Life Cycle Cost Of Projects Research Articles

Carbon capture and utilisation (CCU) solutions: Assessing environmental, economic, and social impacts using a new integrated methodology

Carbon Capture and Utilisation (CCU) technologies play a significant role in climate change mitigation, as these platforms aim to capture and convert CO2 that would be otherwise emitted into the atmosphere. Effective and economically sustainable technologies are crucial to support the transition to renewable and low-carbon energy sources by 2030 and beyond.Currently, studies exploring the financial viability of CCU technologies besides the joint analyses of life-cycle costs and environmental and social impacts are still limited.In this context, the study developed and validated an innovative and integrated methodology, called Life Cycle Cost and Sustainability Assessment (LCC-SA) which allows the joint assessment of (i) project life-cycle costs, (ii) socio-cultural and environmental externalities. This tool was validated with an application to an algal photobioreactors (PBRs) and allowed to assess the economic and environmental sustainability besides identifying the main critical issues to be addressed during the transition from pilot-scale plant to industrial application.The methodology's implementation estimated benefits in two main areas: (i) environmental, including CO2 removal and avoidance through biodiesel production instead of fossil-derived diesel; (ii) socio-cultural, encompassing new patents, knowledge spillovers, human capital formation, and knowledge outputs. The analysis returned as main result that the present value of the social externalities amounts to around EUR 550,000 and the present value of the costs to approximately EUR 60,000. The Economic Net Present Value (ENPV) is EUR 487,394, which shows the significance of the extra-financial effects generated by the research project. At full-scale application, environmental benefits include capturing 187 to 1867 tons of CO2 per year and avoiding 1.7 to 16.7 tons of CO2 annually through biodiesel production instead of fossil-derived diesel.

Evaluating the effect of the accelerated construction method on project life-cycle cost

Construction contributes to city development. In Egypt, many projects have been established using the accelerated construction method (ACM), and others using the traditional construction method (TCM). Their life-cycle cost (LCC) is analysed to determine the benefit–cost (BC) and determine the optimum construction method. In this paper, a comparative study between the LCCs of the ACM and TCM was carried out to improve decision making to make reasonable judgements on the economics of projects throughout their life cycle. The main question is, what is the optimum way of construction to reach the highest BC? The Mostafa El-Nahas axis in Cairo, Egypt, was studied using LCC analysis to determine the development BC by analysing the traffic impact before and after development. The cost of operating the project consists of elements including the fuel consumed in cars and the exhaust resulting from the combustion of this fuel. Amounts of money saved from operation cost by the ACM were expressed by the case study BC. The main findings were that government entities should develop guidelines establishing the maximum time for construction. According to a prior study, extending the construction time had no detrimental impact on public interest in these places. The LCC study of the project was used to estimate construction time. Guidelines should be established that specify the regions to be classified based on traffic and population and the maximum time for construction.

Public Private Partnerships (PPPs), road tolling and highway infrastructure investment in Zimbabwe

Over the last decade, developing countries have been promoting public-private partnerships (PPPs) as an alternative approach to developing infrastructure and services. This is done by utilising the efficiency and innovation of the private sector and enabling access to private-sector finance through public-private partnerships (PPP). Importantly, PPPs ensure more value for money than traditional financing options and highway and transportation infrastructure revenue sources. The study is qualitative, relied on the extensive review of written documents. In light of this, the study explores the utility and efficacy of PPPs in road tolling initiatives and highway infrastructure investment in Zimbabwe. Emphasis was placed on the PPP arrangement between the Zimbabwe National Roads Administration (ZINARA) and a South African company- Group Five, which saw road tolls being erected and operationalised to fund Zimbabwean highway infrastructure. The paper established that despite this PPP arrangement being a success, as seen by the faster completion of the trunk roads, lower project lifecycle costs, better risk allocation, faster implementation of public works and services, improved service quality and additional revenue streams a myriad of operational and administrative challenges equally dogged it. To this effect, the paper, therefore, recommends some strategies to strengthen and enhance the adoption, operationalization, and management of PPPs for road tolling and highway infrastructure investments in developing countries.

Integrated Life Cycle Cost Comparison and Environment Impact Analysis of the Concrete and Asphalt Roads

India is leveraging ingenious inventions to execute the most complex road projects in a timely and eco-friendly manner, with the additional advantage of lower project life-cycle costs. Massive road infrastructure development in the country would yield a multiplier effect on development. Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) is an important method to properly control the expenditure on the construction and maintenance of infrastructure system. It assists in figuring out a cost-effective technology to adopt during the design period of a project for a feasible pavement design. This study is an attempt to perform a detailed life-cycle cost analysis of concrete and asphalt roads. Also, the Environmental Impact Analysis (EIA) of concrete and bitumen roads are performed in terms of Green House Gases (GHGs) emissions. A 30-year analysis period is adopted for performing LCCA per km length of concrete and bitumen pavements. The Net Present Value (NPV) method is used for calculating the life-cycle cost. EIA is carried out during various phases such as raw materials sourcing, manufacturing of dense bituminous macadam and concrete, laying and maintenance of roads. The results show that the concrete roads are 20% economical than the bitumen roads in terms of LCCA carried out for a 30-year analysis period. Also, the bitumen pavement entails more energy during per year period than concrete pavement. The study of life-cycle cost indicates that the maintenance and user costs of concrete pavement are much lower as compared to bitumen pavement. LCCA and EIA study indicates that the concrete pavements may be given preference over bitumen pavements as it offers dual advantage of lowering environmental impact by reducing the volume of construction materials and lower maintenance costs with long life span.

Globalised Adoption of Knowledge Management in New Product Development: A Conceptual Framework from Project Management Perspective

The growth in new knowledge and technology has substantially increased the complexity of the projects that is strongly influencing the time, cost, and quality of the project management. Due to the volatility of the current market, the effectiveness of knowledge management (KM) could reduce the project uncertainties, project life cycle costs, and risks of new product development (NPD). Since NPD is regarded as the key to innovation due to its strong connection between the knowledge and core competence, the ways how the knowledge will be captured, created, and shared among the project teams is important to remain competitive in today's business and market competition. Hence, the modes of how they are created and shared between the project team members as well as the impact of KM towards NPD will be discussed in this paper. KM are normally created and transferred through the conversion between explicit and tacit knowledge, which can be further applied into the project management. Furthermore, the existing knowledge of the organisation can be evaluated by the actions of decision makers, hence, it is undoubted that a better knowledge can lead to measurable efficiencies in production and product development. The key success factors of KM that have been implemented will be discussed in this paper as well, which help to increase the probability of project success. Keywords: New Product Development; Project Management; Knowledge Management; Globalisation

Globalized Adoption of Knowledge Management in New Product Development: A Conceptual Framework

Objective - The article presents the concept between the relationship of knowledge management adoption in global new product development. The growth in new knowledge and technology has substantially increased the complexity of the projects that is strongly influencing the time, cost, and quality of the project management. Due to the volatility of the current market, the effectiveness of knowledge management could reduce the project uncertainties, project life cycle costs, and risks of new product development. Since new product development is regarded as the key to innovation due to its strong connection between the knowledge and core competence, the ways how the knowledge will be captured, created, and shared among the project teams is important to remain competitive in today's business and market competition. Hence, the modes of how they are created and shared between the project team members as well as the impact of knowledge management towards new product development will be discussed in this paper. knowledge management are normally created and transferred through the conversion between explicit and tacit knowledge, which can be further applied into the project management. Methodology/Technique - The paper embarks a conceptual review of present literatures which specifically address the perspectives of project management, and simultaneously explains the relationship between the knowledge management (namely knowledge creation, knowledge sharing, knowledge utilization and key success factor) and new product development. Finding - This research ascertains the conceptual framework that relate to knowledge management and new product development that contribute to increase the probability of project success in project management. Novelty - Present study aims to shed light on the existing knowledge of the organization can be evaluated by the actions of decision makers and introduce a conceptual framework that a better knowledge can lead to measurable efficiencies in production and product development. Type of Paper - Review Keywords: New product development; project management; knowledge management; globalization; competitiveness. JEL Classification: M11, O32

Gene therapy process change evaluation framework: Transient transfection and stable producer cell line comparison

As the gene therapy sector grows, decisions related to the best time to switch from the typical transient transfection expression system to more reproducible and scalable stable producer cell line (SPCL) systems have garnered much interest. This paper describes the application of a decisional tool to identify the most attractive expression system and optimal timing for the process change for four hypothetical gene therapy products based on either lentiviral (LV) or adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors using suspension culture processes. The tool comprised models to analyse the cost of goods, cost of drug development, project lifecycle cost and profitability to evaluate the major trade-offs such as the reliance on costly plasmid DNA supply with transient transfection versus the longer cell line development times with SPCL. The tool predicted that switching to SPCL early in development, with no delay to market, was the most attractive strategy from cost of drug development and project lifecycle cost perspectives for products requiring larger quantities of viral vector. If this scenario resulted in a 10-month delay to market, then the optimal solution from a profitability perspective changed to switching to SPCL post-approval or sticking with transient transfection. Scenario analyses were performed to identify critical thresholds for the plasmid DNA costs, delays to market and SPCL harvest titre values that affect the rankings of the strategies.

End-to-end continuous bioprocessing: Impact on facility design, cost of goods, and cost of development for monoclonal antibodies.

This article presents a systematic approach to evaluate the business case for continuous processing that captures trade-offs between manufacturing and development costs for monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). A decisional tool was built that integrated cost of goods (COG) with the cost of development models and new equipment sizing equations tailored to batch, hybrid, and end-to-end continuous processes. The COG analysis predicted that single-use continuous facilities (sized using a dedicated downstream processing train per bioreactor) offer more significant commercial COG savings over stainless steel batch facilities at annual demands of 100-500 kg (~35%), compared to tonnage demands of 1-3 tons (~±10%) that required multiple parallel continuous trains. Single-use batch facilities were found to compete with continuous options on COG only at 100 kg/year. For the scenarios where batch and continuous facilities offered similar COG, the analysis identified the windows of operation required to reach different COG savings with thresholds for the perfusion rate, volumetric productivity, and media cost. When considering the project lifecycle cost, the analysis indicated that while end-to-end continuous facilities may struggle to compete on development costs, they become more cost-effective than stainless steel batch facilities when considering the total out-of-pocket cost across both drug development and commercial activities.

Dynamic prediction model of bridge project life cycle cost investment based on decision tree algorithm

In order to further improve the dynamic prediction effect of bridge engineering life cycle cost, a life cycle cost prediction model of bridge engineering is established by using decision tree algorithm, and the influence coefficient of bridge engineering characteristics on cost is analyzed by data acquisition method. After analysis, the project characteristics which have great influence on the cost of bridge engineering are determined. The decision tree algorithm is used to establish the dynamic prediction model of bridge engineering life cycle cost; through MATLAB software, a good bridge cost prediction model is gradually established, and the model is trained, modified and verified according to the actual engineering data. The dynamic prediction model of life cycle cost investment of bridge engineering is established by using decision tree algorithm, which effectively improves the prediction accuracy and has strong practicability.

INSTALLATION INNOVATION FOR FLOATING OFFSHORE WIND

Floating offshore wind turbines are an emerging technology with notable prototype and demonstration projects being installed in recent years. Future floating wind farms enable the access to significant new wind resources in expanses of water too deep for conventional, bottom-fixed farms. Spar, barge, TLP and semisubmersible types have been deployed as demonstration units. Pre commercial units have been installed off the coasts of Portugal and the East Coast of Scotland. This paper discusses naval architecture requirements for the temporary conditions of construction, ocean transport and installation. The requirements of Marine Warranty Surveyor guidelines for temporary conditions and the Classification Society requirements during the temporary phase are also taken into account. It is expected that major offshore maintenance will be carried out on floating offshore wind turbines by towing them back to more sheltered port locations. This paper is a literature and guideline review with additional information on intact stability during the tow to the offshore location. Thus, marine operations play a pivotal role throughout all phases of a floating wind farm’s life cycle. In particular, uncertainties associated with offshore installation work can extend construction schedules and increase the capital expenditure required for the project. This paper will be of interest to researchers and practitioners in the floating wind sector, considering innovative installation methods as a means to reduce overall project lifecycle cost.

Project cost control using five dimensions building information modelling

Correctness level of data is the key of the construction industry success. Today, there is a novel widespread tool in construction sector which is building information modelling (BIM). BIM assists as a collective intelligence supply for data about a service and improves closeness among distinct stakeholder concerned in a project. The usual problems confronted by construction sector are cost increasing and schedule delays. BIM will certainly assist to reduce these circumstances. This article used a case study to show how the applying of BIM systems on a full construction project life cycle cost can decrease project budgets and enhance project time. Moreover, it is going to focus on integrating the traditional 4D BIM (project schedule) and the cost of every project item to form 5D BIM. This will simplify several cost associated actions such as controlling the construction project cost. At the end of this study, it is found out that the variance between planned costs and actual costs decreased from 12% to 5% when 5D BIM is used instead of traditional methods. Therefore, accurate cost estimates and clash finding are the useful outcomes of 5D BIM.

The classification of construction waste material using a deep convolutional neural network

The management of Construction and Demolition Waste (C&DW) is complex and adds significantly to the overall life cycle cost of projects. On site waste sorting using technologies that automatically identify different materials has the potential to assist in classifying C&DW and reduce costs. The aim of this research was to design and describe a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) to identify 7 typical C&DW classifications (both single and mixed disposal) using digital images of waste deposited in a construction site bin (artefact). This approach emulated authentic construction site scenarios where on-site sorting is difficult. A novel design science methodology was used. The experiments delivered 94% accuracy, classifying both single and mixed C&DW. This accuracy is important on projects where on-site sorting is attempted, as in practice bin contamination escalates project costs and reduces C&DW diversion from landfill. To illustrate potential of the research the innovative artefact is incorporated within a hypothetical case study describing its use in a circular C&DW business model.

Application of Multiple Regression and Artificial Neural Networks as Tools for Estimating Duration and Life Cycle Cost of Projects

Project managers face complex challenges when planning project stages because contract durations and project costs are difficult to predict accurately. The purpose of this study is to investigate statistical tools and concepts that can be integrated in the second phase of the project life cycle: the planning stage. Furthermore, this study aims to compare the accuracy of multiple regression and artificial neural network models, as well as the application of simulation in construction models used in predicting project duration and cost. This paper will also discuss the industry's current estimation methods, the use of statistical approaches, simulation, and the relationship between the application statistical tools and project success. Thus, this review identifies the trending statistical tools used by scholars to develop regression and neural models to solve the complexity of cost and duration estimation. The findings indicate that although the industry needs more accurate predictions and estimating tools, and regardless of the investigations and advancements made with integrating statistical tools, implementing these statistical approaches is faced with barriers.

LIFE CYCLE COST ANALYSIS OF A PBC PILOT PROJECT FOR ROAD IN INDONESIA

Implementation of Performance-based Contracts (PBC) for road maintenance in Indonesia still requires various studies, especially related to potential long-term cost efficiencies that can be achieved by the road agencies by shifting the application of traditional contracts to PBC. This study assesses the effectiveness of PBC compared to traditional contract implementation based on a case study on one of the PBC pilot projects in Indonesia. The effectiveness of the PBC reviews in terms of project life cycle cost efficiency was calculated. LCC calculations were conducted by considering the influence of the length of contracted road, the initial conditions of contracted road, and the duration of PBC project. The LCC calculation shows that the implementation of PBC generally has the potential to generate LCC efficiency compared to the traditional contract. This study also proved that the implementation of PBC can guarantee the performance of road services during multi-year contracts and also provide other benefits for the road agency and road users.
 ABSTRAK: Pelaksanaan Kontrak Berasaskan Prestasi (PBC) bagi penyelenggaraan jalan di Indonesia masih memerlukan pelbagai kajian, terutama berkaitan potensi keberkesanan perbelanjaan jangka panjang yang dapat dicapai oleh pihak agensi jalan dengan mengalihkan penerapan kontrak tradisional ke PBC. Kajian ini menilai keberkesanan PBC berbanding dengan pelaksanaan kontrak tradisional berdasarkan kajian kes pada salah satu projek perintis PBC di Indonesia. Keberkesanan ulasan PBC ini adalah dari segi kecekapan kos kitaran hayat projek. Pengiraan LCC dilakukan dengan mempertimbangkan pengaruh panjang jalan yang dikontrak, keadaan awal jalan terkontrak, dan jangka waktu projek PBC. Pengiraan LCC menunjukkan bahawa pelaksanaan PBC secara amnya berpotensi untuk menghasilkan kecekapan LCC berbanding dengan kontrak tradisional. Kajian ini juga membuktikan bahawa pelaksanaan PBC dapat menjamin prestasi perkhidmatan jalan selama kontrak multi-tahun dan juga memberi manfaat lain untuk agensi jalan dan pengguna jalan raya.

Risk Assessment of Ex-Post Transaction Cost in Construction Projects Using Structural Equation Modeling

The transaction cost (TC) escalation is the pervasive problem in the construction industry, which is continuously a threat to maintaining the life cycle cost of projects. Researchers have described the reality of risk for economic transactions. This study has taken the risk as a phenomenon to explore its influence on ex-post TC in construction projects. A questionnaire survey was undertaken from industry professionals to assess the risk of ex-post TC escalation in public-sector construction projects. In total, 475 surveys were conducted in Pakistan and used in the analysis. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) and the measurement and structural model was validated to determine the influence of risk on ex-post TC. The final SEM results show that internal and external risk, including sub hypothesized risks, positively influence TC. The weight of relative importance shows technical risk (23.82%) and environmental risk (22.88%) as significant sub-contributors from internal and external sources, respectively. This study recommends substantial investment in human capacity development to reduce the deficiencies in the ex-ante phase of the projects that help to reduce the risk of ex-post TC escalation. It also suggests the adoption of strict policies on contingency claims, and recommends nontraditional ways of monitoring to overcome the risk of ex-post TC. This study’s results provide valuable information for industry professionals and practitioners to maintain life cycle costs as a contribution to sustainable construction.

Selection of Energy Efficiency Projects for Dwelling Stock to Achieve Optimal Project Portfolio at the Regional Level by Applying LCC. An Analysis Based on Three Scenarios in the South-Muntenia Region of Romania

The joint action of the European directives and the national strategies make the issue of energy efficiency of the dwelling stock one of the main research directions in the field. The purpose of this study is to create and apply a methodology for developing the portfolio of projects to increase the energy efficiency of the dwelling stock at a regional level through the use of life cycle cost. For this, eight types of energy efficiency improvement projects and three implementation scenarios were selected for the dwelling stock. For each project life cycle cost was determined in each county of the South-Muntenia region based on the estimation of the energy requirements, the costs of implementation and exploitation. In all three scenarios, the P3 Energy Efficiency Project (the reference building without shutters under the Romanian normative) had minimal life cycle cost in most counties in the region. For each scenario the life cycle cost was determined for the optimal portfolio of projects at regional level. The maximum scenario was chosen as the optimal scenario for regional implementation.

Minimizing Construction Emissions Using Building Information Modeling and Decision-Making Techniques

The construction industry is regarded as a major contributor to environmental emissions, due to extensive usage of resources and the waste products produced. This article presents a building information modeling (BIM)-based model that is capable of measuring six types of emissions for different activities of construction projects. The paper investigates eight multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques for ranking alternatives based on project time; project life cycle cost; project environmental impact; and primary energy consumed by different activities. Three group decision- making techniques are performed to provide consensus and final ranking of alternatives. The Monte Carlo simulation is implemented in order to account for the discrepancy in the calculation of greenhouse gases produced from buildings. Also, a case study of academic buildings is introduced in order to demonstrate the practical features of the proposed model.

REKAYASA NILAI PEMBUATAN TERHADAP WAKTU DAN SPESIFIKASI PEKERJA PADA PEMBANGUNAN PERUMAHAN PESONA TUGU RANTE RESIDENCE TYPE 45 KABUPATEN BLITAR

due torecent economic situation, contractors have een required to be able to minimize cost and the same time to also maintain the quality of the project. One of the methods that can be apllied as an alternative to achieve it is value engineering. The aim of this studyis to apply this method in a construction project. The construction project ofHousing development in charm tugu rante type 45 residence district blitar Rp 99,792,000.00Value engineering method consist of 4 ( five ) phases. It covers information phase, which contains of identification of the high-cost work and the unnecessary cost ( function analysis ); creative phase; analyzing phase which includes the selection of alternative dealing with the analysis of its benefit and cost, it project life cycle cost and the selection of alternatives by using AHP method; and Recommendation phase.By implementing thismethod,the project cost can be minimized in 5 area of wark,woll work Rp1,902,459,wall strucco work Rp3,941,693,the work of the faundotion stone,soil excavation Rp211,616,excavation work Rp782,012,ceramic work Rp294,775. Thus total reduction cost that be achieved by using this method is upto

REKAYASA NILAI PEMBUATAN TERHADAP WAKTU DAN SPESIFIKASI PEKERJA PADA PEMBANGUNAN PERUMAHAN PESONA TUGU RANTE RESIDENCE TYPE 45 KABUPATEN BLITAR

due torecent economic situation, contractors have een required to be able to minimize cost and the same time to also maintain the quality of the project. One of the methods that can be apllied as an alternative to achieve it is value engineering. The aim of this studyis to apply this method in a construction project. The construction project ofHousing development in charm tugu rante type 45 residence district blitar Rp 99,792,000.00Value engineering method consist of 4 ( five ) phases. It covers information phase, which contains of identification of the high-cost work and the unnecessary cost ( function analysis ); creative phase; analyzing phase which includes the selection of alternative dealing with the analysis of its benefit and cost, it project life cycle cost and the selection of alternatives by using AHP method; and Recommendation phase.By implementing thismethod,the project cost can be minimized in 5 area of wark,woll work Rp1,902,459,wall strucco work Rp3,941,693,the work of the faundotion stone,soil excavation Rp211,616,excavation work Rp782,012,ceramic work Rp294,775. Thus total reduction cost that be achieved by using this method is upto

Cost management for waste to energy systems using life cycle costing approach: A case study from China

This study is the first systemic cost investigation using the life cycle cost (LCC) method to analyse a municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration power plant project in China. In this study, LCC is divided into acquisition cost, maintenance cost, fault cost, and operating cost. Considering the time value of each cost, a model based on the LCC theory is established and three indexes are introduced to evaluate the MSW incineration power project, including the loan repayment period, the dynamic investment payback period, and a performance indicator. For a 12 MW MSW incineration power plant project, each cost and index are investigated under the designed runtime of 5500 h and a sensitivity analysis is performed to measure the impacts of main factors on the cost assessment results, including the annual operating hours, the government subsidies, the social discount rate, inflation rate and interest rate. The results show that the MSW project's LCC and total revenue are approximately 588 × 106 CNY and 746 × 106 CNY, resulting in an LCC performance indicator of 1.270 relative to the revenue; the acquisition cost comprises the maximum proportion of approximately 50% of the LCC, and the electricity price subsidy for utilising energy from waste (EFW) technology accounts for the largest proportion of approximately 30% of all subsidies; the loan repayment period and dynamic investment payback period are 9 and 15 years, respectively. The sensitivity analysis indicates that the variations in annual operating hours, the subsidy for disposing MSW, and the electricity price for utilising EFW technology have significant effects on the costs and indexes when compared with those of the social discount rate, inflation rate and interest rate; and that the increased acquisition cost and operating cost for denitration system may be offset by an increase in electricity subsidy by up to 0.013 CNY/kW h.