ObjectivesAdolescence is defined as the transition period from childhood to adulthood. The present study aimed to examine the relationship between health promotion behavior and game addiction in a sample of Turkish adolescents. MethodsThe sample consisted of 340 adolescents aged 10–14 years (50.70 % boys). We collected the data using the ‘Adolescent Health Promotion Scale’ and ‘Adolescent Game Addiction Scale’ (Short Form). ResultsIt was determined that 87.3 % of the adolescents played digital games. Adolescents with chronic diseases and poor health status had higher digital game addiction scale scores (p < 0.05). There is a significant difference between health promotion behaviors of adolescents according to age, mother's education level, income level, health perception, and duration of playing digital games (p < 0.05). There is a significant difference between the mean scores of adolescents' game addiction scale and life appreciation (p < 0.01), health responsibility (rSpearman = −0.290, p < 0.01), exercise (rSpearman = −0.154, p < 0.01), stress management (rSpearman = −0.122, p < 0.01), nutrition sub-dimension (rSpearman = −0.200, p < 0.01) and total mean scores (rSpearman = −0.257, p < 0.01). The results of the regression analysis showed that the adolescent's health promotion behaviors predicted digital game addiction (p < 0.01). In terms of self-esteem in children, only the health responsibility of the adolescents was a significant predictor (p < 0.01). ConclusionKnowing the factors affecting adolescents' health promotion behaviors and game addiction is very important for pediatric nurses to identify risky adolescents and take necessary precautions.