Promising Horizons Research Articles

Prospects of friction stir processed Mg alloys and composites-Reviews and suggestions

The pursuit of advanced materials with enhanced or tailored properties has indeed been a crucial focus in various industries. From aerospace to automotive, and from nuclear power to space exploration, the need for materials that can withstand extreme conditions, offer improved performance, and ensure safety is paramount. Safety standards are vital in industries where materials are subjected to extreme conditions or where failure could have catastrophic consequences. Therefore, research in advanced materials not only focuses on enhancing properties but also ensuring that these materials meet rigorous safety standards. Friction stir processing (FSP) emerges as a transformative methodology, facilitating the achievement of superplasticity, enhanced ductility, heightened strength, toughness, and hardness, all while preserving the structural integrity of the material. In recent years, notable advancements have been witnessed in preparing magnesium (Mg) alloys, Mg composites, and functional Mg materials. This comprehensive review encompasses the latest developments, global significance, adherence to standards, and innovative strides in Mg alloys from 2011 to 2023. It includes the FSP processing techniques, governing mechanism, advantageous properties, grain size, dislocations and their impacts, corrosion, wear behaviour, formability studies, cryogenic FSP, underwater FSP and friction stir additive manufacturing. Readers will gain critical insights, receive constructive suggestions, and discern future directions from this extensive review, as it encapsulates the trajectory of advancements in Mg alloys and delineates promising horizons with potentially transformative impacts in materials science research. Prospects and potential areas would deem help upcoming researchers to pursue with new advanced materials.

Anchor-based multi-view subspace clustering with hierarchical feature descent

Multi-view clustering has attracted growing attention owing to its capabilities of aggregating information from various sources and its promising horizons in public affairs. Up till now, many advanced approaches have been proposed in recent literature. However, there are several ongoing difficulties to be tackled. One common dilemma occurs while attempting to align the features of different views. Moreover, due to the fact that many existing multi-view clustering algorithms stem from spectral clustering, this results to cubic time complexity w.r.t. the number of dataset. However, we propose Anchor-based Multi-view Subspace Clustering with Hierarchical Feature Descent(MVSC-HFD) to tackle the discrepancy among views through hierarchical feature descent and project to a common subspace( STAGE 1), which reveals dependency of different views. We further reduce the computational complexity to linear time cost through a unified sampling strategy in the common subspace( STAGE 2), followed by anchor-based subspace clustering to learn the bipartite graph collectively( STAGE 3). Extensive experimental results on public benchmark datasets demonstrate that our proposed model consistently outperforms the state-of-the-art techniques. Our code is publicly available at https://github.com/QiyuanOu/MVSC-HFD/tree/main.

Promising horizons in achondroplasia along with the development of new drugs.

Achondroplasia (ACH) is a representative skeletal disorder characterized by rhizomelic shortened limbs and short stature. ACH is classified as belonging to the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) group. The downstream signal transduction of FGFR3 consists of STAT1 and RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathways. The mutant FGFR3 found in ACH is continuously phosphorylated and activates downstream signals, resulting in abnormal proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes in the growth plate and cranial base synchondrosis. A patient registry has been developed and has contributed to revealing the natural history of ACH patients. Concerning the short stature, the adult height of ACH patients ranges between 126.7-135.2 cm for men and 119.9-125.5 cm for women in many countries. Along with severe short stature, foramen magnum stenosis and spinal canal stenosis are major complications: the former leads to sleep apnea, breathing disorders, myelopathy, hydrocephalus, and sudden death, and the latter causes pain in the extremities, numbness, muscle weakness, movement disorders, intermittent claudication, and bladder-rectal disorders. Growth hormone treatment is available for ACH only in Japan. However, the effect of the treatment on adult height is not satisfactory. Recently, the neutral endopeptidase-resistant CNP analogue vosoritide has been approved as a new drug for ACH. Additionally in development are a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, a soluble FGFR3, an antibody against FGFR3, meclizine, and the FGF2-aptamer. New drugs will bring a brighter future for patients with ACH.

An increase in hydrocarbon reserves of Andylakhskoye gas condensate field (Yakutia) taking into account the specifics of its geological structure

As a result of the research; a conclusion was made about the high prospects for the growth of gas reserves of Andylakhskoye gas condensate field- located within the Loglor swell of the Vilyui syneclise of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). An increase in reserves is expected; both due to previously discovered deposits and new; more promising horizons located in the Permian deposits.It is proposed to set up seismic surveys using the 2D common depth point method within the field and the adjacent; most promising areas to increase investment attractiveness; the rational use of natural resources; and increasing gas reserves of Andylakhskoe gas condensate field. According to the results of the studies carried out in this article; the prospects for the growth of hydrocarbon reserves of Andylakhskoe gas condensate field are estimated by over 10 times of the amount.

A Review of the Synthesis and Biological Activity of Flavonoid Mannich Base Derivatives

AbstractOver the past twenty years (1998–2023), extensive research has focused on the synthesis and biological activity of Mannich base derivatives of flavonoids (FMBD), which have demonstrated exceptional properties towards organic and bioorganic molecules. Several research groups have reported the pharmacological potential of these flavonoid derivatives, including antioxidant and antiviral activities, as well as their ability to inhibit AChE and exhibit anticancer properties. Moreover, the unique characteristic of forming stable complexes with biomolecules positions flavonoid derivatives as valuable assets in the realm of biology and drug discovery. In this extensive review, we′ve meticulously analyzed over seventy six distinct research studies on this subject. Our aim is to provide a succinct overview of the wide‐ranging applications of flavonoid derivatives coupled with amines. Furthermore, we explore the promising horizons and potential innovations in this field. It's essential to highlight that these derivatives display no discernible signs of toxicity or eliciting immune responses, making them even more attractive for biopharmaceutical applications. Undoubtedly, the utilization of flavonoid derivatives combined with amines as crucial biopharmaceutical agents is poised for significant expansion in the forthcoming years.

Comparing the CO2 emissions of three type of Vehicles

In the quest for sustainable transportation, this research delves deep into the lifecycle CO2 emissions of Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles (ICEVs), Electric Vehicles (EVs), and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs), unveiling surprising intricacies. While ICEVs maintain a predictable emission pattern, the story for EVs and PHEVs is far more captivating, with emissions dancing to the rhythm of regional energy mixes, grid demands, and charging nuances. This study not only deciphers the complexities of vehicular emissions but also paints a vivid picture of the transformative potential of cleaner energy grids. As the narrative of EVs and PHEVs unfolds, the research spotlights the pivotal role they could play in sculpting a greener transportation future. Beyond mere data, this exploration beckons readers into a compelling journey from the heart of our current transportation landscape to the promising horizons of sustainable mobility. Dive in to discover the challenges, opportunities, and innovations that could redefine our relationship with the road.

Evaluating the Efficacy of ChatGPT in Navigating the Spanish Medical Residency Entrance Examination (MIR): Promising Horizons for AI in Clinical Medicine.

We studied the 2022 Spanish MIR examination results after excluding those questions requiring image evaluations or having acknowledged errors. The remaining 182 questions were presented to the LLM GPT-4 and GPT-3.5 in Spanish and English. Logistic regression models analyzed the relationships between question length, sequence, and performance. We also analyzed the 23 questions with images, using GPT-4's new image analysis capability. GPT-4 outperformed GPT-3.5, scoring 86.81% in Spanish (p < 0.001). English translations had a slightly enhanced performance. GPT-4 scored 26.1% of the questions with images in English. The results were worse when the questions were in Spanish, 13.0%, although the differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.250). Among medical specialties, GPT-4 achieved a 100% correct response rate in several areas, and the Pharmacology, Critical Care, and Infectious Diseases specialties showed lower performance. The error analysis revealed that while a 13.2% error rate existed, the gravest categories, such as "error requiring intervention to sustain life" and "error resulting in death", had a 0% rate. GPT-4 performs robustly on the Spanish MIR examination, with varying capabilities to discriminate knowledge across specialties. While the model's high success rate is commendable, understanding the error severity is critical, especially when considering AI's potential role in real-world medical practice and its implications for patient safety.

Сomparative analysis of oils from carbonate sediments of Upper Usolskaya subformation and ediacarian-cambrian productive horizons in central part of Nepsko-Botuobinskaya anteclise

The focus in study of the central part of Nepsko-Botuobinskaya anteclise is concentrated on the subsalt oil and gas bearing horizons of group B (Osinsky, Upper Ust-Kutsky, Lower Ust-Kutsky, Preobrazhensky horizons) and V (terrigenous formations of Vendian age). However, higher, in the Lower-Middle Cambrian carbonate-halogen deposits, there are also promising horizons of group A (Kelorsky, Atovsky, Khristoforovsky, Balykhtinsky), oil and gas presence of a sufficient amount of the Angara-Lena stage, the northern part of the Nepsko-Botuobinskaya anteclise and adjacent structures. The paper examines the results of geochemical studies of oil samples from the Osinsky horizon (layer B1) and the nameless dolomite layer located between the salts in the lower part of the Upper Usolskaya subformation, previously considered gas-bearing at best. The conducted studies by the method of chromatography-mass spectrometry and comparison of the geochemical parameters of oils from different reservoirs show the similarity of hydrocarbon fluids of the Upper Usolskaya subformation and lower productive horizons, which makes it possible to attribute them to a single oil and gas bearing system.

Intracranial Aneurysms and Genetics: An Extensive Overview of Genomic Variations, Underlying Molecular Dynamics, Inflammatory Indicators, and Forward-Looking Insights.

This review initiates by outlining the clinical relevance of IA, underlining the pressing need to comprehend its foundational elements. We delve into the assorted risk factors tied to IA, spotlighting both environmental and genetic influences. Additionally, we illuminate distinct genetic syndromes linked to a pronounced prevalence of intracranial aneurysms, underscoring the pivotal nature of genetics in this ailment's susceptibility. A detailed scrutiny of genome-wide association studies allows us to identify key genomic changes and locations associated with IA risk. We further detail the molecular and physiopathological dynamics instrumental in IA's evolution and escalation, with a focus on inflammation's role in affecting the vascular landscape. Wrapping up, we offer a glimpse into upcoming research directions and the promising horizons of personalized therapeutic strategies in IA intervention, emphasizing the central role of genetic insights. This thorough review solidifies genetics' cardinal role in IA, positioning it as a cornerstone resource for professionals in the realms of neurology and genomics.

Electrophysiological findings during re-do procedures after single-shot pulmonary vein isolation for atrial fibrillation with pulsed field ablation

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background Pulsed field ablation (PFA) is a novel non-thermal ablation modality which applies electroporation to destabilize the cell membranes, leading to selective ablation of the atrial myocardium whilst sparing surrounding tissues and structures. It’s discriminating nature and potential for minimal adnexal injury opens new, promising horizons into catheter ablation of AF. However, one of the major issues to address is long-term results of the technique. Purpose To investigate the electrophysiological findings and type of arrhythmias during redo-ablation in 15 patients who underwent pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) for atrial fibrillation (AF) using single-shot PFA. Methods We investigated patients who underwent redo-ablation due to occurrence of AF/ atrial flutter (AFL) or tachycardia (AT) following initial PVI with PFA. We report the electrophysiological findings and ablation strategy during redo-ablation. Results Out of 447 patients undergoing index PVI with PFA, 15 patients (age: 61.8±10.4 years; 8 (53%) males; left atrial volume index (n=10): 39.4±14.6 mL/m2) were referred for redo-ablation after index PFA. Indication for the index ablation was paroxysmal-AF in 8 patients, persistent-AF in 6 and long-standing-persistent-AF in one patient. Mean time-to-recurrence was 5.0±1.8months. Three patients received additional posterior-wall-isolation during index PFA. Thirteen (85%) patients suffered AF recurrence and 5/13 had concomitant AFL. In the remaining 2 patients, one had a recurrence of (box-dependent) AFL, and one had AT. No patients had all PVs reconnected. Reconnection in zero, one, two or three PVs was found in 33%, 20%, 20%, and 27% of patients, respectively. All 7 patients with zero or one reconnection with AF recurrence received additional/repeat posterior-wall-isolation during re-ablation, while in the others PVs were re-isolated. In 1/3 patients who had posterior-wall ablation during index PFA, durable isolation of the posterior wall was confirmed during re-do procedure. Patients with only AFL/AT had no reconnection of PVs, and the substrate was successfully ablated. Conclusion We observed durable PVI in 62% of the PVs in patients with AF/AFL recurrence after PFA PVI. In one-third of patients all PVs were isolated. The predominant recurrent arrhythmia following PVI-only was AF. Concomitant (33%) or isolated (14%) AFL/AT recurrence was observed in 47% of patients.

The Intersection of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data in Drug Discovery: A Review of Current Trends and Future Implications

The pharmaceutical landscape has been continually evolving, adapting to the myriad technological advancements of the 21st century. Among these innovations, artificial intelligence (AI) and big data have emerged as transformative tools, altering the trajectory of drug discovery processes. This review elucidates the symbiotic relationship between AI and big data in modern drug discovery, highlighting the profound enhancements in efficiency, precision, and innovation. Drawing from current research trends, we delve into the potent capabilities of AI-powered algorithms to process, analyze, and glean insights from massive, multifaceted datasets. Furthermore, we explore the tangible impacts on drug repurposing, predictive modeling, molecular simulation, and clinical trials. Yet, this merger is not devoid of challenges. The review also critically examines inherent obstacles such as data integrity, the interpretability of AI models, and the evolving regulatory frameworks. As we gaze into the future of drug discovery, this intersection of AI and big data offers promising horizons, with implications not only for faster, more precise drug development but also for personalized, efficient patient care. This article aims to provide a comprehensive perspective on the current landscape while forecasting the transformative potential in the upcoming decades.

NEW DATA ON PROMISING OIL AND GAS OBJECTS OF THE YAMNA SUITE OF THE PALEOCENE IN THE SOUTH-EASTERN PART OF THE SKІBA AND KROSNO COVERS OF THE UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS

Thick sandstones of the Yamna suite are widespread throughout the Skіba cover, as well as in the south-eastern part of the Krosno cover. The research area is bounded by the Limnytsia River in the northwest and the Ukrainian-Romanian border in the southeast. Several promising structures comprising the Yamna sandstones (Brusturanska, Yanovetska, and Voronenkivska) are identified in this area. Among them, according to the number of positive indicators of oil and gas potential, the Voronenkivska structure (Nadvirna district of Ivano-Frankivsk region, near the settlements of Voronenka, Yablunytsya, Polyanytsya) is the most promising, localized in the Zelemyanka slice. The structure is divided by faults into four tectonic blocks and stretches for 8 km. Under the Oligocene rocks, crumpled into the anticlinal fold of the north-western extension, Paleocene-Eocene deposits are inferred according to the geological models, which contain thick sand strata of the Vyhoda (Middle Eocene) and Yamna suites of the total thickness over 300 m. Oil manifestations are documented in the Oligocene deposits on the surface. Potentially promising horizons may be in the depths range 1500-1800 m. The article extends the previous work devoted to the assessment of the oil and gas prospects of the Yamna suite of the Paleocene of the north-western part of the Skуba cover of the Ukrainian Carpathians. 4.2 million tons of oil were recovered from the Yamna sandstones of the Paleocene, which are characterized by good reservoir properties, in the fields localized in the north-western part of the Skiba cover. The Yamna sandstones in this sector of the Carpathians are also common in the Krosno cover. The uneven distribution of industrial oil potential between these two parts of the Carpathians is explained by lithological changes or the influence of structural and geochemical factors. A study of stratigraphy and reservoir properties of the Yamna sandstones, common in the deposits of the Skіba and Krosno covers, suggests that they comprise satisfactory reservoirs for hydrocarbons. Promising areas and structures have been identified and described.

Laser-induced topological spin switching in a 2D van der Waals magnet

Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) magnets represent one of the most promising horizons for energy-efficient spintronic applications because their broad range of electronic, magnetic and topological properties. However, little is known about the interplay between light and spin properties in vdW layers. Here we show that ultrafast laser excitation can not only generate different type of spin textures in CrGeTe3 vdW magnets but also induce a reversible transformation between them in a topological toggle switch mechanism. Our atomistic spin dynamics simulations and wide-field Kerr microscopy measurements show that different textures can be generated via high-intense laser pulses within the picosecond regime. The phase transformation between the different topological spin textures is obtained as additional laser pulses are applied to the system where the polarisation and final state of the spins can be controlled by external magnetic fields. Our results indicate laser-driven spin textures on 2D magnets as a pathway towards reconfigurable topological architectures at the atomistic level.

Перспективи відкриття на невеликих глибинах газових родовищ у східній частині Дніпровсько-Донецької западини України

The object of research was the Ustynivka area, which is located in the north-eastern part of the Dnipro-Donets basin on the border between the northern board and axial part of the region. The geological structure of the area is illuminated from positions of gravitational tectogenesis. Two echelons of brachianticlinal uplifts, genetically related to the Krasnoritsk and Muratove-Tuba discharges, have been identified in the Carboniferous deposits. They were formed in nonconsolidated strata under conditions of stretching and rapid lowering of the Dnipro-Donets graben. Seismic surveys have revealed seven anticlines. Their feature is the orientation of structures along arcuate tectonic faults, asymmetry and displacement of anticlines with a depth to the southwest. According to the geomorphological features of the river valley of the Siverskyi Donets, a new uplift is predicted in the lowered block of the Tuba fault. In the Voronove anticline, three gas deposits have been established in the Bashkirian stratum. Nearby are Borivske, Muratove, Yevgeniivka, Krasnopopivka and other gas-condensate fields. Therefore, the gravigenic structures of the Ustynivka area are promising for the discovery of new deposits. Promising horizons of the Bashkirian stratum are at shallow depths: from 2 to 2.5 km. Our estimated gas reserves and resources of the Ustynivka area are 262 and 2100 million m3, respectively. Recommendations are given to clarify the form of gravigenic tectonic faults and related anticlines. The tasks for detailed seismic surveys and drilling are defined. The location of exploration and prospecting boreholes is proposed. Considering the displacement of the vaults of gravigenic structures with depth, to open the productive stratum in the apical parts of the uplifts, we recommend drilling inclined boreholes in the southwestern direction. Tasks for industrial development of deposits of Voronove structure are defined.

Chemical composition of Artemesia herba-alba essential oil and its larvicidal and pupicidal effects against Culex pipiens (Diptera; Culicidae)

Artemisia herba-alba Asso (A. herba-alba) (Asteraceae) is widely used in herbal medicine as it is a mine of natural molecules such as davanone, which is an interesting product on the international market. The present research proposes a method for controlling the late larval (L4) and pupal stages of Culex pipiens based on the essential oil of A. herba-alba. The aerial part of this plant was extracted by hydrodistillation and then analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (CPG/SM) to determine its chemical composition. Three concentrations (1, 5 and 10 μl/ml) were prepared and directly tested on larvae (L4) and pupae under laboratory conditions to measure LC50, LC90, LT50, and LT90 values. The yield obtained in this study was 1.5%. Further, the analysis showed that the oil of A. herba-alba is a davanone chemotype that consists mainly of davanone (48.8%). The efficiency of this essential oil for toxicological parameters (LC50 and LC90) were 3.278 μl/ml and 7.573 μl/ml for larvae, and 1.213 μl/ml and 2.288 μl/ml for pupae. This study indicates that the essential oil of A. herba-alba has toxic properties for Cx. pipiens larvae and pupae. These results are encouraging and open up exciting and promising horizons for its application in the production of bioinsecticides.

Stabilization of Octahedral Metal Halide Clusters by Host-Guest Complexation with γ-Cyclodextrin: Toward Nontoxic Luminescent Compounds.

γ-Cyclodextrin (γ-CD) interacts in aqueous solution with octahedral halide clusters Na2[{M6X8}Cl6] (M = Mo, W; X = Br, I) to form robust inclusion supramolecular complexes [{M6X8}Cl6@2γ-CD]2-. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses revealed two conformational organizations within the adduct depending on the nature of the inner halide X within the {M6X8} core. Using 35Cl NMR and UV-vis as complementary techniques, the kinetics of the hydrolysis process were shown to increase with the following order: {W6I8} < {W6Br8} ≈ {Mo6I8} < {Mo6Br8}. The complexation with γ-CD drastically enhances the hydrolytic stability of luminescent [{M6X8}Cl6]2- cluster-based units, which was quantitatively proved by the same techniques. The resulting host-guest complexation provides a protective shell against contact with water and offers promising horizons for octahedral clusters in biology as revealed by the low dark cytotoxicity and cellular uptake.

Experimental evaluation of using pyrolyzed carbon black derived from waste tires as additive towards sustainable concrete

Waste tires (WTs) are one of the most critical environmental problems worldwide. Since the WTs cannot be landfilled or burned, innovative solutions and proper solid waste management are needed. Therefore, several methods have been proposed for WTs treatment. Among these methods, the pyrolysis process is considered the most favorable. Pyrolysis is a process of converting WTs in absence of oxygen into pyrogas, fuel oil, and a by-product, which is pyrolyzed carbon black (PCB). To introduce the idea of eco-friendly and sustainable concrete, it is proposed to use PCB as an additive in concrete structures. In this experimental investigation, PCB samples are obtained from a local pyrolyzed WTs plant. Several concrete properties are investigated considering different mixes of different weight percentage ratios of PCB to cement (PCB/c); 0% (control sample), 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5%, 7%, and 10%. Typically, fixed amounts of cement, water, sand, aggregate, and superplasticizer are prepared following international preparation standards, and then, mixed with the aforementioned PCB/c ratios. Afterward, an array of mechanical tests are performed investigating properties enhancements. These tests are slump, compressive strength, and abrasion resistance, along with water absorption. Results show a noticeable increase in the compressive strength for tested samples of 29.3 and 38.4 MPa were obtained at a ratio of 4% for 7 and 28 days, respectively. This is combined with a slight reduction of slump results; however; slump values are still within standard limits for most of the mixes. In addition, abrasion resistance results suggest a vital improvement in the PCB/c mixes. Also, water absorption measurements reflect enhancement of concrete mixes up to a specific percentage of PCB. Amongst tested PCB/c ratios, the study highlights the optimal value to be between 3% and 5%. In addition, a multi-level framework on the impact of institutional pressures on the adoption of PCB as an additive to cement has been addressed to rationalize and raise awareness towards the applicability of such a feasible approach. Thus, the overall results reflect the promising horizons of using PCB as an improving additive material in concrete mixes.

Реструктивно-ассоциативный метод и современный плюрилингвизм

The article deals with the problem of choosing innovative methods of teaching foreign languages in higher education. One of them recognizes the reconstructive-associative method as the most relevant in the conditions of modern globalization, characterized by a variety of cultures and a variety of languages, i.e. plurilingualism. The method is based on the concept of a bridge language, a connecting language or an intermediary language, proposed by the European Understanding program. This approach involves the use of English or French when teaching a number of Germanic/Romance languages. At the level of teaching foreign languages in Russian universities, the concept of a bridge language is promising when developing training programs for a bilingual audience. At the same time, it is transformed into the concept of the reference language, which in our country is usually Russian. It is recognized that the supporting language does not have to be native. Its role can be the first foreign language, for example, English when teaching a second foreign language (French) language. The proposed innovative approach opens up promising horizons of both educational and didactic and methodological plans for innovative teachers who are able to respond to the challenges of the modern world with their creativity and high language competence.

THE EFFICACY OF A COMBINED IPL PROTOCOL AND A HYALURONIC ACID DRUG WITH MANNITOL FOR THE TREATMENT OF HYPERPIGMENTATION

Relevance: Today the world of therapeutic cosmetology is filled with a diverse range of methods, both laser and injection. They are aimed at the correction of various aesthetic problems. The most common complaint of a patient at a doctor-cosmetologist appointment is the presence of areas of hyperpigmentation in the facial area. In order to achieve a satisfactory result, the therapy of this pathology should be based on knowledge of the pathogenesis. In addition, it is necessary to take into account the possibility of side effects after laser treatment, which is the most frequent method chosen by doctors. Also, it is worth minimizing the risk of hyperpigmentation by improving the metabolic function of tissues. That is why the combined protocols open up the most promising horizons for the treatment of such difficult-to-correct pathology as hyperpigmentation. The aim of our study was to create an evidence base for the effectiveness of a combined treatment protocol using an IPL system in combination with a drug based on hyaluronic acid and mannitol. Materials and methods: The study involved female patients aged 18 to 45 years with a diagnosis of melasma Code L81.1; Other melanin hyperpigmentation L81.4. The study included patients who had not previously undergone laser and injection procedures in order to correct hyperpigmentation over the past 5-6 months. To evaluate the results, Antera 3D 3B visualizer in the “melanin” mode was used, as well as a laser Doppler flowmetry device Lazma-D. Results: A positive clinical result on the Antera 3D imager was observed in all study groups. It was statistically revealed that the variable Anadn did not differ between the control and experimental groups F (1.30) = 4.031, p = 0.050, ns), as well as before and after treatment (F (1.30) = 0.825, p = 0.368, ns ); the variable Afad did not differ between the control and experimental groups (F (1.30) = 2.483, p = 0.121, ns), as well as before and after treatment (F (1.30) = 3.142, p = 0.082, ns); the variable Mpm increased (p = 0.002) in the experimental group F (1.30) = 5.366, p = 0.024) after the exposure (F (1.30) = 4.718, p = 0.034); the Mpl variable did not differ between the control and experimental groups (F (1.30) = 0.61, p = 0.436, ns), as well as before and after treatment (F (1.30) = 0.028, p = 0.868, ns); The POM variable increased (p = 0.003) in the experimental group F (1.30) = 7.778, p = 0.007) after the treatment (F (1.30) = 8.541, p = 0.005). Conclusions: A significant improvement in the index of oxidative metabolism in tissues suggests that the combined protocol of hyperpigmentation therapy is the most effective and safe. In addition, such therapy allows physiological skin support during IPL therapy in combination with a preparation based on hyaluronic acid and mannitol.

Experimental study of seismic action influence on gas permeability of coal and hydraulic fractures

Mine field development of coal deposits is currently associated with work at depths exceeding 400m. Under these conditions the gas content of promising horizons is one of the main factors constraining the pace of development. An integral part of gas-bearing coals’ extraction is their preliminary degassing. The methane recovery ratio affects the efficiency and safety of longwall work. Degassing is intensified in order to achieve the required values of methane content in coal seams. A well-known method employed to intensify filtration processes in fluid-saturated rocks is the elastic vibrations’ treatment. The laboratory tests and field work show the positive effect of elastic vibrations on the intensification of methane desorption from coal. Modern works in this field are devoted to investigation of connections between the parameters of vibration action and the degree of increase in the methane desorption. This paper provides the results of a series of experimental studies on seismic action’s effect on the permeability of coal and hydraulic fractures. The research has been carried out on a custom designed laboratory bench. The design of the stand provides the effect of elastic vibrations of small amplitude with independent regulation of the average and differential gas pressures, axial and lateral compression of the sample. The experiments have been carried out using solid coal cores, cores with single through longitudinal cracks simulating drainage hydraulic fractures and cores with the single fractures propped with a low-density proppant designed to intensify the degassing of coal seams. The patterns of the seismic impact on the gas permeability of coal under the conditions of all-round compression have been established in accordance with the results of experiments. Also, the experimental results reveal certain patterns of increase of the drainage cracks’ gas permeability observed when the cracks are propped with proppant and are under the low intensity seismic effect under the conditions of all-round compression. The studies show that the effectiveness of seismic action increases with an increase in the accumulated exposure time, followed by stabilization and persistence of the positive effect for at least 3 - 7 days after the cessation of exposure. The obtained results provide the opportunity to assess the possibility of using seismic action to intensify the degassing of non-propped hydraulic fractures in coal mines.