Physical Health Promotion Research Articles

Health Promotion in Nursing Practice

Introduction: Global Health Promotion: Challenge of the 21st Century Part I. The Human Quest for Health 1. Toward a Definition of Health 2. Individual Models to Promote Health Behavior 3. Community Models to Promote Health Part II. Planning for Health Promotion and Prevention 4. Assessing Health and Health Behaviors 5. Developing a Health Promotion-Prevention Plan Part III. Interventions for Health Promotion and Prevention 6. Physical Activity and Health Promotion 7. Nutrition and Health Promotion 8. Stress Management and Health Promotion 9. Social Support and Health Part IV. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Health Promotion 10. Evaluating Individual and Community Interventions Part V. Health Promotion in Diverse Populations 11. Self-Care for Health Promotion Across the Life Span 12. Health Promotion in Vulnerable Populations Part VI. Approaches for Promoting a Healthier Society 13. Health Promotion in Community Settings 14. Promoting Health Through Social and Environmental Change Index

Gender, Spatiality and Fear: Young women's experiences of outdoor physical activity

This paper seeks to explore gender, spatiality and fear relations, previously established in geography, leisure and tourism research, through young women's experiences of outdoor physical activity. The aim of this paper is threefold. Firstly it will explore what is meant by ‘safe and unsafe’, with particular focus on the environment(s) where outdoor physical activity does or could occur. Secondly, it will attempt to gain a clearer understanding of the psychological, social and cultural characteristics that render certain environments threatening. Thirdly, it will link our understanding of gender, spatiality and fear to the applied context of physical activity and health policy, promotion and provision. I will draw on empirical data from a series of surveys, group and individual interviews with a group of 74 young female undergraduate students aged between 18 and 24, who recount their experiences of fear of victimisation and outdoor physical activity. The students were either in full‐time or part‐time attendance at a university in the south‐west of England, with 47 studying towards sport and exercise related degree programmes, and 27 studying nonsport and exercise related degrees. Findings were expectedly interesting and diverse. Results provide an interesting insight into a relatively under‐researched area in physical activity literature, and have implications for future public health policy in the UK, both on a local and national level.

Applying Needs-Assessment Skills in the Implementation of EAP Structures

Needs-assessment skills were applied in order to promote the growth of underdeveloped EAPs in Korean corporations. Employees in Korean manufacturing were examined in terms of what problems they experienced and what services they would like to see developed in the workplace. The findings suggest that the respondents' concerns mainly centered on job stress, vocational guidance, retirement, mental and physical health, cultural activities, time management, and smoking habits. Correspondingly, they desired employer assistance in areas such as job stress management, vocational guidance, retirement services, mental health services, physical health promotion, cultural activity promotion, time-management services, and smoking prevention. The results not only facilitate the application of needs-assessment skills, but also trigger the birth of EAPs for troubled employees in South Korea.

Muévete Bogotá: promoting physical activity with a network of partner companies

In 1998 the mayor's office and the District Institute for Sports and Recreation created Muévete Bogotá, a physical activity and health promotion programme for the capital city of Colombia. Muévete means to move or to be active, and this campaign to promote physical activity was designed to improve the health and quality of life of the citizens of Bogotá through regular physical activity. The programme is based on the 1995 recommendations on physical activity of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine (Pate el al, 1995), and was developed in close consultation with the Agita São Paulo programme in Brazil (Matsudo el al., 2003). Muévete Bogotá couples a mass media campaign with programmes targeted to change physical activity behaviour. The interventions, which are conducted at work sites, schools, health care centers and in community settings rely on partnerships created among professionals in areas of education and health, business officials and personnel, and community members, to deliver the programmes in each of these settings and populations. Like many developing countries, Colombia suffers from a growing epidemic of chronic diseases. In 1993 35.7% of total mortality in the city of Bogotá was due to chronic diseases (Espinosa, 1993). In 2002 cardiovascular diseases accounted for 40.3% of mortality among the population aged 60 years or older and 26.8% for persons 45 to 59 years of age. (Cardona, 2002) Bogotá has implemented extensive physical and social environmental changes over the last decade, which has increased opportunities for physical activity, but sedentary lifestyle continues to be a significant public health problem in the city. Programmes such as Muévete Bogotá that educate and motivate the population to become more physically active appear to be needed to complement the underlying environmental and policy changes. Muévete Bogotá provides an example of successful implementation of a comprehensive multi-sectoral approach to physical activity promotion in a large metropolitan area. This model may be used as an exemplary effort elsewhere in Latin America and in urban areas in developing countries around the world.

Physical activity and health promotion

Physical activity and health promotion

Quality of Life Assessment in Physical Activity and Health Promotion

Despite the clear relationship of physical activity and quality of life (QoL), QoL measures are seldom targeted for physical activity and health promotion. The current research attempted to address that gap by developing a QoL measure based on a conceptual model that reflects positive health and is relevant for physical activity and health promotion programs. In the project, which extended over three phases, an initial 70-item QoL survey was administered to university students and community program participants (total n?=?512) along with measures of satisfaction with life and physical activity. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed clear social, emotional, cognitive, physical, spiritual and functional (ADL) QoL factors as well as integrated QoL. The resulting 32-item QoL Survey fits the conceptual model, demonstrates logical relationships with physical activity and has sufficient psychometric properties for use in related research and health promotion programs.

Social Marketing of Physical Activity

PURPOSE: The current study investigates the effects of a single, non-paid mass media event on access to a physical activity health promotion website. METHODS: 10,000 Steps is an existing physical activity promotion program in Queensland, Australia. An interactive website has been developed to support and promote the program to a wide audience. The website includes programming that collects advanced website access statistics. In May of 2005, a lifestyle article featuring the 10,000 steps program, with specific reference to the 10,000 steps website (www.10000steps.org.au) was published in a chain of related newspapers in the major cities of Australia. A discontinuous times series analysis of website access (total hits, unique hits, program registration and step log use) was conducted for a period 8 weeks prior to, and 8 weeks post-publication to assess the impact of the non-paid marketing opportunity. RESUITS: Significant increases immediately post-publication were found in website hits, unique visits, program registrations and steps recorded in the web-based step log. The peak in activity occurred in the week immediately post-publication and remained significantly above baseline levels for a total of 3 weeks, before returning to original levels. CONCLUSION: A number of large-scale physical activity programs internationally now feature websites to promote and support activity in the general population (America on the Move, Canada on the Move, 10,000 Steps). RESUITS: show that no-cost marketing opportunities exist to attract people to the websites if the branded programs feature their website address as part of these opportunities.

P1030 サプリメントの摂取習慣が労働者の心身のヘルスアップに及ぼす効果(一般演題:ポスター,地方の時代の産業保健,第79回日本産業衛生学会)

P1030 サプリメントの摂取習慣が労働者の心身のヘルスアップに及ぼす効果(一般演題:ポスター,地方の時代の産業保健,第79回日本産業衛生学会)

Assessment Of International Centers For Physical Activity Research And Practice

The mission of the CDC/WHO Collaborating Center for Physical Activity and Health Promotion is to understand and promote physical activity (PA) to enhance health and quality of life worldwide. Currently, there is no comprehensive directory of worldwide institutions with similar objectives. The World Health Organization (WHO) Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health was endorsed in May 2004; the document encourages policy development and implementation, and supports research regarding diet and PA. PURPOSE To identify and describe the scope of work of international centers for PA research and practice that could potentially play a role in the implementation of the WHO Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health. METHODS A center for PA research and practice must 1) be an institution, 2) have PA and public health as its major focus, 3) have produced at least 2 peer reviewed scientific publications since 2000 and 4) have a research component and a programmatic and/or policy component. Centers were identified through a literature search, CDC/WHO Collaborating Center contacts, and respondents. The survey was developed to collect descriptive information and scope of work. The survey was distributed via email and two reminder emails were sent to non-responders. RESULTS Surveys were sent to 347 centers; 51 were undeliverable, 151 did not respond, 29 did not meet the criteria, and 116 meet the criteria. This is an overall response rate of 42%. The centers represent 33 countries and are located in North America (41%), Europe (31%), Asia (9%), Oceania (8%), South America (7%), Middle East (4%), and Africa (1%). 26% are governmental, 62% are non-governmental, and 12% are both governmental and academic institutions. More than half of the centers report having behavioral scientists, statisticians, program directors, exercise physiologists, epidemiologists, physicians, health educators, and research and administrative assistants on their staff. 81 % of centers are familiar with the WHO Global Strategy and 83% are willing to assist with its implementation. CONCLUSION 116 international centers for PA research and practice were assessed. Their work encompasses a variety of research and practice activities and a majority is willing to assist with the implementation of the WHO Global Strategy. The large percentages of awareness and willingness to assist with the WHO Global Strategy will have positive implications for the future work of the CDC/WHO Collaborating Center and the promotion of physical activity worldwide.

The Effect Of Physical Activity On Community Capacity Building

Increasing physical activity is a desirable goal for health, social and economic reasons. More recently, physical activity initiatives in communities have been viewed as opportunities for cooperation and community building, through infrastructure development, to fostering teamwork, and promoting participation. Four core agencies from a mid-sized Canadian city; the Saskatoon District Health (the regional health authority), City of Saskatoon (a major provider of recreational programs and facilities in the community), the University of Saskatchewan, and Participation (a national physical activity promotion organization) formed a partnership to develop and implement a city-wide active living strategy, known as “Saskatoon in motion”. The mandate of this initiative was to unite the strengths of public, private, and industry efforts into a collaborative alliance to inspire the residents of this Canadian city to lead physically active lives to enhance their health and quality of life. PURPOSE To determine the effects of a city wide physical activity health promotion initiative on community capacity building. METHODS A mixed methodology (i.e. qualitative/ quantitative) was taken and included data sources such as questionnaires, focus group interviews, and participant observation of key informants in the initiative and the community. Laverack's (1999) nine domains of community capacity were used as a tool for measurement. RESULTS: The findings showed increases in all nine capacity domains from baseline (2002) to follow up one year later (2003). There was also convergence in domain ranking by partners over time, indicative of movement towards a more consistent vision, one of the key elements of an effective partnership. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that community-wide physical activity programs constitute a potential resource opportunity; an entry or means to increase community capacity; a process in which community groups define, assess, analyze, and act on health concerns of importance to their members. Supported by CIHRFigure

Assessment Of International Centers For Physical Activity Research And Practice

The mission of the CDC/WHO Collaborating Center for Physical Activity and Health Promotion is to understand and promote physical activity (PA) to enhance health and quality of life worldwide. Currently, there is no comprehensive directory of worldwide institutions with similar objectives. The World Health Organization (WHO) Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health was endorsed in May 2004; the document encourages policy development and implementation, and supports research regarding diet and PA. PURPOSE To identify and describe the scope of work of international centers for PA research and practice that could potentially play a role in the implementation of the WHO Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health. METHODS A center for PA research and practice must 1) be an institution, 2) have PA and public health as its major focus, 3) have produced at least 2 peer reviewed scientific publications since 2000 and 4) have a research component and a programmatic and/or policy component. Centers were identified through a literature search, CDC/WHO Collaborating Center contacts, and respondents. The survey was developed to collect descriptive information and scope of work. The survey was distributed via email and two reminder emails were sent to non-responders. RESULTS Surveys were sent to 347 centers; 51 were undeliverable, 151 did not respond, 29 did not meet the criteria, and 116 meet the criteria. This is an overall response rate of 42%. The centers represent 33 countries and are located in North America (41%), Europe (31%), Asia (9%), Oceania (8%), South America (7%), Middle East (4%), and Africa (1%). 26% are governmental, 62% are non-governmental, and 12% are both governmental and academic institutions. More than half of the centers report having behavioral scientists, statisticians, program directors, exercise physiologists, epidemiologists, physicians, health educators, and research and administrative assistants on their staff. 81 % of centers are familiar with the WHO Global Strategy and 83% are willing to assist with its implementation. CONCLUSION 116 international centers for PA research and practice were assessed. Their work encompasses a variety of research and practice activities and a majority is willing to assist with the implementation of the WHO Global Strategy. The large percentages of awareness and willingness to assist with the WHO Global Strategy will have positive implications for the future work of the CDC/WHO Collaborating Center and the promotion of physical activity worldwide.

Effects of Dan Jeon Breathing Exercise on Physical Health Promotion in Middle Aged Women

Purpose: This study was to examine the effects of Dan Jeon Breathing on physical health promotion in middle aged women. Method: This study was quasi-experimental with a nonequivalent control group pre-post test design. The subjects were classified into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group had 21 middle-aged women who did Dan Jeon Breathing, the control group consisted of 22 middle aged women. Dan Jeon Breathing was carried out for 40 minutes a day, 3 times a week for 6 weeks. The difference between the experimental group and control group was verified with an -test, t-test and paired and unpaired t-test. Results: The score of physical symptoms for the experimental group was lower than that of the control group. The score of physical strength for the experimental group was higher than that of the control group. Conclusion: Dan Jeon Breathing can be a physical health promotion for middle aged women. In terms of nursing practice, Dan Jeon Breathing can be utilized as a nursing intervention for physical well-being of middle aged women.

Bridging disciplines: an introduction to the special issue on public health and pediatric psychology.

Public health reflects a broad variety of activities, with the ultimate goal of reducing disease mortality and morbidity and promoting health of the population as a whole. In the past, population health was measured by a relative absence of diseases, and the focus of public health research and practice was on the control of such diseases (especially communicable and infectious ones). However, more recently, a broader definition of health has been recognized. The World Health Organization views health as not just an absence of something, namely disease, but as a resource for realizing higher aspirations, satisfying needs, and coping with changes in the environment (Young, 1998). With this conceptualization being more widely adopted, the focus of population health has broadened to include social, environmental, and behavioral factors that may jeopardize health, placing individuals at risk for disease. Consequently, there is increased interest in including behavioral science and theory in the dialogue of public health research (Muehrer et al., 2002). Public health efforts aimed at pediatric populations have focused on either preventing problematic health outcomes in children (e.g., injury, childhood obesity, social/emotional problems) or preventing health risk behaviors associated with adult-onset chronic diseases (e.g., smoking prevention to reduce cancer or heart disease). Public health and population-based research and practice have not traditionally been the focus of pediatric psychology. Few articles submitted or published in the Journal have taken a public health focus (Kazak, 2002; La Greca, 1997; Roberts, 1992). However, recent surveys of pediatric psychologists and commentaries on the state of the field of pediatric psychology suggest the field is evolving and expanding. For instance, pediatric psychologists view primary prevention of poor health outcomes and the promotion of optimal physical and mental health in children to be of high priority (Brown & Roberts, 2000; Roberts, 1992). These sentiments are not germane solely to the pediatric psychology community; they are echoed by national health organization priorities and leaders in prevention science research calling for primary prevention and health promotion efforts to begin early in life and to include children, their families, schools, and communities (Perry, 2000; Stokols, 1996). Given the recent importance assigned to prevention of poor health outcomes and health promotion in pediatric psychology and the broader scientific community, this seems a fitting time to highlight current pediatric public health research. In the solicitation of articles for this special issue, we sought articles in the area of pediatric psychology that are related to disease prevention, including primary and secondary prevention efforts. We also were interested in receiving articles that included studies of surveillance that pertain to pediatric populations, issues related to pediatric psychology in rural settings, delivery of and access to care in pediatric populations, economic implications of pediatric psychological services, and health disparities in pediatric populations, as well as articles addressing policy regarding the interface between pediatric psychology and public health. A broad net was cast to attract submissions from individuals of different disciplines, including pediatric psychologists, epidemiologists, health service researchers, and prevention scientists. We received a set of high-quality manuscripts, and include in this special issue articles related to injury prevention and dissemination/diffusion efforts directed at substanceabuse and obesity prevention.

Enduring mental illness and physical health care

Research has shown that people with long-term mental health difficulties often suffer poor general health and are at risk of premature death. An audit in primary care showed that these patients had low rates of access to physical health screening and health promotion. Practices worked with colleagues in the community mental health team to encourage patients to attend for an annual check with a practice nurse. Outcomes are sent to the mental health team so that they can promote concordance with follow-up tests or treatment. Attendance rates have been high and unmet need has been revealed. Practice nurses and mental health staff are developing a better understanding of each others' roles.

18 Analyse médico-économique appliquée à la polychimiothérapie de première ligne des cancers broncho pulmonaires non à petites cellules (CBNPC)

This review presents readers with an overall picture about what China sport psychologists are doing and what concerns they have in their research and practice. Firstly, organisational structure, important academic activities, and accreditation system of China sport psychology are introduced. Next, we present the three research areas of China sport psychology, i.e., competition psychology, exercise psychology, and psychology of physical education. In addition, three mental training models proposed by Chinese sport psychologists are discussed, i.e., the comprehensive model for psychological development, adversity training model, and psychological development system for Chinese athletes. In the last section of this review, the authors analyze prospective research areas for sport psychology, including perception and decision making in sport, neuro-efficiency and neuro-plasticity, self-control and sport performance, athletes’ mental health, dose effect of mental health promotion through exercises, moderators on the relationship between exercise and mental health, and the intention-behavior gap in physical and mental health promotion through exercise.

Health promotion for dogs and humans: the 10,000 steps Rockhampton dog walking intervention

Purpose This paper describes the implementation and evaluation of an intervention aimed at increasing the dog-walking behaviour of residents from a community of approximately 60,000. This intervention was a sub strategy of the 10 000 Steps Rockhampton project – a community intervention aimed at decreasing sedentary behaviour in the adult population. Methods Brochures and posters were developed that promoted dog walking as a means to improve both human and canine health. The brochures were distributed by the local council to over 8 000 homes with the annual dog-renewal registrations. Results Evaluation of the intervention included a telephone survey of a randomly selected sample of Rockhampton residents (n=420) four-months post intervention. Although 63.6% of participants reported that owning a dog increased their physical activity levels, 40% of dog-owners did not walk their dog at all in the last week. The outcome evaluation of the intervention showed that 20.2% of dog-owners recalled receiving the brochure. Overall 15.3% of respondents with a dog in their household reported an increase in their physical activity levels since the intervention, 8.4% reported a decrease. Conclusions The intervention was an innovative and cost-effective way to tap into a section of the population that can benefit from engaging in regular walking behaviour. It was also a unique and useful way to engage local council in physical activity health promotion as part of a larger ongoing community-wide intervention.

Participants' Evaluations of Components of a Physical-Activity-Promotion Program for Seniors (CHAMPS II)

As new multifaceted programs are developed to facilitate increased physical activity in older adults, it is increasingly important to understand how useful various program components are in achieving program goals. On concluding a community-based physical-activity-promotion program. 80 older adults (M = 74 years) completed a helpfulness survey of 12 different aspects of the program. and 20 also attended focus groups for evaluation purposes. Results indicated that personal attention from staff, an informational meeting, and telephone calls from staff were most helpful. Ratings were similar across gender, age, and income groups, as well as between those who had previously been sedentary and underactive. Compared with more educated participants, those with less education reported higher ratings for 8 of 12 program components. Results contribute to a small literature on older adults' perceptions of physical activity programs and might be useful in planning future physical activity and other health-promotion programs relying on similar components.

Physical education and health promotion: a qualitative study of teachers’ perceptions

Presents the findings from semi‐structured interviews with 35 physical education (PE) teachers in secondary schools in the Northwest of England. A principal aim of the study was to examine the extent to which health promotion had become a central feature of PE teachers’ ‘’philosophies” and practices. The findings indicated that the views of many teachers were heavily tinted with health‐related ideological justifications for PE. Teachers not only viewed sport as a central aspect of the subject but also as the main vehicle for health promotion. The paper concludes that an ideology of sport has penetrated deeply into the core assumptions of both PE teachers and government in relation to the promotion of health through PE. Gaps between “policy” and “practice” in relation to health promotion in PE remain and these appear likely to become hardened rather than diminished by recent government policy.

The effect of physical activity advice given in routine primary care consultations: a systematic review.

Recent evidence and recommendations suggest that physical activity health promotion should be aimed at persuading the whole population to adopt an active lifestyle. Intensive medical programmes aimed at promoting physical activity amongst those at risk are not effective at achieving this aim. Brief advice from primary care professionals to quit smoking has a small but, at a population level, important effect. Brief advice in primary care to adopt a more active lifestyle may be similarly effective. The aim of this review is to determine the effect of advice given in routine primary care consultations on levels of physical activity. A systematic review was carried out of trials assessing the effectiveness of advice given in routine primary care consultations. Data sources were four electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Sport discus, Cochrane Library), and bibliographies of retrieved papers were searched. Experts were contacted. Eight trials, with a total of 4747 participants, were identified; the majority were from the United States. Outcome measures varied considerably between trials, including continuous measures (e.g. duration of exercise) and dichotomous measures (e.g. being active), therefore statistical pooling was inappropriate. Two of the trials were cluster randomized controlled trials, the remainder were quasi-experimental. None of the trials fulfilled all of the predetermined quality criteria and selection bias in the nonrandomized studies may have exaggerated results. Four of the six trials that presented short-term (up to 8 weeks) results found advice to be effective; only one of the four trials with long-term follow-up (4-12 months) found a sustained effect. The two randomized controlled trials had negative short- and long-term results. From the available evidence it appears that advice in routine primary care consultations is not an effective means of producing sustained increases in physical activity. However, these results may not be applicable to the United Kingdom, where the structure of primary care is unique. Quality research in UK primary care would be valuable.

Modelling physical activity: a multi‐state life‐table approach

To develop a consistent set of epidemiological estimates (incidence, prevalence, remission, mortality) for physical activity in New Zealand; project these estimates in the light of demographic trends; and predict the effectiveness of different health promotion strategies. Multi-state life tables were constructed using physical inactivity prevalence data from the 1996/97 New Zealand Health Survey, and estimates of the relative risk of mortality, and of remission rates, from the literature. Statistics New Zealand population projections were used to forecast these multi-state life tables to 2021. Two physical activity health promotion strategies -uptake (remission enhancement) and maintenance (incidence or relapse reduction)--were simulated by changing the relevant epidemiological variables. The current fatal burden of physical inactivity in New Zealand is estimated to be 2,600 deaths per year (9% of all deaths). By 2021, the prevalence of physical inactivity will rise 4% as a result of demographic trends. Relapse reduction (enabling active people to remain active) is about 50% more effective than uptake enhancement (enabling inactive people to become active) as a physical activity health promotion strategy, but the two approaches are additive. Maximum realistic changes in relapse prevention and uptake enhancement could reduce the prevalence of physical inactivity by about 30%. Multi-state life table methods can be used to model health risks (such as behaviours), as well as (chronic) diseases. The model has provided valuable insights for policy makers into the burden of physical inactivity in New Zealand, the impact of demographic trends, and the relative effectiveness of different health promotion strategies.