health care facilities for patient safety, and (b) which recommendations for action can be derived for our health care facilities. Aim and method: A literature and Internet search was conducted on institutional practices and organizational activities in Germany to improve patient safety with the involvement of patients. Interviews with five experts were conducted who advised our approach. An agenda for future research projects and first recommendations for clinical practice was formulated afterwards. Results: The evidence base on established measures to incorporate patient perspectives into the strategic promotion of patient safety in healthcare facilities in Germany is scarce and inconsistent. Patient surveys and the use of patient advocates are common. It remains unclear how patient councils as well as self-help groups have the potential to contribute to the promotion of patient safety in practice. Conclusions and agenda: An agenda is proposed. A more in-depth empirical survey and description of the situation in Germany, taking into account the experience of experts from clinical practice, is necessary to obtain a complete picture of the currently established measures for patient involvement, to uncover potential for realization and to define necessary framework conditions.

The Statutory Development for Criminal Responsibility based on International Trade Law of Aggressive Tax under Travaux Preparatoires: A Case Report of Joe Cinque

Purpose: Taxes are responsibilities of a company to comply with the goals of sustainable development. Corporate Code of Conduct must exercise tax compliance and avoid tax evasion as source of criminal liability. This paper aims to develop tax avoidance based on statutory interpretation concerning Hague Convention as its extrinsic material to extend the legal principle of travaux preparatoires. Hence, UNCITRAL legal modelling framework is utilized to make commercial transactions universal to trade law, for addressing legal gaps in marketing behavior of taxation system involving intellectual property of product design. Thus, this statutory interpretation intends to resolve issues for the lack of legal measures in protecting public safety resulting to increase in domestic violence proportional to massive terrorism serving as a question in deontology.&#x0D; Methodology: Tax aggressiveness is the obligation of the company to provide revenue distribution to public sector. Unlawful behavior on tax aggressiveness is known as tax evasion while tax avoidance is not a violation and serves as a loophole to the taxation system. UNCITRAL model law is a legal arbitration concept of making “commercial” expand to other comparable jurisdiction of international trade. Hague Convention drafted travaux preparatoires to conceptualize a legal framework of making the commercial transactions universal to other extended territories in terms of international trade law.&#x0D; Findings: Corporate Governance is a systematic design of stakeholders and their corporate social responsibility to advocate sustainable development. Therefore, in terms of tax avoidance, the strict liability of the company must be addressed with constitutional issues and commercial responsibilities of selling its product design with elemental performance of domestic violence under Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) of United Nations Convention. The statutory interpretation for tax avoidance serves as a developed measurement to allocate funds, from sources of criminal actions, since deviation of tax avoidance would result to illegal diversions as criminal offenses from tax avoidance, for promotion of public welfare and safety in public sector, as well as in police enforcement of constitutional right.&#x0D; Recommendation: Corporate social responsibility must be observed as fulfillment of business ethics’ goals of financial intelligence to sustainable development of Corporate Governance. Thus, it is suggested for advocacy of artificial intelligence adoption as authorless works for promoting intellectual property as a constitutional right.

Permanent education for quality and patient safety in an accredited hospital

Objective To understand the challenges faced in terms of permanent education in health, for achieving quality improvements and patient safety at a public hospital undergoing hospital accreditation. Methods This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study with a qualitative approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 professionals, lasting an average of 22 minutes. The interviews were subsequently analyzed and interpreted using Bardin’s thematic content analysis. The software Iramuteq was used to analyze the textual corpus, and BioEstat 5.3 was used to analyze the profile of the participants. The data collection took place in June 2022, following approval by the Research Ethics Committees. Results The descending hierarchical classification analysis, generated by Iramuteq, was applied, resulting in three categories: Challenges of Permanent Education through the Continuous Improvement Process, Permanent Education for the Promotion of Quality and Patient Safety in the Context of Hospital Accreditation, and Educational Strategies for Improving Quality and Patient Safety. Conclusion Challenges inherent to the actions of permanent education in health were identified, such as resistance to cultural change, adherence to activities, high turnover of professionals, and difficulty in releasing the nursing team to participate in activities, due to work demand.