Proliferation Of Inflammatory Cells Research Articles

CHRONIC BRONCHITIS IN CAT

Chronic bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchi with symptoms observed for more than 2 months. This report aims to discuss the incidence of chronic bronchitis in domestic cats. The case animal used was a male domestic cat named Roki aged 3 years with a body weight of 3.25 kg. Based on anamnesis, the cat showed complaints of coughing, sneezing and nasal discharge. Coughing complaints have been observed since the last 1 year, while sneezing and nasal discharge complaints have been observed since the last 1 week. Physical examination showed cough and mucopurulent nasal discharge. Radiographic examination showed increased opacity and thickening of the bronchial wall. Routine haematological examination showed the cat had leucocytosis and thrombocytopenia. Cytological examination of nasal discharge showed proliferation of neutrophilic inflammatory cells and bacterial infiltration of Streptococcus sp. The therapy given to the case cat was Amoxicilin trihydrate 125 mg/5 mL (Amoxsan®, PT. Sanbe Farma, Cimahi, Indonesia) given as much as 10 mg/kg BW twice a day for seven days with an amount of 1.3 mL per oral administration. Anti-inflammatory meloxicam 7.5 mg (Meloxicam®, PT Dankos Farma, Jakata, Indonesia) was administered once daily for four days at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg BW orally. Theophylline bronchodilator 130 mg/15 mL (Theobron®, PT. Interbat, East Java, Indonesia) was administered as 10 mg/kg BW once daily for seven days with a total administration of 0.9 mL orally. Supportive therapy was given multivitamins (Curvit®, PT Soho Industri Pharmasi, Jakarta, Indonesia) with an amount of 1.5 mL once a day for seven days. Based on history taking, clinical examination and laboratory tests, the case cat was diagnosed with chronic bronchitis with a prognosis of fausta. The results of 7 days of treatment showed improvement, namely coughing, sneezing and nasal discharge were no longer observed. It is recommended to the cat owner to cage and always maintain the cleanliness of the cat's living environment to prevent the recurrence of chronic bronchitis and the owner needs to pay attention to the food given.

Advances in the role and mechanism of fibroblasts in fracture healing.

With the development of social population ageing, bone fracture has become a global public health problem due to its high morbidity, disability and mortality. Fracture healing is a complex phenomenon involving the coordinated participation of immigration, differentiation and proliferation of inflammatory cells, angioblasts, fibroblasts, chondroblasts and osteoblasts which synthesize and release bioactive substances of extracellular matrix components, Mortality caused by age-related bone fractures or osteoporosis is steadily increasing worldwide as the population ages. Fibroblasts play an important role in the process of fracture healing. However, it is not clear how the growth factors and extracellular matrix stiffness of the bone-regeneration microenvironment affects the function of osteoblasts and fibroblasts in healing process. Therefore, this article focuses on the role of fibroblasts in the process of fracture healing and mechanisms of research progress.

Can wall shear-stress topology predict proliferative vitreoretinopathy localization following pars plana vitrectomy?

We numerically study the fluid dynamics of oil tamponade in models of vitrectomized eyes prompted by a subset of daily activities corresponding to movements on the horizontal plane with the patient in a standing position. Bulk flow features are related to near-wall flow topology and transport at the retinal surface through a wall shear-stress-based analysis. Proliferative VitreoRetinopathy (PVR) is the leading cause of retinal re-detachment occurring in about 20% of all cases due to the accumulation of inflammatory cells in discrete retinal regions. Signalling soluble mediators stimulate inflammatory cells’ chemotaxis and studying their distribution across the retinal surface may acquire clinical relevance. In all the investigated cases, persistent and elongated regions along the retina, potentially prone to accumulate chemo-attractants and cells are observed. Gradients of soluble inflammation mediators present in the aqueous are known responsible for the so-called epithelial-mesenchymal transition that initiates PVR and favours recurrent retinal detachment prompting the proliferation of inflammatory cells with collagen matrix deposition and its contraction. The surgical apposition of encircling scleral buckling elements, known for over a century to influence PVR formation and localization, modifies the attracting regions, possibly causing an accumulation of molecules and cells along approximately vertical lines that follow the rising menisci due to the cerclage indentation. The resulting spatial pattern is compatible with clinical observations. This study may open toward rational analyses of near-wall transport to predict PVR pathogenesis by relating biochemical accumulation in certain areas of the retina to clinical conditions.

Human dental pulp stem cells have comparable abilities to umbilical cord mesenchymal stem/stromal cells in regulating inflammation and ameliorating hepatic fibrosis.

Hepatic fibrosis, also called cirrhosis, have wide prevalence worldwide for long yeas. Recently, many treatments for liver cirrhosis made marked progress, especially the umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (UCMSC) therapy. However, limited recourses and potential immune-related issues become the obstacles on UCMSC popularization in clinic. Therefore, we took dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) into the consideration, since autologous DPSCs can be easily obtained without any ethnic or immune-related issues that heterogenous UCMSCs could encounter. We systematically compared the effects of both cell types and found that DPSCs had similar results to UCMSCs in regulating inflammation and reversing hepatic fibrosis. In our study, co-culturing T cells and PBMSCs showed that DPSCs have the ability to inhibit the proliferation of inflammatory cells and downregulate relevant inflammatory factors. In vitro and in vivo sterility tests confirmed the bio-safety of DPSCs. Moreover, the 1year-aged mouse model demonstrated that DPSCs successfully reversed hepatic fibrosis. Overall, DPSCs demonstrated comparable effectiveness to UCMSCs in regulating inflammation and reversing hepatic fibrosis, particularly in the aged mouse model that represents middle-aged and elderly humans. Since autologous DPSCs avoid potential immune-related issues that heterogenous UCMSCs could encounter, they may be a better choice for stem cell-related therapies.

A novel antibacterial hydrogel based on thiolated ovalbumin/gelatin with silver ions to promote wound healing in mice

Hydrogels could be used as wound dressings, but most protein-based hydrogels lack anti-bacterial effects. Here, we successfully prepared a silver ion cross-linked thiolated protein hydrogel (thiolated Ovalbumin and Gelatin, O3G7). The wound photographs showed that the healing rate (96.23 %) of hydrogel-treated mice was higher than the control group. Meanwhile, the hydrogel increased the granulation tissue's total protein content. Furthermore, it significantly increased the collagen content, consistent with the results of Masson's trichrome (MT) staining and immunohistochemical analysis of type I collagen (ColI). The results of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining showed the growth and proliferation of inflammatory cells, granulation tissue, fibroblasts, blood vessels and hair follicles in acute wounds. O3G7 hydrogel had fewer inflammatory cells and more neovascularization, and hair follicle tissue and intact epidermis could be observed. The results of immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry showed that the O3G7 group reduced the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (56.87 % of the control group) and upregulated the expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β (1.29 times of the control group). These results suggest that O3G7 hydrogel significantly affects the healing of acute wounds. This study demonstrates that hydrogels prepared from food-derived proteins will be promising and bio-safe candidates in bioengineering.

Contents of matrix metalloproteinase type 2 (MMP-2) and complexes MMP-9/TIMP-1, MMP-2/TIMP-2, and total cholesterol in practically healthy people and patients with hypertension

Arterial hypertension (AH) is the most common age-associated disease among the working population. Polyetiology of AH requires a more thorough definition and study of its predictors aiming for understanding the role of external influences, as well as detection of genetic polymorphisms at early stages, in order to limit their implementation. The scientific reviews discuss the important role of abnormal vascular remodeling in the pathogenesis of hypertension. The main factor of such alterations is the rearrangement of extracellular matrix due to matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), the zinc-dependent enzymes with a wide substrate specificity. In addition, in more than 70% of cases, AH is combined with lipid metabolism disorders, including an increase in cholesterol levels. These mechanisms should be taken into account when assessing risk factors for development of cardiovascular accidents. The role of MMP-2 and the complexes MMP- 9/ TIMP- 1, MMP-2/TIMP-2 in pathogenesis of vascular restructuring is insufficiently described in the review articles. The article presents our results of studying the system of proteolytic enzymes and the level of total cholesterol in 110 practically healthy people and 90 persons with AH aged 18 to 74 years old. The levels of MMP-2, MMP-9/ TIMP- 1, MMP-2/TIMP-2 complexes in blood serum were studied by the sandwich variant of ELISA technique. Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out using the analytical software IBM SPSS Statistics, v. 22.0.1. It was found that in the groups of women, regardless of the presence, or absence of pathology, the level of total cholesterol is higher if compared with male subjects. MMP-2 values were low both in the general group of practically healthy people, regardless of gender, and in the group of men with hypertension. Proteolytic activity of MMP-2 shows a broader substrate activity in women with hypertension. In the group of practically healthy men and women, we have registered lower levels of the studied MMP complexes and their tissue inhibitors. An imbalance in the proteolysis/antiproteolysis system is observed both in the group of hypertensive women with more pronounced effects upon migration, proliferation and apoptosis of smooth muscle cells, endothelial and inflammatory cells, thus determining formation of intima and arterial remodeling, as well as in the group of men with hypertension with predominance of remodeling factors that affects the rigidity of vascular wall.

Performances of Pre-Trained Models in Classification of Body Cavity Fluid Cytology Images

Using deep learning architectures, disease detection from medical images such as brain images, chest X-rays, and cytology images is used in many areas. With the use of deep learning architectures in the faster detection of diseases, the possibility of starting treatment early increases. Benign and malignant cell clusters are formed from body cavity effusions. Diagnosis is made by visual inspection of images of centrifuged body fluid effusions deposits. Bad cells are usually abundant in body cavity fluids. Here, separating malignant cells from the proliferation of mesothelial cells or inflammatory cells is the problematic part. In this case, a classifier can be used to distinguish benign mesothelial or inflammatory cells from malignant carcinoma cells. In this study, using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based models, the detection of benign and malignant cells from cytology images consisting of fluids in the body cavity will be an aid to pathologists by detecting early and accurately. The dataset contains 693 images with two classes of 256x192 benign and malignant cells. These images are trained using AlexNet, ResNet50, DarkNet53, GoogleNet, MobileNetv2, and EfficientNetb0 architectures. As a result of the test phase, the highest classification accuracy was obtained in the DarkNet53 architecture with 98.56%.

Peptide Hydrolysate of Telfairia occidentalis Hook f. Seed Protein Promotes Effective Glucose Homeostasis by Improving β-cell Dysfunction and Abating Carbohydrate Metabolic Disturbance in Diabetic Rats

Rising concerns with the use of synthetic antidiabetic drugs have promoted a shift towards the use of natural products. This study therefore investigated the antidiabetic activity of peptide hydrolysate of Telfairia occidentalis (T. occidentalis) seed protein (PHTOSP) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Thirty-six (36) experimental animals were randomly distributed into six groups (A–F) of six rats each (n = 6). Group A served as normal control while groups B, C, D, E, and F were treated with streptozotocin (STZ, 50 mg/kg body weight, b.w, i.p) dissolved in cold citrate buffer (0.1 M, pH 4.5) to induce type 2 diabetes. Groups C, D, and E were administered 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg b.w PHTOSP, respectively, while groups B and F were diabetic untreated and 5 mg/kg b.w glibenclamide-treated controls, respectively, in the experiment that lasted for 21 days. Subsequently, the analysis of biochemical parameters demonstrated a significant (p<0.05) increase in serum insulin, hepatic glycogen, hexokinase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities, accompanied by a significant (p<0.05) reduction in fasting serum glucose, glucose-6-phosphatase, and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, along with an enhancement in relative body weight. Similarly, PHTOSP demonstrated a significant (p<0.05) improvement on high-density (HDL) and low-density (LDL) lipoproteins, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and atherogenic index (AI) significantly (p<0.05). In addition, histoarchitectural analysis revealed a reversal of congestion and proliferation of inflammatory cells in the pancreatic tissue following treatment with PHTOSP. Therefore, PHTOSP might possess potential antidiabetic properties such that it improves glycolytic pathway and promotes cell survival that are helpful in the management of diabetes mellitus (DM).

Physiological Properties, Functions, and Trends in the Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors in Inflammation-Mediated Human Diseases.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), also known as metalloproteinases, are enzymes that degrade proteins and require the presence of active metal atoms. There are more than 20 types of MMPs, and they promote cell migration through the proteolytic degradation of the extracellular basement. MMPs are upregulated in cancers and inflamed regions. MMPs have three conservation regions: pro-MMP, catalysis, and hemopexin. Through these domains, MMPs cleave matrixes and cell-cell barriers. Consequently, MMPs cleave the whole extracellular matrix (ECM). In other words, they decompose most of the components related to the ECM, in their roles as key enzymes in cellular and pathophysiological events in the body. Zn2+-containing endo-type peptidases directly degrade and remodel the ECM region in the progression of various diseases. MMPs are frequently found in abnormal disease status of inflammatory responses, periodontal lesion, inflammatory pulmonary lesion, arteriosclerotic smooth muscles, arthritis, and tumor metastasis and invasion. They are also known to participate in aging processes-such as wrinkle formation-by destroying collagen in the dermis. In particular, the onset of diseases via the MMP-dependent inflammatory response is caused by the breakdown of proteins in the ECM and the basement membranous region, which are the supporting structures of cells. This review describes the developments in the research examining the general and selective inhibitors for MMP associated with various human diseases over the past 20 years in terms of structure remodeling, substrate-recognizing specificities, and pharmacological applicability. Among two similar types of MMPs, MMP-2 is known as gelatinase-A with a 72 kDa, while MMP-9 is termed gelatinase-B with a 92 kDa. Both of these play a key role in this action. Therefore, both enzymatic expression levels coincide during the onset and progression of diseases. Endogenous tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are highly specific for each MMP inhibitor type. The intrinsic factors regulate various MMP types by inhibiting the onset of various diseases mediated by MMP-dependent or independent inflammatory responses. The MMP- 9 and MMP-2 enzyme activity related to the prognosis of diseases associated with the inflammatory response are selectively inhibited by TIMP1 and TIMP2, respectively. The major pathogenesis of MMP-mediated diseases is related to the proliferation of inflammatory cells in various human tissues, which indicates their potential to diagnose or treat these diseases. The discovery of a substance that inhibits MMPs would be very important for preventing and treating various MMP-dependent diseases. Considerable research has examined MMP inhibitors, but most of these have been synthetic compounds. Research using natural products as MMP inhibitors has only recently become a subject of interest. This review intends to discuss recent research trends regarding the physiological properties, functions, and therapeutic agents related to MMPs.

Multifunctional Nanoplatform for Mild Microwave-Enhanced Thermal, Antioxidative, and Chemotherapeutic Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is usually associated with excessive proliferation of M1-type proinflammatory macrophages, resulting in severe hypoxia and excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the joint cavity. Inhibiting M1-type proinflammatory macrophages and/or repolarizing them into M2 phenotype anti-inflammatory cells by alleviating hypoxia and scavenging ROS could be a promising strategy for RA treatment. In this work, a microwave-sensitive metal-organic framework of UiO-66-NH2 is constructed for coating a nanoenzyme of cerium oxide (CeO2) and loading with the drug celastrol (Cel) to give UiO-66-NH2/CeO2/Cel, which is ultimately wrapped with hyaluronic acid (HA) to form a nanocomposite UiO-66-NH2/CeO2/Cel@HA (UCCH). With the microwave-susceptible properties of UiO-66-NH2, the thermal effect of microwaves can eliminate the excessive proliferation of inflammatory cells. In addition, superoxide-like and catalase-like activities originating from CeO2 in UCCH are boosted to scavenge ROS and accelerate the decomposition of H2O2 to produce O2 under microwave irradiation. The nonthermal effect of microwaves could synergistically promote the repolarization of M1-type macrophages into the M2 phenotype. Accompanied by the release of the anti-RA chemotherapeutic drug Cel, UCCH can efficiently ameliorate RA in vitro and in vivo through microwave-enhanced multisynergistic effects. This strategy could inspire the design of other multisynergistic platforms enhanced by microwaves to exploit new treatment modalities in RA therapies.

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Abstract. Glucocorticoids, as before, remain the main drugs in the therapeutic strategy of inflammatory diseases, despite the fact that in recent years, targeted synthetic molecules have appeared, which are the most frequently prescribed drugs in the world due to their powerful immunomodulatory properties. The work presents the main characteristics of glucocorticoids, their mechanism of action, adequate dosing and effects on the immune system, considering the fact that they reduce the activation, proliferation, differentiation and survival of inflammatory cells. In this aspect, indications for administration, dosage, duration of its use, dose reduction regimens, as well as side effects and methods of therapeutic monitoring of glucocorticoids are of great importance. Key words: glucocorticoids, receptors, genomic and non-genomic effects, dosage, route and frequency of administration, pulse-therapy

Regulation of the Inflammatory Response, Proliferation, Migration, and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Human Lens Epithelial Cells by the lncRNA-MALAT1/miR-26a-5p/TET1 Signaling Axis.

The ocular inflammatory microenvironment has been reported to be closely associated with the occurrence and progression of highly myopic cataract (HMC). Long noncoding RNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) could alter the biological properties of mammalian cells by modulating the expression of inflammatory mediators; therefore, it may contribute to the development of HMC. To investigate the function of MALAT1 in the inflammatory response, proliferation, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of inflammatory and injured human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) and to reveal the underlying molecular signals. Patients with HMC and age-related cataract (ARC) with an axial length of more than 26 mm were selected, and the anterior capsular tissue was obtained during cataract surgery. TNF-α (20 ng/mL) was chosen to induce inflammatory damage in HLECs to simulate the inflammatory microenvironment in HMC eyes. Specific siRNAs, inhibitors, and mimics were used to suppress or enhance the functions of MALAT1 and miR-26a-5p. RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis were performed to measure gene and protein expression, respectively. The expression of MALAT1 and the inflammatory mediators IL-6, MMP-2, and MMP-9 were significantly higher in HMC anterior capsule tissues than in ARC. TNF-α treatment increased the expression of MALAT1, while it also promoted the proliferation, migration, and EMT of HLECs. MALAT1 interference decreased the expression of IL-6 and MMP-2 and inhibited the aforementioned processes. Furthermore, MALAT1 negatively regulated the expression of miR-26a-5p and then promoted TET1 expression. TET1 was identified as a direct target of miR-26a-5p, and the promoting effect of MALAT1 on TET1 expression could be reversed by miR-26a-5p mimics. The inflammatory environment and MALAT1 expression could be reciprocally induced in HLECs. MALAT1 may act as a ceRNA via the "sponge" miR-26a-5p and target TET1 to regulate the inflammatory response, proliferation, migration, and EMT processes in HLECs.

Bile proteome analysis by high-precision mass spectrometry to examine novel biomarkers of primary sclerosing cholangitis.

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology that affects the intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts. The present study examined the utility of a bile proteome analysis using a high-sensitivity mass spectrometer to comprehensively screen for novel PSC biomarkers. Bile endoscopically collected from patients with PSC, common bile duct stones, and biliary tract cancer were subjected to high-precision liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Some of the proteins specifically up-regulated in the bile of the PSC group were re-examined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A total of 8094 proteins were successfully identified and 332 were specifically up-regulated in the PSC group. The bioinformatics analysis showed that proteins involved in the proliferation and activation of diverse inflammatory cells were up-regulated in the PSC group. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed good area under the curve values for interleukin-8 and annexin A1 (ANXA1) (0.836 and 0.914, respectively). Immunostaining for ANXA1 revealed its strong expression in inflammatory cells infiltrating the peripheral biliary tract in PSC livers. A bile proteome analysis is a useful tool for elucidating the pathogenesis of PSC and developing new diagnostic approaches. Therefore, ANXA1 has potential as a bile biomarker for PSC.

Physicochemical and histopathological parameters of broilers with dorsal cranial myopathy.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of dorsal cranial myopathy (DCM) on chicken meat quality. Sixty-six Ross 308 AP broilers, 47 days old, of both sexes, weighing about 3.51 kg, were slaughtered according to standard industrial practices, and evaluated for meat color, pH, chemical composition, collagen content, fatty acid profile, and histopathological parameters. Comparisons between normal and DCM-affected meat were performed using Student's t-test at the 5% significance level. Histological analysis of muscle tissues affected by DCM showed myofiber degeneration, proliferation of inflammatory cells, fibroplasia, and necrosis with fibrosis. DCM samples had lower protein content and higher moisture, ash, insoluble collagen, total collagen, and pH. DCM-affected meat was redder and more yellowish. There were no differences in lipid or soluble collagen contents between groups. DCM-affected meat had higher percentages of arachidonic acid (C20:4n-6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n-3). This study revealed that DCM-affected meat exhibits considerable changes in quality parameters.

Gut-lung Microbiota Interactions in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Potential Mechanisms Driving Progression to COPD and Epidemiological Data.

This paper focuses on the gut-lung axis in the context of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), highlighting the key role played by microbial dysbiosis and the impact of environmental and genetic factors on the innate and acquired immune system and on chronic inflammation in the intestinal and pulmonary tracts. Recent evidence indicates that Antigen-Presenting Cells (APCs) perform regulatory activity influencing the composition of the microbiota. APCs (macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells) possess membrane receptors known as Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs), a category of toll-like receptors (TLRs). PRRs recognise distinct microbial structures and microbial metabolites called Signals, which modulate the saprophytic microbial equilibrium of the healthy microbiota by recognising molecular profiles associated with commensal microbes (Microbe-Associated Molecular Patterns, MAMPs). During dysbiosis, pathogenic bacteria can prompt an inflammatory response, producing PAMPs (Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns) thereby activating the proliferation of inflammatory response cells, both local and systemic. This series of regulatory and immune-response events is responsible (together with chronic infection, incorrect diet, obesity, etc.) for the systemic chronic inflammation (SCI) known as "low-grade inflammation" typical of COPD and IBD. This review looks at immunological research and explores the role of the microbiota, looking at two recent clinical studies, SPIROMICS and AERIS. There is a need for further clinical studies to characterize the pulmonary microbiota and to obtain new information about the pathogenesis of lung disease to improve our knowledge and treatment strategies and identify new therapeutic targets.

The effects of Twinlight laser treatment on the titanium surface proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells

BackgroundThe study aimed to observe the effects of a Twinlight laser on the titanium surface proliferation of inflammatory Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), inflammatory cytokine expression, and osteogenic differentiation.MethodsThe MSCs were collected from bone tissue of healthy individuals.The cellular inflammatory model was established with 1 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS).Under the cellular inflammatory model,divided into five groups: the normal control group (C); the inflammatory control group (L); Er:YAG laser group (L + E); Nd:YAG laser group (L + N); Er:YAG laser and Nd:YAG laser group (L + E + N). The treated cells were inoculated onto titanium disks.The normal and inflammatory MSCs on the surface of titanium surface were examined by CCK-8, scanning election microscopy (SEM), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‑PCR) and other methods for their proliferation, growth pattern, expression of inflammatory factors Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8) and osteogenic genes Runx2 (Runt-related transcription factor 2) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), providing the theoretical basis and experimental data for the Twinlight laser-assisted treatment of peri-implantitis. Statistical analyses were performed using a Student's t test with SPSS 17.0 software.ResultsThrough observation using SEM, the cell densities of the L + E + N, L + E, and L + N groups were similar, but cell bodies in the L + E + N group were fuller and each had more than two pseudopodia. The expression level of IL-6 mRNA in the L, L + N, L + E, and L + E + N groups was higher than in group C (P < 0.05), and the expression level of IL-8 mRNA in the L + E + N group was significantly lower than in group L (P < 0.0001). On day 7, the expression level of ALP mRNA in the L, L + N, L + E, and L + E + N groups was lower than in group C (P < 0.05). On day 14, there was no significant difference in the expression level of ALP mRNA among the L + N, L + E + N, and C groups (P > 0.05). On day 7, the expression level of RUNX2 mRNA in the L + E + N group was higher than in group L (P < 0.001). On day 14, the expression level of RUNX2 mRNA in the L + E + N group was higher than in group L (P < 0.01).ConclusionTwinlight laser treatment promoted cell proliferation, inhibited the expression of inflammatory cytokines, and effectively enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of cells on a titanium surface.

Interferon Regulatory Factor 4 (IRF4) Promotes Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Colonic Mucosal Epithelial Cell Proliferation by Regulating Macrophage Polarization

Introduction: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic disease characterized by diffuse inflammation of the mucosa of colon and rectum. Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) mediates macrophage anti-inflammatory phenotype (alternatively activated macrophages [M2]). This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of IRF4 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced colonic mucosal epithelial cell proliferation via the regulation of macrophage polarization. Methods: Human bone marrow-derived macrophages were subjected to interleukin 4 (IL-4) induction. M2 macrophages were identified using flow cytometry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). IRF4 expression in M2 macrophages was detected using Western blot and qRT-PCR. IRF4 expression was silenced in M2 macrophages. IL-10 mRNA expression and protein level were detected using qRT-PCR and Western blot. The binding relation between IRF4 and IL-10 was verified using dual-luciferase and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Macrophages under different treatments were cocultured with LPS-induced human colonic mucosal epithelial cells. The levels of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The proliferation of inflammatory cells was measured using Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, and the healing of inflammatory cells was detected using wound healing assay. Results: M2 macrophages alleviated LPS-induced inflammatory responses. IRF4 bound to IL-10 and promoted IL-10 expression. Inhibition of IRF4 reduced IL-10 expression and attenuated the alleviating effect of M2 macrophages on inflammatory responses. Inhibition of IRF4 combined with IL-10 overexpression enhanced the promoting effect of M2 macrophages on inflammatory healing. Conclusion: IRF4 promoted colonic mucosal epithelial cell proliferation by increasing IL-10 expression and regulating macrophage polarization to M2 phenotype, which might be related to UC mucosal healing.

Postoperatif peritoneal adhezyonların önlenmesinde saf zeytinyağı ve PRF’nin etkinliği

Purpose: In this study, we applied platelet rich fibrin (PRF) and pure olive oil on the incision surfaces of rats. We aimed to examine whether PRF may be used safely to prevent peritoneal adhesions.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: Fourty rats were divided into 4 groups (n=8). Eight rats, not included in the study groups, were used to obtain PRF material. Group 1 had no surgical procedure, Group 2 was operated without medication, Group 3 was operated and received 1cc olive oil, Group 4 was operated and received 1 cc PRF. After 21 days, cecum areas were examined histopathologically. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) levels were measured in serum by ELISA.&#x0D; Results: The adhesion scores and severity of fibrosis in Group 3 and 4 were significantly lower than Group 2. Plasma TNF-α value was significantly higher in Group 2 than Group 4. Plasma PDGF value was significantly higher in Group 2 than Group 3 and 4.&#x0D; Discussion: PRF reduced intestinal adhesion by inhibiting the proliferation of fibroblasts and inflammatory cells, and promoting the proliferation of mesothelial cells. PRF has anti-inflammatory effect and prevented postop adhesions, based mainly on growth factors and cytokines in its content.

Polystyrene nanoparticles carrying miR-375 alleviate inflammatory response of intervertebral disc nucleus pulposus cells via NF-κB signaling pathway

The aim of this study was to investigate the protective role of miR-375-loaded polystyrene nanoparticles (PSNPs) in inflammatory response within nucleus pulposus cells (NPC) in intervertebral disc. RT-qPCR was used to determine the miR-375 expression in the intervertebral disc NPCs and tissues from patients with inflammatory reaction. After transfection of PS-NPs carrying miR-375, MTT and flow cytometry experiment were conducted to assess proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle of inflammatory cells in the intervertebral disc. The relationship between miR-375-loaded PS-NPs and NF-κB pathway was analyzed using a luciferase reporter assay. miR-375 expression was decreased in inflammatory cells and intervertebral disc NPCs. Administration of PS-NPs carrying miR-375 resulted in decreased proliferation rate of NPCs when promoting cell apoptosis. PS-NP inhibitor in return suppressed apoptosis of NPCs in the intervertebral disc. The expression of NF-κB pathway was directly regulated by miR-375 PS-NPs and participated in the inflammatory response of intervertebral disc NPCs. Down-regulation of miR-375 induced continuous proliferation of inflammatory cells in the nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disc and hindered cell apoptosis. miR-375 PS-NPs can inhibit the inflammatory response of NPCs on intervertebral disc through NF-κB pathway, which provides a new direction for nano-therapeutics for inflammatory responses of intervertebral disc NPCs.

Aloperine Ameliorates IMQ-Induced Psoriasis by Attenuating Th17 Differentiation and Facilitating Their Conversion to Treg

Aloperine is an anti-inflammatory compound isolated from the Chinese herb Sophora alopecuroides L. Previously, our group has reported that the generation of induced Treg was promoted by aloperine treatment in a mouse colitis model. However, the effect of aloperine on effector T cell subsets remains unclear. We therefore carefully examined the effect of aloperine on the differentiation of major subsets of T helper cells. Based on our results, psoriasis, a Th17 dominant skin disease, is selected to explore the potential therapeutic effect of aloperine in vivo. Herein, we demonstrated that topical application of aloperine suppressed epidermal proliferation, erythema, and infiltration of inflammatory cells in skin lesions. Mechanistic studies revealed that aloperine suppressed the differentiation of Th17 cells directly through inhibiting the phosphorylation of STAT3 or indirectly through impairing the secretion of Th17-promoting cytokines by dendritic cells. Moreover, aloperine enhanced the conversion of Th17 into Treg via altering the pSTAT3/pSTAT5 ratio. Collectively, our study supported that aloperine possesses the capacity to affect Th17 differentiation and modulates Th17/Treg balance, thereby alleviating imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis in mice.