Proliferative Activity Of Epithelial Cells Research Articles

Epithelial cell proliferation index in patients with atrophic gastritis depending on the presence of complete or incomplete intestinal metaplasia in the gastric antrum

Introduction. There is a debate about the significance of intestinal metaplasia (IM) subtypes for the development of gastric cancer. Therefore, determining the indicators of cellular renewal in individuals with complete and incomplete IM is certainly a topical issue.Aim. To study the proliferative activity of epithelial cells of the gastric antrum in patients with Helicobacter pylori-positive antral atrophic gastritis depending on the subtype of IM.Materials and methods. The study included 20 people with chronic antral non-atrophic gastritis (CNG; group A), 20 patients with chronic antral atrophic gastritis (CAG) without IM (group B), 20 patients with CAG with complete IM (group C) and 20 people with CAG with incomplete IM (group D). The stage of chronic gastritis was assessed by the morphological method in accordance with the modified Sydney classification. Typing of IM foci in the gastric mucosa was performed using the PAS reaction. Proliferation activity was studied by the expression of nuclear protein Ki67 using immunohistochemistry.Results. The proliferation index in the foci of complete BM in group C was 5%, and in group D in the foci of incomplete BM the Ki67 expression index was significantly higher and was 39% (p < 0.001). Outside the foci of metaplasia, the proliferation index was 23.5% in group C and 19% in group D (p = 0.06).Conclusion. We have registered significantly higher proliferation indicators of gastric epithelial cells in foci with incomplete IM compared to foci with complete IM. Determination of proliferation indicators in foci of incomplete intestinal metaplasia may be a marker of an increased risk of developing gastric cancer.

Comparison of Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) Expression among Nasal Polyp and Chronic Rhinosinusitis

Background and objectiveChronic rhinosinusitis is a common inflammatory disorder in sinonasal mucosa that could be developed with or without nasal polyps. Cellular proliferation is suggested as a possible mechanism of nasal polyp development. However, conducted studies in this context are limited. So, the present study's aim is the comparison of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression in nasal polyps and chronic rhinosinusitis. Materials and methodsIn this cross-sectional study, 70 nasal polyp and 60 chronic rhinosinusitis samples from patients referred to Mostafa Khomeini Hospital, Tehran from 2017 to 2022 were immunohistochemically stained by PCNA marker. The percentage of PCNA nuclear expression was determined in two groups and its association with the type of pathological lesion and the patient's age and sex was analyzed by SPSS statistic software version 24 statistical software (IBM Statistics, USA). ResultsThe mean percentage expression of PCNA in nasal polyp and chronic rhinosinusitis samples was 16.55 ± 13.66 and 17.58 ± 12.68 respectively (ranging from 0 to 57 in both groups) however, there was no significant statistical difference between the two groups (p = 0.479). No relationship was found between PCNA expression with age and sex in none of the chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyp groups. ConclusionProliferative activity of the nasal epithelial cell is similar in chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps and it is considered that the increase of epithelial cell proliferative activity probably has no role in nasal polyp development in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.

Precancers of the oral mucosa: clinic, diagnostics

The aim of the study. Improving the efficiency of diagnosis and detailing the features of the clinic of «potentially malignant» diseases of the oral mucosa. Clinical and laboratory examination of 124 patients of the department of oral mucosa diseases aged 35 to 80 years, among whom there were 75 women and 49 men, with diseases such as erythroplakia - 12 patients, verrucous leukoplakia - 52 patients, erosive form of leukoplakia - 35 patients, cheilitis Manganotti - 25 patients. Histological and immunohistochemical methods of investigation were used as diagnostics. To assess the proliferative activity of epithelial cells, the determination of the Ki-67 index was used. The synthesis of keratin 15 (K15) in epithelial layers was determined as a diagnostic criterion for the severity of neoplasia. The expression of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV 16) antigens and p16INK4a protein in epithelial cells was studied, as well as the expression of p53 protein. A high prevalence of p53 mutations was observed in patients with erythroplakia. In leukoplakia, the expression of the Ki-67 protein was detected in the cell nuclei in both the basal and parabasal layers of the multilayer squamous epithelium, in 77% of cases, the expression of the p16INK4a protein in the epithelial nuclei with varying degrees of dysplastic changes was noted, and a positive reaction to HPV16 was also observed in the cell nuclei and cytoplasm of epithelial cells in the basal, parabasal and spiny epithelial layers. The appearance of K15 in the cytoplasm of cells above the basal layer with abrasive precancerous cheilitis was found in 48% of cases. To diagnose early manifestations of neoplastic processes in «potentially malignant» diseases of the oral mucosa, it is necessary to use both classical histological and immunohistochemical methods of investigation with various markers.

Evaluation of the Cytological Changes of the Oral Mucosa Among Smokers in Al Madinah Al Munawara Using Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organizer Region (AgNOR) Counts and Papanicolaus Stain.

Objective To evaluate the cytological changes of the oral mucosa among smokers using Argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) counts and Papanicolaou (Pap) staining. Methodology The oral mucosal exfoliate smears of 500 individuals (200 nonsmokers and 300 smokers) aged between 18 and 80 years were prepared in Al Madinah. TheAgNOR count and Pap stain were used to generate a cytogenic smear to assess the presence of cytological changes suggestive of atypia, inflammation, dysplasia, keratinization, and proliferative activity of epithelial cells. Results Smokers have a considerably higher number of AgNORs per nucleus than nonsmokers (1.99 3.53 vs. 0.42 1.22). There were inflammatory changes in 127 (42.3%) of the cases and 40 (20%) of the controls. Multinucleated cells and atypia were found in 33 (11%) and 14 (4.5%) of the casesbut not in the controls. The results indicate higher proliferative activity in smoking patients compared to nonsmoking patients, even in the absence of clinical lesions. Conclusion To detect the effects of smoking on the oral mucosa, Pap staining alone is insufficient. Combining Pap staining with the AgNOR technique produces the desired results.

Молекулярно-генетические критерии малигнизации эпителия слизистой оболочки рта

Introduction. When examining the oral mucosa (OM) in the presence of an inflammatory process, the initial signs of malignancy are not always visible. Amid an inflammatory infiltrate, benign changes such as epithelial hyperplasia (EH), epithelial dysplasia (ED) of varying severity, and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) can be hidden. The aim of the paper was to study the proliferative activity of epithelial cells of the OM, TERT expression, and amplification of telomerase TERC gene in the development of epithelial hyperplasia, dysplasia, and SCC. Materials and methods. We divided 60 patients into four groups: Group 1 with EH (n=16, 26.6%); Group 2 with low-grade epithelial dysplasia (LGED) [n=16, 26.6%]; Group 3 with high-grade epithelial dysplasia (HGED) [n=13, 21.6%]; and Group 4 with SCC (n=15, 25%). IHC and histological studies were carried out using standard methods; expression to Ki-67 protein and telomerase activity were evaluated. The FISH method was used with LSP TERC and CCP3 DNA probes. Results. High-cell proliferation and telomerase activity were revealed by IHC study in all groups. Amplification of TERC RNA site in chromosome 3 by FISH in Group 1 was almost absent and showed a 2:2 signal ratio in 1.3% of cases; in other groups, the amplification of TERC gene was positive: in groups 2, 3, and 4 it was in 83.9%, 97.3%, and 89.8% of cases, respectively. Conclusion. Amplification of TERC site signals in chromosome 3 is detected during malignization which may be the main criterion for early diagnosis of malignization of OM epithelium. Keywords: squamous cell carcinoma, epithelial dysplasia, TERC amplification, telomerase

The role of autonomic nervous system imbalance in the pathogenesis of hyperplastic laryngitis

A decrease in the mediator activity of nerve structures in organ tissues leads to the development of neurodystrophic changes and an increase in their sensitivity to certain influences. In these planets, it is important to assess the morphological characteristics of target structures, taking into account the neurodystrophic component of the disease. The aim of the study was to determine the activity of the peripheral adrenergic link of the trophic reflex and assessing the morphological features of the mucous membrane of the vocal folds in chronic hypertrophic laryngitis in patients with neurovegetative disorders. Materials and methods: the study involved 45 patients (37 men and 8 women) aged 23 to 72 years with a diagnosis of chronic hypertrophic laryngitis. An objective study of the upper respiratory tract, a cytological study of reprinted smears from the affected areas of the larynx, a study of the functional state of the ANS, as well as a histological and histochemical study of the removed tissue were carried out. Results. The examined patients were found to have dysfunction of the ANS in the form of insufficient or excessive autonomic support of activity. Morphological signs of keratinization of the epithelium of the mucous membrane of the vocal folds and its active proliferation, as well as dystrophic and atypical changes in cellular elements revealed as a sign of insufficient, tact and a sign of excessive vegetative support of activity. It was found that with insufficient vegetative support of activity, the proliferative activity of epithelial cells is more pronounced than that of a chemer with excess. The same applies to keratosis with atypia and dystrophic changes in the epithelium. Conclusions. The activity of the interstitial adrenergic nerve structures of the mucous membrane of the vocal folds correlates with the characteristics of autonomic activity. The weakening of the processes of synthesis, accumulation and excretion of neurotransmitter is associated with insufficient vegetative support of activity, and their strengthening is associated with excessive. The amount of neurotransmitter in peripheral nerve fibers and endings depends on the nature and intensity of manifestations of neurogenic dystrophies developing in executive tissues – targets of adrenergic innervation.

Orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst (OOC): Clinicopathological and radiological features of a series of 48 cases

ObjectivesTo demonstrate the clinicopathological and radiological features of orthokeratinized odontogenic cysts (OOCs), and analyze the epithelial cell proliferative activity between OOCs and odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs). Materials and methodsClinicopathological and radiological analyses were performed in all OOC cases. The expression of cell proliferation markers, Ki-67 and cyclin D1, was detected by immunohistochemistry. ResultsA total of 48 OOC patients, 28 males and 20 females, were included. The mean age was 33.50 years, with a range of 13–61 years. The mandible was affected five times as frequently as the maxilla (mandible 40, maxilla 8). All OOCs were unilocular radiolucencies with well-defined margins, and 30 of 36 showed loss of continuity of the buccal or lingual cortices based on computed tomography (CT) images. Three cases exhibited root resorption; tooth displacement occurred in 4 cases. The average volume of the cysts on CT was 7794.25 ± 6952.98 mm3. All cysts were treated by enucleation or enucleation after decompression. The average follow-up time was 32.50 ± 27.58 months (ranging from 6 to 65 months), and the overall recurrence rate was 4.44% (2 of 45). Compared with OKCs, Ki-67 and cyclin D1 expression were significantly lower in OOCs (P < 0.001). ConclusionsOOCs occur more frequently in mandible with a slight male predilection and have a lower proliferative activity than OKCs. Radiologically, OOCs are more likely associated with buccolingual expansion and destruction of cortical bone. Due to the lower aggressiveness and recurrence rate, enucleation or decompression combined with enucleation is the first treatment choice for OOC.

CD98hc has a pivotal role in maintaining the immuno-barrier integrity of basal layer cells in esophageal epithelium

ObjectivesThe current study aims to find the linker between esophageal epithelial carcinogenesis and chronic inflammation and the origin of hyperproliferative cells in precancerous lesions of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).Materials and methodsTwenty one normal esophageal tissues from cadavers and 180 paired tissues from 60 surgical resected ESCC specimens were utilized for immunohistochemistry staining against CK14, CK6, CD98hc and Ki67. NE6 cell line was treated with H2O2 to mimic chronic inflammation microenvironment and TPA for malignant orientated transformation. Cell proliferation and CD98hc mRNA were assessed by CCK8 assay and RT-qPCR.ResultsCD98hc expression was correlated with chronic inflammation severity, precancerous lesion stage, and epithelial cell proliferative activity. CD98hc expression and proliferation rate of NE6 were up regulated by low dose H2O2 treatment and long term TPA treatment. The proliferating cells in hyperplastic and dysplastic tissues could be divided into two patterns by the expression of CK14, CD98hc, CK6 and Ki67: CK14+CD98hc+CK6−Ki67− in basal cells with CK14−CD98hc−CK6+Ki67+ in proliferating cells and CK14+CD98hc+CK6+Ki67+ in both basal cells and proliferating cells.ConclusionsOur study revealed that CD98hc was a marker of cells originated from basal cell in esophagus, ectopic expression of CD98hc in hyperplastic/dysplastic cells by chronic inflammation stimulation crippled the linkage between basal cell and basement membrane, sabotaged the integrity of the barrier in between lamina propria and epithelium, subsequentially initiate carcinogenesis.

BUCCAL CELL MICRONUCLEI AMONG PATIENTS WITH ORAL LEUKOPLAKIA.

The aim: The purpose of research was to evaluate the efficiency of micronucleus test in buccal cells for the diagnosis of oral leukoplakia. Materials and methods: We have conducted a comprehensive clinical and laboratory examination of 155 patients with oral leukoplakia. It was conducted histological examination leukoplakia mucosal sites, to assess the buccal epithelium cell micronucleus test was carried out. Results: Histological evaluation of the material was made according to the classification of leukoplakia WHO (2005). They are established 10 (14%) sites unmodified mucosa, 10 (14%) of the samples hyperkeratosis without atypia, 14 (19%) biopsies hyperkeratosis SIN1, 15 (21%) of hyperkeratosis SIN2, 10 (14%) -- SIN3 and 13 (18 %) of the cases of squamous cell carcinoma. Micronuclei, whose appearance is caused by violation of differentiation of epithelial cells, were found in patients with leukoplakia, the detection of micronuclei almost equally high as in patients with leukoplakia SIN2, and with SIN3 (a difference of 1.3 times (p <0,05, rxy = + 0.271)), and consequently the probability of occurrence of tumoral diseases of the oral mucosa or malignancy existing large. Conclusions: Thus, on the background of the general increase in proliferative activity of epithelial cells with increasing SIN, for each treatment group revealed the appearance of micronuclei in buccal cells. And the frequency of micronuclei and the fourth type of increases with hyperplasia, indicating an increase in the likelihood of malignancy and cancer of the oral mucosa in patients with leukoplakia SIN3.

Межклеточные контакты, пролиферация и апоптоз эпителия десны у пациентов с пародонтитом после лазерной терапии

Introduction. E-cadherin participates in the formation of intercellular junctions and protects the epitheliocytes of the gums from apoptosis and regulates proliferation in them. The effect of a diode laser on intercellular contacts, proliferation, and apoptosis of gum epitheliocytes at various ages remains poorly studied. The purpose of the paper was to conduct a comparative analysis of the proliferative and apoptotic activity of human gingival epitheliocytes and their intercellular interaction in chronic inflammation, as well as in age-related diode laser therapy. Materials and methods.The study included patients with and without periodontal inflammation (30 patients in each group). The subjects were divided into 2 age groups: group I included patients aged 20–40 years, whereas group II – 41–60 years. Each age group was divided into subgroups: the control subgroup (patients without gingival inflammation); subgroup with periodontal inflammation (patients with chronic periodontitis); and subgroup after laser therapy (patients after therapy with 940-nm Prometey diode laser). We performed immunohistochemical studies using monoclonal antibodies to Ki-67, p53, E-cadherin; as well as computer morphometry and statistical data analysis. Results. Periodontitis combines a decrease in the number of both proliferating epitheliocytes and E-cadherin-positive intercellular contacts in the basal and spiny layers of the gum epithelium in both young and mature adults (p=0.00002). Exposure of a diode laser has a positive effect on the proliferative activity of epithelial cells and significantly increases the number of E-cadherin-positive intercellular contacts in the basal layer (p=0.00002), but does not affect the expression of p53 (p=0.9) in the gum epithelium in all age groups. Conclusion. Exposure of a diode laser increases the proliferation/apoptosis index in the gingival epithelium and brings the expression of E-cadherin closer to the control values. Keywords: gingival epithelium, chronic periodontitis, diode laser, Ki-67, p53, E-cadherin

Formation, structure, properties of chitosan aspartate and metastable state of its solutions for obtaining nanoparticles

Chitosan (200 kDa) dissolution in an aqueous solution of L-aspartic acid, physicochemical properties and features of the resulting chitosan salt were studied by conductometry, potentiometry, viscometry, turbidimetry, IR and NMR spectroscopy, and X-ray diffractometry. Chitosan aspartate is a water-soluble hydrated polymorph exhibiting properties of a cationic polyelectrolyte with an effective macromolecular coil radius 60–75 nm. The specific conductivity, dielectric constant, viscosity and pH of the chitosan – L-aspartic acid – water system change over time after preparation due to counterion-polycation association to form ion pairs, multiplet structures, and their subsequent aggregation. As a result, nanoparticles (40–90 nm) are formed after ~24 h, microparticles (0.6–1.4 μm) are after ~48 h, and precipitation occurs after 72–96 h. The precipitated phase is a water-insoluble chitosan salt with a developed system of H-bonds and high crystallinity degree. Chitosan nanoparticles have high biocompatibility and the ability to accelerate the proliferative activity of epithelial cells. HypothesisIon pairs and multiplets are formed in the chitosan – L-aspartic acid – water system due to counterion association, which leads to phase segregation of the polymer substance at the level of nanoparticles and microparticles.

Novel Cell Culture Paradigm Prolongs Mouse Corneal Epithelial Cell Proliferative Activity in vitro and in vivo.

It has been a long-standing challenge to obtain from cell cultures adequate amounts of mouse corneal epithelial cells (mCEC) to perform transplantation surgery. This limitation is attributable to the passage dependent declines in their proliferative activity. We describe here development of a novel 6C medium that contains six different modulators of different signaling pathways, which control proliferative mCEC activity. Its usage shortens the time and effort required to obtain epithelial sheets for hastening healing of an epithelial wound in an experimental animal model. This serum-free 6C medium contains:Y27632, forskolin, SB431542, DAPT, IWP-2, LDN-193189 and also DermaLife K keratinocyte calcium. Their inclusion inhibits rises in four specific markers of epithelial mesenchymal transdifferentiation:ZEB1/2, Snail, β-catenin and α-SMA. This medium is applied in a feeder-free air-lifted system to obtain sufficient populations of epithelial progenitor cells whose procurement is facilitated due to suppression of progenitor epithelial cell transdifferentiation into epithelial-mesenchymal cells. Diminution of this decline in transdifferentiation was confirmed based on the invariance of P63, K14, Pax6, and K12 gene expression levels. This cell culture technique is expected to facilitate ex vivo characterization of mechanisms underlying cell fate determination. Furthermore, its implementation will improve yields of progenitor mouse corneal epithelial cells, which increases the likelihood of using these cells as a source to generate epithelial sheets for performing transplantation surgery to treat limbal stem cell deficiency in a clinical setting. In addition, the novel insight obtainable from such studies is expected to improve the outcomes of corneal regenerative medicine.

The effect of biodegradable silk fibroin-based scaffolds containing glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) on the corneal regeneration process

Corneal injury due to ocular trauma or infection is one of the most challenging vision impairing pathologies. The aim of the work was to study the effect of biodegradable silk fibroin-based scaffolds containing GDNF on the corneal regeneration process. During cultivate the highest keratocytes proliferative activity was registered with scaffolds containing 250 ng/ml and 500 ng/ml GDNF. In mice with an experimental model of epithelial-stromal damage to the cornea, silk fibroin-based scaffolds containing GDNF in various concentrations were used (in groups 1, 2 and 3 silk fibroin-based scaffolds containing GDNF in a concentration of 50 ng/ml, 250 ng/ml and 500 ng/ml, respectively; in group 4 - silk fibroin-based scaffolds without GDNF; in group 5 - a solution of GDNF with concentration of 500 ng/ml; group 6- control). The area of the corneal epithelial defect in groups 2, 3, and 5 was less than in the other groups. The most pronounced positive immunohistochemical reaction with antibodies to Bcl2, Bax, phosphoERK1/2 and phospho-JNK1/2, Ki67, Gap43 was observed in groups 2 and 3. Thus, silk fibroin-based scaffolds with GDNF stimulate the epithelialization process, proliferative activity of epithelial cells and keratocytes, accelerate the formation of the stromal nerve plexus and exhibit anti-apoptotic activity.

Optimization of the diagnosis of precancerous diseases of the oral mucosa and lips (Manganotti's abrasive precancerous cheilitis and erythroplakia)

To optimize the identification of precancerous diseases of the oral mucosa, such as Manganotti's abrasive precancerous cheilitis and erythroplakia of the oral mucosa using markers Ki-67 and keratin 15. The study group included 17 patients with Manganotti's abrasive precancerous cheilitis and 8 with erythroplakia of the oral mucosa. A histological analysis was carried out to scrutinize the biopsy material of the oral mucosa of the patients. Ki-67 protein and keratin 15 were used to assess the proliferative activity of epithelial cells and the severity of neoplasia. Results. Thirteen patients with Manganotti's cheilitis had dysplasia of varying degrees, and 4 had signs of malignancy. A high proliferative activity of the Ki-67 protein was found in the stratum basal and stratum spinosum of the epithelium. In 5 patients with erythroplakia, according to histological examination, grade 2-3 intraepithelial neoplasia was revealed and 3 patients had cancer in situ. The expression of keratin 15 in all patients with Manganotti's abrasive precancerous cheilitis and erythroplakia in the basal layer tended to decrease with an increase in the degree of dysplasia, however, the appearance of keratin 15 in the cytoplasm of cells located above the basal layer was discovered. The use of Ki-67 protein and keratin 15 as immunohistochemical markers in the study of diseases such as Manganotti's abrasive precancerous cheilitis and erythroplakia of the oral mucosa makes it possible to identify the initial signs of malignancy more accurately in the epithelium.

Иммуногистохимическое исследование эффектов тяжелых металлов на слизистую оболочку тонкой кишки крыс препубертатного возраста

Introduction. Numerous studies of pathological effects of heavy metals were mostly carried out on adult experimental animals. The aim of this work was to evaluate the markers of proliferation and apoptosis in the mucosa of the small intestine in Wistar prepubertal rats under isolated and combined exposure to cadmium and lead at subtoxic doses. Materials and methods. We used immunohistochemistry to study Ki67 and p53 expression in the mucosa of the small intestine in 40 male Wistar prepubertal rats aged 4 weeks, the animals having been exposed to isolated or combined per os subtoxic cadmium and/or lead doses for 21 days. Results. In paraffin sections, we observed a significant increase in Ki67 expression in the epithelium of the small intestine in the group of combined exposure to heavy metals compared to Ki67 expression in the control group and other groups with isolated exposure to cadmium or lead. p53 expression in the epithelium of the small intestinal crypts and villi grew in the experimental groups compared to that in the control group, the highest indices being in the combined exposure group. The number of epithelial goblet cells significantly decreased in all experimental groups compared to that in the control group, the smallest number of goblet cells being observed in isolated exposure to lead compared to that in all other groups. Conclusion. Heavy toxic metals cadmium and lead induced the proliferative activity of epithelial cells in the small intestinal mucosa combined with an increased p53 expression and reduced number of epithelial goblet cells. Keywords: small intestinal mucosa, prepubertal rats, cadmium, lead, proliferation, apoptosis, immunohis-tochemistry

To the question of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia malignant potential

To study of neoplastic transformation of the epithelial cells of the oral mucosa with verrucous hyperortokeratosis, verrucous carcinoma and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Oral mucous membrane biopsies of 33 patients with clinical diagnosis of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia were investigated. Histologically in 19 cases (57.6%) was revealed verrucous hyperorthokeratosis, in 8 cases (24.2%) - verrucous carcinoma and in 6 cases (18.2%) - oral squamous cell carcinoma. Tissue antigens were determined using mouse monoclonal antibodies to Ki-67 and mouse monoclonal antibodies to cytokeratin 15. In comparison with the proliferative activity of epithelial cells in the malpighian layer in verrucous hyperorthokeratosis (17.2±8.1%) was detected increasingof cell proliferation in epithelial growth zone in verrucous carcinoma (33.8±8.1%) and in peripheral zone of solid areas in oral squamous cell carcinoma (51.2±35.7%). A significant decrease in the expression of cytokeratin 15 in the cytoplasm of tumor cells was noted inverrucous carcinoma and oral squamous cell carcinoma in comparison with verrucous hyperorthokeratosis. The obtained results proclaim that there is no stage of epithelial dysplasia during tumor transformation of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia into verrucous carcinoma and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Verrucous carcinoma by the nature of proliferative activity, cell atypia and expression of cytokeratin 15 corresponds to carcinoma in situ.

Semaphorin 3A Negatively Affects Proliferation of Mouse Thymus Epithelial Cells In Vitro.

We studied effects of semaphorin 3A, keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and their combinations on the proliferative activity of cortical (cTEC1-2) and medullary (mTEC3-10) thymus epithelium cell lines. Semaphorin 3A inhibited the proliferative activity of epithelial cells, while HGF and KGF, in contrast, exerted a stimulating effect. The effect of KGF and semaphorin 3A on different cell lines depended on the expression of receptors for these two factors. When the combination of two factors was used, semaphorin 3A was able to neutralize the stimulating effect of HGF and KGF. It can be assumed that semaphorin 3A synthesized in the thymus stroma, can act as a functional antagonist of HGF and KGF and have an inhibitory effect when these drugs are administered into the body for the therapeutic purpose of restoring thymus functions.

The role of Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathway in the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma

The research of the Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathway activity was carried out on biopsy specimens of 43 patients with oral hyperplasia, squamous intraepithelial neoplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Tissue antigens were determined using a mouse monoclonal antibody to Ki-67 protein and rabbit monoclonal antibody to Gli-1 protein. In squamous intraepithelial neoplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma specimens Gli-1 was detected in the cytoplasm of cells only. The correlation was found between the proliferative activity of epithelial cells and Gli-1 distribution. Protein Gli-1 can be used for early diagnosis of malignant transformation of oral stratified squamous epithelium.

Comparative Study using Papanicolaou Stain and Silver-stained Nucleolar Organizer Region Counts in Exfoliative Smear of Oral Mucosa in Bidi Smokers and Nonsmokers.

Aim:The aim of this study is to compare the proliferative activity of exfoliated cells in bidi smoker's and nonsmoker's oral mucosa.Materials and Methods:The oral mucosal exfoliate smears were prepared from 40 individuals (20 nonsmokers and 20 smokers) with the age group ranging from 25 to 70 years, in and around Akola (Maharashtra). The Papanicolaou (PAP) stain and silver-stained nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) were used to prepare cytogenic smear to evaluate the presence of cytological alterations, suggestive of inflammation, dysplasia, keratinization, and proliferative activity of epithelial cells. The present study involves PAP Class I and Class II smears. The obtained data were tabulated and statistically analyzed using statistical software IBM SPSS IBM Corp., Statistics for Windows, Version 20.0. Armonk, NY, USA: IBM Corp., and using t-test.Results:There was a significant difference in mean number of AgNORs/nucleus between nonsmokers (0.947 ± 0.2533) and smokers (3.021 ± 0.2256). There were 90% inflammatory changes observed in smokers whereas nonsmokers showed only 75% changes. PAP Class II changes, i.e., significant proliferative activity, were found between smokers and nonsmokers mucosa.Conclusion:A significant difference of AgNORs/nucleus was found between nonsmokers and smokers.

Cytokeratin 15 as a diagnostic marker for oral epithelial malignization

The paper presents an example of an immunohistochemical study of malignancy in oral epithelial hyperplasia. In the described case in view of the difficulty in determining the onset of the epithelial malignancy with the usual histological technique, an immunohistochemical method was used with antibodies to proteins Ki-67, human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 and cytokeratin 15. The results of immunohistochemical study indicated increased proliferative activity of epithelial cells, presence of papillomavirus HPV16 in their cytoplasm and synthesis of cytokeratin 15 in all layers of the epithelium. These characteristics of squamous intraepithelial neoplasia may be a diagnostic criterion for the beginning of oral epithelial malignization.