Proliferation Of Risks Research Articles

Too Many or Too Few Norms: «Normal Anomie» as a New Definition of the Present Times

Book under review: “Normal’naya Anomiya” v Rossii i Sovremennom Mire [Normal Anomie In Russia And Modern World]. Ed. S.A. Kravchenko. Moscow: MGIMO-University, 2017. (In Russian). 281 p. The reviewed publication features a new comprehensive approach to grasp current complexities of the modern society by developing the conception of normal anomie. Authors contribute to reveal the nature of normal anomie as a dispersion of norms and values which entails a permanent reproduction and proliferation of risks and uncertainties in all spheres of human activity. In the provided review, normal anomie is addressed in reference to its common and distinctive features compared with classical sociological conceptions of societal and normative disorganization found in the works o such preeminent scholars as E. Durkheim, R.K. Merton, G. Bataille et al.

INTERINSTITUTIONAL DIMENSION CONCERNING PLANNING, TRAINING AND FORCE ENGAGEMENT AS RESPONSE TO THE HYBRID WAR

The proliferation of risks and unconventional threats, especially the hybrid ones, requires the finding of integrated security solutions, both nationally and internationally. The beginning of the millennium reveals new ideas for conducting military conflicts. Thus, within the future confrontations characterized by a high degree of complexity, awareness of the need and development of some mechanisms necessary for the inter-institutional integration and the effects of the actions of all power tools, military and civilian, is a priority of major significance. In this regard, the present article presents some mechanisms, guidelines and methods that could lead to inter-institutional integration.

The price of youth: commodification of young people through malleable risk practices

ABSTRACTRisk has become a dominant part of theory and practice in young people's services over the past 30 years [Kemshall, H. 2008. “Risk, Rights and Justice: Understanding and Responding to Youth Risk.” Youth Justice 8 (1): 21–37; Goldson, G. 2000. “Children in Need’ or ‘Young Offenders’? Hardening ideology, organizational change and new challenges for social work with children in trouble.” Child and Family Social Work 5 (3): 255–265]. Young people are simultaneously described as ‘at-risk’ and risky, ‘permanent suspects’ [Mcara, L., and S. Mcvie. 2005. “The usual suspects? Street-life, young people and the police.” Criminal Justice 5 (1): 5–36] with the potential for committing crime, using drugs, being sexually promiscuous or under-performing in the socio-economic climate [Turnbull, G., and J. Spence. 2011. “What's at risk? The proliferation of risk across child and youth policy in England.” Journal of Youth Studies 14 (8): 939–959]. This paper reports on a UK study of youth practitioners’ perceptions of young people in relation to ‘risk’ and how this affects practice. Findings identify a context where practitioners engage with notions of young people as at-risk or risky, managing tensions between external constructions and the ‘real’ individual on an on-going basis. ‘Risk’ becomes malleable, with young people's risk biographies being amplified or attenuated on the basis of the practitioner's view of needs, resource allocations, contracts, targets, practitioner or organisational fears, risk management processes, and the desire to get the best for the young person. Whilst of short-term benefit, this commodification of young people is counter-productive, magnifying the construction of youth as risky others. The paper calls for new approaches to challenge the continued dominance of the youth risk paradigm in practice, policy and the academic youth studies field.

Scoring the true value of general practice

The proliferation of risk scoring systems in general practice undermines GPs’ clinical judgment, says Michael Ingram

What's at risk? The proliferation of risk across child and youth policy in England

The concept of risk has found increasing prominence in social policy, human services management and front-line practice in recent years. This is particularly the case in relation to children and young people, who, in the UK, have been subject to a range of interventions based on the identification of population-based risk factors. Through the analysis of UK publications (primarily covering England) relating to children and young people during the Labour Government (1997–2010), this article identifies how risk has proliferated across a wide range of youth-related fields, becoming a social, political and moral entity in itself rather than a tool for primarily criminological prediction and intervention. The article concludes that this proliferation demands further empirical study and theoretical scrutiny beyond the criminal justice sphere in which it is often contained and also questions the extent to which the construction of youth both ‘at-risk’ and ‘as-risk’ is a useful and effective way of driving policy and practice interventions.

Educação ambiental: o desafio da construção de um pensamento crítico, complexo e reflexivo

A multiplicação dos riscos, em especial os ambientais e tecnológicos de graves conseqüências, é elemento chave para se entender as características, os limites e as transformações da nossa modernidade. É cada vez mais notória a complexidade desse processo de transformação de uma sociedade cada vez mais não só ameaçada, mas diretamente afetada por riscos e agravos socioambientais. Os riscos contemporâneos explicitam os limites e as conseqüências das práticas sociais, trazendo consigo um novo elemento, a "reflexividade". A sociedade, produtora de riscos, torna-se crescentemente reflexiva, o que significa dizer que ela se torna um tema e um problema para si própria. O conceito de risco passa a ocupar um papel estratégico para o entendimento das características, dos limites e das transformações do projeto histórico da modernidade e para reorientar estilos de vida coletivos e individuais. Num contexto marcado pela degradação permanente do meio ambiente e do seu ecossistema, isso envolve um conjunto de atores do universo educativo em todos os níveis, potencializando o engajamento dos diversos sistemas de conhecimento e a sua capacitação numa perspectiva interdisciplinar. Os educadores têm um papel estratégico e decisivo na inserção da educação ambiental no cotidiano escolar, qualificando os alunos para um posicionamento crítico face à crise socioambiental, tendo como horizonte a transformação de hábitos e práticas sociais e a formação de uma cidadania ambiental que os mobilize para a questão da sustentabilidade no seu significado mais abrangente.

State of the Art: A Decade of Health Sociology in Review

This paper reports on a review of health sociology in Australia from 1990 till present. The authors searched all the major databases for health social sciences including Medline, CINAHL, Sociological s and Australian Medical Index. Methodological difficulties in capturing all such work are outlined first. Examination of the citations revealed a significant increase in research and commentary in the discipline, and a continued (since the last review) movement away from the biomedical world views towards more inductive, qualitative research strategies and epistemological standpoints. This decade saw the emergence of AIDS, the body and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) as popular themes in research, and the proliferation of risk as a conceptual tool. An important finding is the proportion of single-authored publications and the possible implications for communication and dialogue amongst those working in the discipline, and the seeming lack of collaboration, at least at the level of publication. It is concluded that although there are parallels with the findings of the previous reviews, there have been distinct methodological and paradigmatic shifts in health sociology over the last decade.