Promotion Of Electric Vehicles Research Articles

An NMPC-Based Integrated Longitudinal and Lateral Vehicle Stability Control Based on the Double-Layer Torque Distribution.

With the ongoing promotion and adoption of electric vehicles, intelligent and connected technologies have been continuously advancing. Electrical control systems implemented in electric vehicles have emerged as a critical research direction. Various drive-by-wire chassis systems, including drive-by-wire driving and braking systems and steer-by-wire systems, are extensively employed in vehicles. Concurrently, unavoidable issues such as conflicting control system objectives and execution system interference emerge, positioning integrated chassis control as an effective solution to these challenges. This paper proposes a model predictive control-based longitudinal dynamics integrated chassis control system for pure electric commercial vehicles equipped with electro-mechanical brake (EMB) systems, centralized drive, and distributed braking. This system integrates acceleration slip regulation (ASR), a braking force distribution system, an anti-lock braking system (ABS), and a direct yaw moment control system (DYC). This paper first analyzes and models the key components of the vehicle. Then, based on model predictive control (MPC), it develops a controller model for integrated stability with double-layer torque distribution. The required driving and braking torque for each wheel are calculated according to the actual and desired motion states of the vehicle and applied to the corresponding actuators. Finally, the effectiveness of this strategy is verified through simulation results from Matlab/Simulink. The simulation shows that the braking deceleration of the braking condition is increased by 32% on average, and the braking distance is reduced by 15%. The driving condition can enter the smooth driving faster, and the time is reduced by 1.5 s~5 s. The lateral stability parameters are also very much improved compared with the uncontrolled vehicles.

E-Mobility Revolution: Examining the Types, Evolution, Government Policies and Future Perspective of Electric Vehicles

Abstract: Electrification is a suitable method for establishing a transportation system that is both clean and energy-efficient, addressing environmental concerns. The transportation industry widely recognizes electric vehicles as a highly promising green technology that can reduce carbon emissions and energy consumption. Besides, electric vehicles are defined as vehicles that can be externally charged and propelled by an electric motor powered by a battery. Moreover, an electric vehicle consists of two distinct types: firstly, an all-electric vehicle, which relies exclusively on battery power to move an electric motor, and secondly, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of electric vehicles by covering four key aspects: types of electric vehicles, the history of electric vehicles, government policies related to electric vehicles, and future prospects of electric vehicles. This paper first discusses the basic types of electric vehicles. Through a comprehensive analysis of several categories of electric vehicles, their distinct characteristics, and their advantages, research enables individuals to make well-informed decisions when contemplating sustainable transportation alternatives. After that, a brief history of electric vehicles is discussed. Documenting the historical evolution of electric vehicles provides context for understanding the technological advancements, challenges, and milestones achieved in the development of electric vehicles over time. After that, Indian government policies related to electric vehicle promotion are discussed. Consequently, this encompasses various incentives, subsidies, initiatives for infrastructure development, and other policy measures with the objective of fostering the use of electric vehicles. Lastly, future prospects of electric vehicles are discussed.

Light-duty passenger vehicle electrification in China from 2021 to 2050 and associated greenhouse gas emissions: A dynamic fleet perspective

The electric vehicle is seen as a promising technology to decarbonize road transportation. However, the long-term and fleet-scale impacts of the electric vehicle promotion in China are still underexplored. To investigate the mitigation potential of light-duty passenger vehicles electrification, a dynamic fleet-based life cycle assessment framework is constructed to calculate the annual greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in China from 2021 to 2050. It is estimated that the annual fleet GHG emissions will peak at 1.10 ∼ 1.18 Gt between 2028 and 2031, and gradually decrease to 0.53 ∼ 1.04 Gt CO2 eq in 2050. Under the most sustainable pathway (SSP1), the aggressive electrification scenario (SSP1-EV2040) is projected to reduce accumulative life cycle GHG emissions by 5.4Gt CO2 eq (17 % of the accumulative emissions in SSP2-BAU). The regional distribution of GHG emissions and electricity use shows a downward trend from east to west, revealing the necessity of China’s regional-specified strategy..

Promoting the Use of Electric Vehicles on Social Media: The Effects of Message Framing, Point of Reference, and Political Affiliation on Perceived Information Value for Others and Purchase Intentions

This study examined how message framing, reference points, and political affiliation influence audiences’ perceived information value for others and purchase intentions regarding an organization’s promotion of electric vehicles (EVs) on social media. The results from an experiment showed that participants (n = 506) evaluated posts emphasizing benefits for the self of purchasing an EV to have greater information value for the recipients in their network than posts highlighting benefits for the environment. When political affiliation was considered, the effects of framing and reference points were only observed among Democrats. Democrats found self/gain and environment/loss posts to have greater information value for others. No significant effects were found regarding message framing, reference points, or their interactions on purchase intentions.

Future Development Trend and Sustainability Analysis of Electric Vehicles

Technology is the important driving force to improve the society. Due to the Industrial Revolution and World War II, the automobile industry develops rapidly and becoming increasingly popular and safe for daily transportation. However, due to concerns about environmental issues and fuel fossil shortage, the invention and promotion of electric vehicles gradually alleviated these issues. This paper aimed to explore the future development trend for electric vehicles. At the same time, it will analyze the issues and potential solutions for electric vehicles and the possibilities that gasoline vehicles might be replaced by electric vehicles by comparing both advantages and disadvantages of gasoline vehicles and electric vehicles. As the increase of development trend for electric vehicles, the sales volume continues increase. The reason why the sale volume keeps increasing is because of high gas price, governmental policies, and the increase awareness of environmental issues. This paper could help people to understand the reason why electric vehicles are more sustainable than gasoline vehicles.

The two ages of electric vehicle promotion in the United States; a comparative thematic analysis, 1910s-2010s

Purpose There is a lot of talk about the electric car today, but these vehicles are not new. Indeed, thebeginning of the 20th century saw electricity and the automobile take hold in North American society, so that by 1910, the electric car was everywhere. Until the turn of the 1920s, a new era dawned for transportation in the USA, but without the electric car. The purpose of this study is to question Why did it happen. Design/methodology/approach This paper develops such a comparison, not of the cars themselves, through a detailed engineering analysis, but rather of the marketing of electric vehicles in the USA in 1910 and 2010, as it appeared in the marketing strategies of the manufacturers. Findings There are many technical and economic reasons for this, but not only; there are also commercial strategy reasons. The position of manufacturers, especially through advertising and the press, can tell us about this golden age of the electric car, what precipitated its fall, and its reappearance a century later. Originality/value It is a comparison of images, of how electric vehicles had been and are proposed to the public, through the exploration of mainly promotional material and newspaper articles.

Drive-Cycle-Based Configuration Design and Energy Efficiency Analysis of Dual-Motor 4WD System With Two-Speed Transmission for Electric Vehicles

The development of energy-saving technology is important to the promotion of electric vehicles. In the design process of electric vehicles, the drive configuration is generally determined first, and then the energy management strategy is studied. However, this process doesn’t design the drive configuration with higher energy saving potential from the economic perspective of vehicle driving conditions, but directly determines the drive configuration. So, in this paper, the characteristics of the vehicle’s driving conditions are analyzed firstly, and then based on the analysis results, a new dual-motor 4WD EV configuration with higher energy saving potential is proposed, which only has a two-speed transmission in the rear axle. Then the parameters of the proposed driving configuration are calculated to meet the vehicle dynamic or economic needs of various driving conditions. Then an energy management strategy is developed for the judgement of optimal torque distribution of the front and rear axle motors and gear shifting logic. Finally, the comparison simulations are conducted and the results show that, in WLTC, DM-2ST can reduce vehicle energy consumption by 9.13% and 4.84% respectively compared to DM-FTD and DM-OTD. In UDDS, DM-2ST can reduce vehicle energy consumption by 11.04% and 5.77% respectively compared to DM-FTD and DM-OTD.

Grid Integration for Electric Vehicles: A Realistic Strategy for Environmentally Friendly Mobility and Renewable Power

The promotion of electric vehicles (EVs) as sustainable energy sources for transportation is advocated due to global considerations such as energy consumption and environmental challenges. The recent incorporation of renewable energy sources into virtual power plants has greatly enhanced the influence of electric vehicles in the transportation industry. Vehicle grid integration offers a practical and economical method to improve energy sustainability, addressing the requirements of consumers on the user side. The effective utilisation of electric vehicles in stationary applications is highlighted by technological breakthroughs in the energy sector. The continuous advancement in science and industry is confirming the growing efficiency of electric vehicles (EVs) as virtual power plants. Nonetheless, a thorough inquiry is imperative to elucidate the principles, integration, and advancement of virtual power plants in conjunction with electric automobiles, specifically targeting academics and researchers in this field. The examination specifically emphasises the energy generation and storage components used in electric vehicles. In addition, it explores several vehicle–grid integration (VGI) configurations, such as single-stage, two-stage, and hybrid-multi-stage systems. This study also considers the various types of grid connections and the factors related to them. This detailed investigation seeks to offer insights into the various facets of incorporating electric vehicles into virtual power plants. It takes into account technology improvements, energy sustainability, and the practical ramifications for users.

The Examination of different Air Constituents to Ascertain Pune City's Air Quality

The city of Pune experiences poor air quality, leading to research of various air constituents in order to assess the overall quality of the air. Significant pollutants such as PM2.5, PM10 (RSPM), NO2, O3, SO2, and CO are addressed in this analysis, along with their causes and consequences. Exceeding WHO standards, levels of PM2.5 constitute a severe problem; NO2 and O3 levels constitute grounds for concern. In order to mitigate such pollutants and obtain cleaner air in Pune City, the research stresses the necessity for more difficult emission control measures, the promotion of public transportation and electric vehicles, and the supervision of industrial and construction activity. The objective of this research is to evaluate Pune City's air quality and offer insights by thoroughly examining various air quality elements. An extensive tracking strategy is analyzed for three years (2022, 2023, and 2024), considering air quality components like RSPM (PM10), PM-2.5,NO2, O3, etc. Various graphs are analyzed for the above-mentioned years and observe the growth in air quality index for Pune city. In the last three years, data has been collected from government websites on a monthly basis, and various graphs have been plotted by considering their average value. All the graphs show an increase in the air quality index. The study's findings provide valuable new information on the present state of the air quality in Pune City and emphasize the urgent need for effective air quality management measures. To mitigate air pollution, maintain public health, and maintain environmental sustainability, initiatives must concentrate on emissions control, planning for cities, enhancing public transportation, and creating green infrastructure in Pune City.

Life cycle assessment of atmospheric environmental impact on the large-scale promotion of electric vehicles in China

Decarbonizing the transportation sector emerges as a pivotal step in addressing climate change. In recent years, rapid growth in China’s new energy automotive industry has significantly contributed to transportation decarbonization. However, environmental challenges in producing and recycling electric vehicles (EVs) may limit emission reduction benefits. In this study, we establish a comprehensive life cycle assessment model for vehicles to analyze the gap in air pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions between electric vehicles and internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs). Based on this model, the environmental benefits of further promoting electric vehicles in China are evaluated. Results reveal that, compared to ICEVs, EVs reduce life cycle emissions of CO2 by 12%, NOx by 69%, and VOCs by 9%. Primary constraints on EVs in emission reduction are traced to raw material and component production, notably lithium batteries. By 2025, under the low carbon EVs policy scenario, widespread EV production and sales could cut lifecycle emissions by 3.55 million tons of CO2, 3,6289 tons of NOx, and 4315 tons of VOCs. During the driving stage, these indicators contribute 495%, 124%, and 253%, respectively, to total emission reduction throughout the lifecycle. This study conducts a comprehensive lifecycle analysis of greenhouse gases and various air pollutants for Chinese EVs. It integrates the latest market trends, application progress, and policy guidelines into scenario design, identifying key sources and indicators of atmospheric pollution in the EV production chain. The findings offer valuable policy insights into China’s role in the global emission reduction process.

Research on Subsidy Policies to Promote China’s Low-Carbon Development: Taking the Promotion of Electric Vehicles as an Example

The large-scale promotion of electric vehicles is China’s strategic measure to alleviate the energy crisis, deal with climate change and promote green development. Taking 19 large and medium-sized cities in China as samples, this thesis constructs a quantitative model of policy subsidies and a gray correlation model to evaluate the subsidies of the main demand-side policies of electric vehicles and their impact on the demand for electric vehicles. The study found that the subsidy intensity (varies from 34,000 to 129,000 yuan per year) of the “direct” policy is stronger than that of the “indirect” policy (ranges from 5,000-104,000 yuan per year). The subsidy intensity of the “indirect” policy varies greatly among cities. Thanks to the convenience of the use link, the gray correlations between the intensity of the “direct” and “indirect” policies and the promotion of electric vehicles are 0.61 and 0.92, respectively, indicating that the influence of the “indirect” policy on consumer behaviour is greater than that of the “direct” policy significantly. Based on the research conclusions, in order to further expand the electric vehicle market, this thesis intends to put forward relevant policy suggestions.

Mobile Billboards on the Road? The Impact of Electric Ride-Hailing Vehicles on Electric Vehicle Promotion and Air Quality

Mobile Billboards on the Road? The Impact of Electric Ride-Hailing Vehicles on Electric Vehicle Promotion and Air Quality

Energy Efficiency Analysis and Research of Pure Electric Vehicles under Actual Working Conditions

Pure electric vehicles are a hot topic in today’s social development. From beginning to end, the energy density of power batteries in pure electric vehicles is generally low, resulting in short range, inaccurate range estimation, and driver anxiety. This is also one of the reasons that hinder the promotion of pure electric vehicles. This article discusses the energy consumption of pure electric vehicles based on actual road tests. By comparing the battery energy efficiency of various roads (including urban roads, suburban roads, and highways) using electric vehicles from Guangzhou to Qingyuan, the energy consumption patterns of pure electric vehicles are analyzed. Experiments have shown that continuously improving the energy density of power batteries is the key technology to solve the problem of insufficient range for electric vehicles. Based on the existing power battery technology, this study investigates the relationship between energy consumption and various factors affecting electric vehicles, which can provide better reference for drivers to predict energy consumption and range.

Fast-charging anodes for lithium ion batteries: progress and challenges.

Slow charging speed has been a serious constraint to the promotion of electric vehicles (EVs), and therefore the development of advanced lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with fast-charging capability has become an urgent task. Thanks to its low price and excellent overall electrochemical performance, graphite has dominated the anode market for the past 30 years. However, it is difficult to meet the development needs of fast-charging batteries using graphite anodes due to their fast capacity degradation and safety hazards under high-current charging processes. This feature article describes the failure mechanism of graphite anodes under fast charging, and then summarizes the basic principles, current research progress, advanced strategies and challenges of fast-charging anodes represented by graphite, lithium titanate (Li4Ti5O12) and niobium-based oxides. Moreover, we look forward to the development prospects of fast-charging anodes and provide some guidance for future research in the field of fast-charging batteries.

Introduction of Electric Motorcycle Working Systems and Safety Aspects in State High School 7 Denpasar

Many companies in Indonesia are striving to develop electric vehicles. Safety aspects in electric vehicles are of paramount importance. Several challenges need to be addressed before the public transitions from conventional fuel-powered vehicles to electric ones. The promotion of electric vehicles, especially in terms of safety and the operation of electric motorcycles, is essential to enhance public awareness of these vehicles. Providing education to the public about the operation of electric motorcycles and their safety aspects is crucial. Community outreach activities have been carried out at SMAN 7 Denpasar using an outreach method for participants, who are students from the school. Participants will be given materials on the operation of electric motorcycles and their safety aspects, with the hope of increasing their knowledge regarding electric motorcycle operation, safety aspects, fostering an appreciation for electric motorcycle technology development, and reducing accidents caused by user negligence.

Evaluating the Relative Role of Influencer Marketing and Celebrity Endorsements in Promotion of Electric Vehicles

Evaluating the Relative Role of Influencer Marketing and Celebrity Endorsements in Promotion of Electric Vehicles

Efficient estimation of state of charge of lithium-ion batteries

The promotion of electric vehicles can help reduce carbon emissions and mitigate the greenhouse effect. Lithium-ion batteries are one of the main power sources for electric vehicles, whose state of charge is a key parameter of the battery management system to ensure the safe operation of electric vehicles. The complex structure of the battery makes the state of charge unable to be directly measured, so this paper establishes a mathematical model to estimate the state of charge based on four parameters (voltage, current, wavelength and light intensity), aiming to provide a high-precision model for state of charge measurement and establish a mathematical model which can help guide actual production. These four parameters can be measured by voltmeters, ammeters, and optical fibers. In this paper, the least squares method is used to perform global linear regression and global quadratic regression of experimental data, and a data pre-treatment is proposed to improve the behavior of the linear equation system. Also, the ridge regression method is used to achieve an effective solution of the ill-conditioned linear equation system. Then, the piecewise linear regression is introduced to optimize the global regression model, and effectively reduces the regression error by capturing the local features of the data. In order to meet the actual engineering requirements, constraints satisfying segmental continuity are added in the piecewise linear regression model. Finally, the regression results are compared with the results obtained by the Machine Learning method. Besides, the proposed methods outperform the Machine Learning method with a sufficient number of segments. The state of charge estimation model established in this paper has high approximation accuracy, strong interpretability, low operational complexity, and has certain engineering application value.

Will changes in charging and gasoline prices affect electric vehicle sales? Evidence from China.

Electric vehicles and gasoline vehicles are substitutes for each other, and the cost of fuel is an important factor when consumers are faced with choices. Understanding the influence of changes in gasoline prices and charging prices on electric vehicle sales is of reference significance for promoting electric vehicles in the private sector. This paper uses data covering 212 prefecture-level cities from January, 2020, to August, 2022, for analysis, and the results show that different income groups have different sensitivities to the difference in oil and electricity prices. Additionally, changes in gasoline prices and charging prices will significantly affect electric vehicle sales in low-income and middle-income cities, electric vehicle sales in high-income cities will not be affected. Compared with nonpilot cities, residents of pilot cities are more sensitive to fuel price changes, indicating that the policy basis has a certain positive effect on the promotion of electric vehicles. It is recommended to consider the income status of regional residents when formulating policies for the use of electric vehicles. At the same time, publicity efforts should be increased to highlight the gap between the cost of fuel vehicles and electric vehicles.

Optimal configuration of dynamic wireless charging facilities considering electric vehicle battery capacity

Dynamic wireless charging facilities deployed on the road network offer an effective charging method to alleviate the electric vehicle users’ range anxiety and thus facilitate the promotion of electric vehicles. The main benefit of wireless charging is that it extends EV’s driving range by enabling EV en-route recharging, which consequently reduces the required battery size for EVs. Basically, given densely distributed wireless charging lanes on the road network, smaller and less expensive batteries would be able to meet the travel demand. From the societal point of view, the reduction of battery size/capacity is capable of justifying more construction of wireless charging lanes. While previous research works on optimal deployment of wireless charging facilities ignored this benefit, this study aims to explicitly consider the tradeoff between the costs of building recharging infrastructure and manufacturing batteries from the societal point of view in the optimal configuration of dynamic wireless charging facilities. The problem is formulated into a bi-level programming model, wherein the upper-level model seeks to minimize the total social cost, and the lower-level model captures EV drivers’ choices in terms of battery size, travel route, and driving and charging behavior. To handle the problem, we first relax the path cost constraint and apply the linearization techniques to reformulate the problem into a mixed-integer linear programming, from which a lower bound of the problem can be obtained. An efficient surrogate optimization algorithm is then developed to solve the problem.

Electric vehicle charging scheduling based on improved bald eagle algorithm

With the continuous promotion of electric vehicles (EVs), charging fees for EVs has gradually become a hot issue. Pointing at the defects of the bald eagle algorithm, such as slow rate of convergence and poor solving accuracy, the bald eagle search algorithm based on opposition learning and Gaussian variation (GBES) is proposed. The improved bald eagle algorithm has the characteristics of fast convergence speed and strong optimization ability. The model of EV charging cost minimum scheduling is optimized by the GBES, and its effectiveness is verified by simulation experiments.