Promotion Of Innovation Activities Research Articles

ДРАЙВЕРИ ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО ЗРОСТАННЯ: КЕЙСИ ПОВОЄННОГО ВІДНОВЛЕННЯ

Background. The relevance of the study of the experience of successful post-war recovery of the countries in the context of identification and analysis of the economic growth drivers for Ukraine is undoubted at the moment, taking into account the need to develop effective economic policies and strategies to promote the reconstruction of the economy and embark on the trajectory of long-term economic growth. The purpose of the study is to empirically determine the drivers of economic growth in countries that are examples of successful post-war recovery. Among such countries are Japan, the Republic of Korea, and Israel. They are unique examples of a combination of global, economic, political, and cultural factors of economic growth, which is the object of this study. Methods. The method of decomposition of the growth rate of GDP in relation to the growth rates of its factors is used to identify the contribution of production factors in ensuring economic growth. Results. The study is the calculation of the contributions of production factors to the growth of GDP in Japan, the Republic of Korea, and Israel during 1951–2019. Based on these calculations the analysis of the key drivers of economic growth was carried out. Conclusions. Analysis of the drivers of economic growth in the post-war period of countries that are patterns of successful economic recovery showed that the main factor of post-war recovery is total factor productivity, which includes new technologies, investments in scientific research, promotion of innovative activities, as well as a favorable business environment, political stability, and institutions. The second most influential factor in the period of post-war recovery is the accumulation of physical capital. As for the main measures of economic policy, first of all, it should be emphasized the liberalization of economies, the availability of a sufficient amount of external financing, and the export orientation of the countries. In addition, the experience of post-war recovery has shown that the availability of natural resources does not play a decisive role in promoting economic growth.

Impact of Leadership on Innovation: Evidence from the Hotel Industry

Research Question: The paper investigated a relationship between innovation and transformational/transactional leadership, as well as the impact of these two leadership styles on innovation. Motivation: As there are small number of studies that have examined the impact of transformational and transactional leadership on innovations within the hospitality industry and in Serbia, the need for investigation is imposed. The paper draws on methodology and works of Bass and Avolio (1997), Hogan et al. (2011) and Nasution et al. (2011) which are, in this paper, applied to the context of hotel industry. The results of this study will expand theory in this field and it could be used as a significant practical guide for hotel management in order to achieve business improvement. Idea: In today's turbulent business environment the ability of the organization to innovate been the decisive factor of surviving, creating and maintaining competitive advantage on the market and also a critical factor in improving what the organization does. The aim of this research is to determine the predictive effect of transformational and transactional leadership on innovations within hotel industry in Serbia. Data: The study included 512 employees in 57 tree, four and five-star hotels in Serbia. Convenient sampling method was applied. The questionnaire used measured the attitude of the employees towards innovations and transformational and transactional leadership, as well as socio-demographic variables Tools: Data was prepared and analysed using statistical software IBM SPSS 24.0. Statistical data processing methods used in this paper are descriptive statistics, the reliability of the instrument, correlation and regression analysis. Findings: The research results show that both transformational and transactional leadership predict innovations, where transformational leadership style is a stronger predictor and better correlate with innovations. The results show that transactional leaders may also encourage innovativeness, but within the frames of the tasks already set. They can also motivate the employees by using different methods such as stimulative rewards, but that they are primarily focused on task execution. Contribution: The results can be used in making future decisions, measures and standards related to human resources management, as well as the development and promotion of innovative activities in hotels.

Roles of Formal Institutions and Social Capital in Innovation Activities: A Cross-Country Analysis

This paper investigates the roles of formal institutions and social capital in countries’ innovation activities. The sample consists of 62 developed and developing countries, using the ordinary least squares robust standard error estimations, instrumental variable (IV) estimators, and quantile regression. The empirical results indicate that formal institutions and social capital complement one another in influencing countries’ innovations level. In terms of the relative importance of both in promoting innovation activities, the social capital has greater role compared to formal institutions. Furthermore, the empirical result suggests that innovation level tends to be higher in countries with higher social capital. We also use the quantile regression to estimate whether the relationship among formal institutions, social capital, and innovation differs at different points in the conditional distribution of innovation. The results demonstrate that formal institutions yield a significant positive impact only after exceeding in 50th quantile, whereas social capital do so at lower 10th quantile. Therefore, in addition to a policy focus on improving the formal institutions, countries with a low level of innovation should enrich social capital in their promotion of innovation activity.

Improving the organizational and economic mechanism of development of innovative activity in the agricultural sector of the national economy

In a globalized and competitive global food market development of the agricultural sector of the national economy should be ensured through effective mechanism of innovation activity. The article reveals the development and improvement of organizational and economic mechanism providing innovative agricultural sector of the national economy as the basis for improving its competitiveness; promotion of innovative activities, identifying promising forms and ways of its implementation and funding sources

Innovation processes in a financial intermediation sector in Poland

The promotion of innovation activities in various fields of economics is one of the main goals of modern economic policy of EU countries. The mail goal of this article is a synthetic presentation (n the basis of statistical data) an innovation activity which has been recently undertaken by the financial intermediation sector in Poland.

Promotion of innovation activity in Russia through the creation of science parks: the case of St. Petersburg (1992–1998)

Following the switch to the market economy, government policy envisaged putting R&D onto a commercial footing, so that state funding could be replaced with private funding. The commercialisation of research has, however, not fulfilled expectations due to the dire straits of the Russian economy and to the ingrained tendency to emphasise the high technological level of products without properly investigating the demand for them. The creation of science parks has been one of the few measures adopted in order to favour this transformation, but in the absence of comparative statistics it is hard to judge their contribution to the development of tenant firms. Science parks in St. Petersburg have been rather successful in securing financing for their tenants, but deficient in providing management assistance. The transfer of technology to industry has been weak due to the limited demand for high-tech products. Many firms survive in a embryonic state and this explains why despite the difficulties the number of jobs created has been substantial, although presumably many are low paid. This picture is, however, less applicable to innovation centres because of their policy of accepting mainly firms at a more advanced stage of development.

The Development of Innovation Manpower for a Knowledge-Based Economy: The Singapore Approach

This article explores the Singapore approach to the strategic development of innovation manpower for the achievement of a knowledge-based economy. The country has placed a great emphasis on the development of science and technology in selected areas since the late 1980s. Substantial resources have been allocated to the promotion of innovation activities and the development of research scientists and engineers. However, the shortage of R&D manpower remains an emerging issue. In addition to encouraging local science and engineering graduates to pursue R&D as their life-long career, both public research institutions and private industry have been recruiting international talents. Furthermore, a number of strategic measures such as R&D assistance schemes, the reform of traditional education systems, cross-sector collaborations and the development of international R&D networks have been implemented in order to strengthen the technological core competence of the country.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATION MANPOWER FOR A KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMY: THE SINGAPORE APPROACH

This article explores the Singapore approach to the strategic development of innovation manpower for the achievement of a knowledge-based economy. The country has placed a great emphasis on the development of science and technology in selected areas since the late 1980s. Substantial resources have been allocated to the promotion of innovation activities and the development of research scientists and engineers. However, the shortage of R&D manpower remains an emerging issue. In addition to encouraging local science and engineering graduates to pursue R&D as their life-long career, both public research institutions and private industry have been recruiting international talents. Furthermore, a number of strategic measures such as R&D assistance schemes, the reform of traditional education systems, cross-sector collaborations and the development of international R&D networks have been implemented in order to strengthen the technological core competence of the country.