Prohibition Of Use Research Articles

Challenges in designing a randomized, double-blind noninferiority trial for treatment of acne: The SD-ACNE trial.

Excessive use of antibiotics has led to development of antibiotic resistance and other antibiotic-associated complications. Dermatologists prescribe more antibiotics per clinician than any other major specialty, with much of this use for acne. Alternative acne treatments are available but are used much less often than antibiotics, at least partially because dermatologists feel that they are less effective. Spironolactone, a hormonal therapy with antiandrogen effects that can address the hormonal pathogenesis of acne, may represent a therapeutic alternative to oral antibiotics for women with acne. However, the comparative effects of spironolactone and oral antibiotics in the treatment of acne have not been definitively studied. The Spironolactone versus Doxycycline for Acne: A Comparative Effectiveness, Noninferiority Evaluation (SD-ACNE) trial aims to answer whether spironolactone, in addition to standard topical therapy, is noninferior to doxycycline (an oral antibiotic) for women with acne. Several interesting challenges arose in the development of this study, including determining acceptability of the comparative regimens to participating dermatologists, identifying data to support a noninferiority margin, and establishing a process for unblinding participants after they completed the study while maintaining the blind for study investigators. We present the scientific and clinical rationale for the decisions made in the design of the trial, including input from key stakeholders through a Delphi consensus process. The Spironolactone versus Doxycycline for Acne: A Comparative Effectiveness, Noninferiority Evaluation trial (NCT04582383) is being conducted at a range of community and academic sites in the United States. To maximize external validity and inform clinical practice, the study is designed with broad eligibility criteria and no prohibition of use of topical medications. Participants in the trial will be randomized to receive either spironolactone 100 mg/day or doxycycline hyclate 100 mg/day for 16 weeks. The primary outcome is the absolute decrease in inflammatory lesion count, and we have established a noninferiority margin of four inflammatory lesions. Secondary outcomes include the percentage of participants achieving Investigator Global Assessment success, change in quality of life, and microbiome changes and diversity. The Spironolactone versus Doxycycline for Acne: A Comparative Effectiveness, Noninferiority Evaluation trial will have substantial implications for the treatment of acne and antibiotic stewardship. In addition, this study will provide important information on the effect of these systemic agents on the development of changes to the microbiome and antibiotic resistance in a healthy population of patients.

Weaving feathers of intangible and tangible knowledge: Historical records and human‐bird interactions in the Marquesas Islands

AbstractBirds fulfilled an essential role in ancient Polynesian cultures. They were prized for their bones and colourful feathers, fat, and protein; their cultural importance is further highlighted in Polynesian oral histories. This research investigates the dynamics of human‐bird interactions over time in the Marquesas Archipelago as known from archaeology, oral histories, ethnohistorical records, and museum collections. I analyse the range of avian taxa represented across the various datasets and their cultural uses. The results demonstrate that while some species are represented across one or more datasets, understanding the full extent of species’ cultural roles and use requires more than one thread of analysis, particularly for those taxa with limited or no archaeological signature. Two forms of managed resource use emerge from this study. One is tapu (prohibition of use), and the second is the conservative use of birds as a resource such as restricted feather collecting. Red feathers, represented in museum objects and historical accounts, highlight multiple taxa being used for specific adornment types. The combined analyses provide insights into the loss and persistence of species, as well as aspects of Marquesan cultural management.

Health alerts for substandard, falsified, and unregistered medical products at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in the AmericasAlertas de saúde para produtos médicos abaixo do padrão, falsificados e não registrados no início da pandemia de COVID-19 nas Américas

Identify and analyze incidents of substandard, falsified, unregistered, and stolen medical products at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Detailed search of the websites of regulatory authorities in the Americas. Identification of incidents of substandard, falsified, unregistered, and stolen medicines and medical devices (including in vitro diagnostics). The types of products were determined, as were the stages in the supply chain where they were detected, and the actions taken by authorities. A total of 1 273 incidents were identified in 15 countries (1 087 substandard, 44 falsified, 123 unregistered, and 19 stolen products). The largest number of incidents involved medical devices, disinfectants, and antiseptics. The most frequently reported point in the supply chain was online purchasing. The principal measures taken by the regulatory authorities were: alerts, prohibition of use, prohibition of advertising and manufacture, recall, and monitoring of adverse events. A substantial number of incidents involving substandard, falsified, unregistered, and stolen medical products at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic were identified. Shortages of supplies, easing of regulatory requirements, and increased demand are factors that may have led to an increase in the number of incidents. The national regulatory authorities of reference reported more frequent detection of incidents and more frequent application of health measures. A regulatory strategy is needed in order to address online sales and ensure the safe distribution of medical products.

Evolving Legal Frameworks in International Law: The Prohibition of Use of Force

Evolving Legal Frameworks in International Law: The Prohibition of Use of Force

The influence of methylene blue and malachite green on common carp (Cyprinus carpio) blood parameters

Methylene blue (MB) and malachite green (MG) are pharmaceuticals which were used in aquaculture to treat fish diseases for many years. Nowadays, they are prohibited in many countries but illegal use is still reported. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of these agents on blood parameters of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) juveniles. The fish were exposed for 7 or 14 days to therapeutic concentrations of the tested drugs (2 mg/l in the case of MB and 0.2 mg/l in the case of MG). The results indicate that fish treated with MB or MG showed inflammatory state and anaemic response (slight in the case of MG). Moreover, increased erythropoiesis was observed in MB-treated fish. The results of the present study indicate that the tested pharmaceuticals at therapeutic concentrations are toxic to common carp juveniles. MB turned out to be more toxic than MG. Therefore, we advise against their use in the above-mentioned concentrations (even if the legislation of a given country allows it). In our opinion, the prohibition of use of the mentioned substances in the case of fish intended for human consumption seems to be justified.

Remote monitoring support services for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities

AbstractWhile remote monitoring supports have many benefits and the use of remote supports for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) is increasing, they are a relatively new technology for IDD service provision and yet to be widely available. However, during the COVID‐19 pandemic, there was a rapid uptake in technology in Home and Community‐Based Services (HCBS) for people with IDD, including the expansion of telehealth and remote supports. The aim of this study was to examine if, and, how, remote monitoring support services were provided to people with IDD in HCBS across the United States in fiscal year (FY) 2021. To do so, we analyzed Medicaid HCBS 1915(c) waivers for people with IDD. In FY 2021, 10 states (22.22%) provided remote support services to people with IDD through 19 HCBS waivers (17.76%); they provided a total of 36 different remote monitoring services. A total of $22.4 million was allocated for remote support services for 3039 people with IDD. We found states often provided remote support services to people with IDD in HCBS to promote independence, health, and welfare, and reduce and/or replace services. States implemented a number of rules and requirements to help keep people with IDD safe while remote support services were being used, including informed consent, encryption, emergency backup plans, and the prohibition of use in private spaces. Further attention to remote supports in HCBS is necessary to ensure that people with IDD who want to utilize these services are able to do so.

A Study among the Vendors Near Selected Educational Institutes in Chandigarh, India on Awareness of Cigarette and Other Tobacco Product Act, 2003 (COTPA)

Introduction: Cigarettes are the only legal consumer products in the world that cause one-half of their long-term users to die prematurely. As this epidemic continues to take its toll in the United States, it is also increasing in low- and middle-income countries that are least able to afford the resulting health and economic consequences. Aim: To see the awareness of Cigarette and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA), 2003 in selected Educational Institution in Chandigarh. Methodology: Chandigarh was the area chosen to study the to see the awareness of Cigarettes and other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA), 2003 in Chandigarh. A Cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2018 to May 2018 to study the awareness of Cigarettes and other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA), 2003 in Chandigarh. A Self-structured questionnaire was used for collecting information on Cigarettes and other Tobacco Products Act, (COTPA) 2003. Results: Our study revealed that selling of Tobacco products to Minor then 56% respondents out of total accepted that there is selling of Tobacco products to Minor but 44% did not accept so. 40% respondents out of total accepted that there is selling of Tobacco products by Minor but 60% did not accept so. 53% respondents hold the opinion that the current level of enforcement of pictorial health warning on Tobacco products can motivate people to quit tobacco use. 47% respondents opined that the current level of enforcement of pictorial health warning on Tobacco products cannot motivate people to quit tobacco use and according to the result majority of respondents believed that current level of enforcement of pictorial health warning on Tobacco products can motivate people to quit tobacco use Conclusion: It can be concluded that majority of respondents (70%) are aware about the Cigarettes and other Tobacco products Act, 2003 as they know that there is law regarding prohibition of use of Cigarette and Tobacco product but 30% respondents were not aware about the COTPA Act, (2003).

Языковая политика и языковой конфликт в современном российском обществе

Introduction. The problem of the state of national (native) languages ​​is one of the most urgent, because modern information society and the specifics of its development have contributed to appearance of a completely different model of language behavior and language consciousness. Theoretical justification. The language issue is acutely manifested in multi-ethnic education, because multilingualism requires the definition of the language of interethnic communication. The language problem was actualized in the post-Soviet period in combination with national problems and the growth of national self-consciousness, the designation by ethnical leaders of the vector of preserving ethno-cultural identity. At the same time, any problem in Russian society unjustifiably had an ethnic connotation. Among a lot of ethnic problems, the language one takes a special place, because the stable development of any society depends on the state of the national language, the attitude towards it, its status. The infringement of the national language, it is ignoring, prohibition of use forms intolerant attitudes in society. An important role in resolving the language issue should be played by language policy, which should fully take into account ethnic interests of all national entities, avoid infringing on the language rights of speakers of a particular language. Only the targeted implementation of the measures laid down in the language policy will make it possible to prevent the emergence of a language conflict, otherwise interethnic conflicts may arise under slogans of protecting the native (national) language, which can destabilize the interethnic sphere as a whole. Methods. An empirical research was conducted in 2021 by random selection. The object of the research is the urban population. The subject of the research is the language consciousness and language behavior of the urban population of Dagestan. Location of the survey – cities Derbent, Kaspiysk, Makhachkala, Khasavyurt, Kizlyar. The basis for including these cities in the sample of the study is the territorial parameter, which allows to cover the northern, plain and southern administrative entities evenly. N = 563. Results and its discussion. The analysis of the language policy in modern Russian society shows that this survey is one of the most relevant, because against the backdrop of an aggravation in the interethnic sphere, one of the factors that worsened the situation was precisely the status of national languages. Basic provisions. – the conducted research shows the dominance of the Russian language as the language of interethnic communication in the language behavior of the surveyed urban population; this fact testifies to the transformation of the language consciousness of the townspeople; – native language is mainly used by respondents in intra-family communication, while in an interethnic family it is practically not used for objective reasons. – the main informative sources for the surveyed population are publications in Russian, while there is no demand for publications in national languages. However, it should be noted that the decrease in the weight of publications in native languages ​​is due to the fact that electronic media prevail over print publications; – revealed inconsistency and inconsistency in the language behavior of the urban population: declaring the value of the national language is not consistent with their language preference.

Impact of COVID‐19 on wild meat trade in Nigerian markets

Impact of <scp>COVID</scp>‐19 on wild meat trade in Nigerian markets

Takhrij and Syarah Hadith of Chemistry: Use of Alcohol as a Solvent in Cough Medicine

The purpose of this research is to discuss the hadith of the Prophet. about the prohibition of using alcohol. This research method is qualitative through the approach of takhrij and sharah hadith with chemical analysis. The results and discussion of this study are about the negative impact, prohibition of use and differences in alcohol and alcohol. The conclusion of takhrij and sharah hadith with chemical analysis is the prohibition of the use of alcohol in food and drugs in doses that can be intoxicating. This study recommends developing a cough medicine without alcohol through the chemical field.

Regulating the Market of Food Additives: World and Domestic Experience

The paper analyzes the domestic and foreign market of food additives and the risks associated with dietary supplements. Using research materials by world companies, the authors describe the main directions for regulating this market in developed countries. Nutritional supplements are located between food and pharmaceutical products. They are designed to treat acute malnutrition or specific dietary problems. The main share of food additives is distributed through pharmacies. Only one-third is provided through direct sales and other channels. The content of food additives must be strictly regulated at the state level and meet the standards of composition, purity, and safety. The international regulation of the food additives market is based on compliance with the Codex Alimentarius International Food Regulations (a set of averages). In some countries, the principle is established by national standards and laws. The purpose of the regulation is to distribute food additives that meet market standards and avoid significant risks (quality problems, health problems, climate change, and unethical behavior). The production and sale of food additives require strict control over product labeling, analysis of the composition, warning of side effects (prohibition of use), effectiveness (utility), and distribution channels.

Exceptions to Prohibition of Use of Force in UN Charter

Exceptions to Prohibition of Use of Force in UN Charter

Kebijakan Hukum Pidana Terhadap Pertanggung Jawaban Pidana Penguasaan Tanah Tanpa Hak Sebagai Tindak Pidana Ringan (Studi Pengadilan Negeri Lubuk Pakam)

Criminal legal arrangements regarding liability for land tenure without rights are found in the provisions of Article 6 paragraph (1) jo. Article 2 of Law No. 51 / PRP / 1960 concerning Prohibition of Use of Land without a Right of Permit or Proxy, Article 167 of the Criminal Code, Article 385 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code. Factors causing land ownership without rights are: Lack of community legal awareness and lack of community legal knowledge. The criminal law policy on criminal liability for control of land without rights as a minor crime is in the form of a penalty in which the perpetrators of the criminal act of controlling land without rights can be submitted to court on the basis of committing criminal acts in the form of violations and in the form of non-penal actions in the form of mediation between the mastering actors land without rights with the right owner.

PNS146 WHAT APPROACH SHOULD BE TAKEN IN ORDER TO EFFECTIVELY MANAGE BEHAVIORAL HEALTH RISK FACTORS? A CONSENSUS PANEL ANALYSIS FOR GREECE

To assess which modifiable health risk factors should be the priorities of health policy and which management approaches would be most feasible and effective in the Greek environment. A digital delphi panel was conducted, consisting of experts in healthcare and health policy, seeking convergence with the use of a close-end questionnaire. The risk factors prioritized in the study were: road safety, physical activity, dietary risks, smoking, alcohol consumption, unsafe sexual behavior, obesity and substance use. Additionally, various health policy measures were assessed on terms of effectiveness and importance for each risk factor. Overall, 23 health professionals participated in the panel. Regarding prioritization, smoking ranked first (9.45/10), followed by obesity (8.35/10) and dietary risks (8.00/10), while unsafe sexual behavior ranked last (5.16/10). Current health policy for the selected risk factors was assessed ineffective, since road safety policy ranked first with 2.48/5, while health policy on obesity ranked last at 1.37/5. Sin taxes on products related to the selected risk factors were assessed quite effective by the panel, as higher taxation on sugary beverages gathered the highest score of 3.95/5, while VAT increase in red meat gathered the lowest score of 2.86/5. Regarding individual measures for each risk factor, prohibition of use in public spaces ranked as the most important measure for the management of smoking (9.22/10), expansion of sport facilities for the promotion of physical activity (8.65/10), while health promotion ranked as the most important approach for the management of alcohol consumption (9.18/10), dietary risks (9.09/10), obesity (8.70/10), substance use (8.64/10) and road safety (8.86/10). Based on the results, effective health policy for the management of the main behavioral risk factors is yet to be achieved. Health promotion and sin taxes are considered the most efficient approach to be utilized in health policies for the management of behavioral risk factors.

Residual quantification and oxidative stress induced by malachite green after subacute and sublethal exposure in red tilapia.

Background and Aim:Malachite green (MG) is an effective antiparasitic and antifungal chemical for treatment of fish. However, MG is reported to be a potential carcinogen. Yet, it is widely used in aquaculture despite its prohibition for use in food-producing animals by the EU and USFDA. The present study quantified MG residues and evaluated the oxidative stress in red tilapia when exposed to subacute and sublethal concentrations of MG.Materials and Methods:Red tilapia exposed to subacute (0.105 mg/L for 20 days) and sublethal (0.053 mg/L for 60 days) concentrations were evaluated for total plasma protein, total immunoglobulin, nitroblue tetrazolium activity, malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione (GSH), and catalase (CAT) activity levels. The residues of MG and leuco-MG (LMG) were also quantified in the fish muscles using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.Results:Fish exposed to subacute concentration showed higher CAT on day 10 in the liver and days 5 and 15 in the spleen, whereas in fish exposed to the sublethal concentration, higher levels of GSH were observed on day 1 in the kidney and day 50 in the spleen. Fish muscle was able to accumulate the sum of MG and LMG of 108.04 µg/kg for subacute (day 20) and 82.68 µg/kg for sublethal (day 60).Conclusion:This study showed that red tilapia was able to adapt to the stress caused by exposure to MG at sublethal concentration.

국제법상 환경보호를 위한 핵무기 규제에 관한 연구

In view of past historical experiences, there have been growing concerns that the development, use and proliferation of nuclear weapons can cause widespread and severe damage to the global environment, in spite of differences in the perceptions of environmental risks of nuclear weapons depending on the time period and situation. Thus, the proliferation and use of nuclear weapons has long been one of the major issues in the international community, including environmental aspects. As a result, international legal regulations have been attempted for the manufacture, production, acquisition, possession, transportation, deployment, stockpiling, tests and use of nuclear weapons through multilateral treaties, including international environmental law, and the issue was subjected to judicial judgment by the International Court of Justice (ICJ).BR In light of the potential danger of environmental destruction and damage caused by nuclear weapons, which is more severe and massive than by any other conventional weapons, regulation of nuclear weapons for environmental protection is recognized as a major task in modern international law. The traditional approach to nuclear weapon regulation has been primarily discussed in connection with national security, the prohibition of use of force, nuclear disarmament, and the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons, partially establishing relevant international norms in the respective fields.BR However, comprehensive regulation is still a long way off through the traditional approach. In addition, as ICJ indicated in its 1996 advisory opinion, this approach is somewhat inappropriate in obtaining a clear answer as to whether there is an international legal obligation to protect the environment from nuclear weapons, whether in peace or at war. Moreover, it is still questioned whether current international norms on nuclear weapon regulation can be an effective international legal basis for environmental protection.BR The author, based on this perception, reviewed the main relevant provisions of major international treaties in the fields of nuclear disarmament and denuclearization (Chapter Ⅱ), international humanitarian law (Chapter Ⅲ), and multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) (Chapter Ⅳ), which have been discussed as the influential legal basis to regulate nuclear weapons for the environmental protection in international law, and respectively analyzed their effectiveness as well. Through these discussions, from the perspective of ‘environmental protection’ in the non-ideological and non-political points of view, the author looks forward to being able to provide helpful motives to establish regional and/or global legal regime to not only protect the global environment, but also realize genuine humanitarianism and human rights protection by permanently removing nuclear weapons and achieving denuclearization on the Korean Peninsula.

Penyidikan Terhadap Tindak Pidana Penyalahgunaan Izin Lokasi

Investigation This research has the aim of investigating and investigating a series of actions in terms of and in a way that will be stipulated in the law to find and gather evidence with evidence that makes minor violations occur and to determine suspects. This research is analytical descriptive with a normative juridical approach, using library materials (secondary material) or library law research that is broadly addressed to: research the principles of law, research on legal systematics, research on law synchronization, research on legal history and research against legal comparison. The results and discussion found that the location permit was issued by the Medan City Integrated Licensing Services Agency after obtaining the minutes of land technical considerations issued by the Medan City Land Office. The location permit is based on the Minister of Agrarian and Spatial Planning / Head of the National Land Agency Number 5 of 2015 concerning Location Permit. The form of abuse of the location permit holder is to release the land area not to the actual rights holder but to an unauthorized third party, namely the cultivating community, which subsequently the location permit holder controls and manages the land. (Law Number 51 PRP of 1960 Article 6 Concerning Prohibition of Use of Land Without a Right or Authorized Authority).

Penyerobotan Tanah Secara Tidak Sah Dalam Perspektif Pidana

Land of is a very valuable asset, given the price of land is very stable and continue to rise along with the times. Unauthorized land grabbing can harm anyone even more so if the land is used for business purposes. Annexation of land by a person or group of people against another people's land can be interpreted as an act of mastering, occupy or take over someone else's land unlawfully, against the right, or in violation of applicable laws. Therefore, such actions may be sued under civil law or prosecuted under criminal law. Provisions in criminal law contained in Section 363, 365, 167 and 389, 170, 406, 412, 263, 264, 266 as Lex Generalis later in Article 2 of Law No. 51 PRP of 1960 on the Prohibition of Use of Land Without Permission Eligible or the attorney as Lex Specialist.

35. Laser in neurosurgery: Critical issues in security management

Purpose Safe use of LASER in Neurosurgery. Methods The Neurosurgery Department of Niguarda Hospital has recently acquired a class 4 LASER, with a wavelength of 2010 nm, for the resection of brain tumors. This high-technological device represents a great innovation for neurosurgeons with remarkable improvements in the operating mechanisms but it requires, at the same time, a particular attention in the choice of the other tools, such as endoscopes and microscopes. The protection of the operator’s eyes during surgery is particularly critical. Protection glasses, provided to the whole staff, interfere with the usual procedure of the neurosurgeon who keeps his eye in contact with the eyepiece. A possible option could be the introduction of a protective lens within the microscope optics, as in ophthalmology LASERs. We tried to solve the problem on our own. Results The introduction of this LASER brought to the prohibition of use with some particular tools and to the need of modify other devices. The microscope in Niguarda’s Neurosurgery Department is the mod. M530 produced by Leica. The LASER attenuation required to the lens for a safe use has been calculated, taking into account the need to visualize the pointing laser and the markers, necessary for the identification of the tumor mass. Since the microscope optics does not guarantee this protection, a system has been designed to hold an additional lens with the required protection on the microscope. Conclusions In order to provide a safe use of the new LASER, the staff has been equipped with specific protective glasses and the use of the disposable endoscope has been forbidden. The designed system is put into production and the use will be evaluated by the neurosurgeons. Safe use of LASER in Neurosurgery. The Neurosurgery Department of Niguarda Hospital has recently acquired a class 4 LASER, with a wavelength of 2010 nm, for the resection of brain tumors. This high-technological device represents a great innovation for neurosurgeons with remarkable improvements in the operating mechanisms but it requires, at the same time, a particular attention in the choice of the other tools, such as endoscopes and microscopes. The protection of the operator’s eyes during surgery is particularly critical. Protection glasses, provided to the whole staff, interfere with the usual procedure of the neurosurgeon who keeps his eye in contact with the eyepiece. A possible option could be the introduction of a protective lens within the microscope optics, as in ophthalmology LASERs. We tried to solve the problem on our own. The introduction of this LASER brought to the prohibition of use with some particular tools and to the need of modify other devices. The microscope in Niguarda’s Neurosurgery Department is the mod. M530 produced by Leica. The LASER attenuation required to the lens for a safe use has been calculated, taking into account the need to visualize the pointing laser and the markers, necessary for the identification of the tumor mass. Since the microscope optics does not guarantee this protection, a system has been designed to hold an additional lens with the required protection on the microscope. In order to provide a safe use of the new LASER, the staff has been equipped with specific protective glasses and the use of the disposable endoscope has been forbidden. The designed system is put into production and the use will be evaluated by the neurosurgeons.

Analysis of Heavy Metals in Pigments Used in Makeup Tattoo

Background/Objectives: This study aims to provide basic material to establish safety sign standard and control standard of cosmetic tattoo pigment by analyzing heavy metal component of pigment used in cosmetic tattoo.Methods/Statistical analysis: The experiment analyzed heavy metal such as antimony(Sb), cobalt(Co), copper(Cu), lead(Pb), zinc(Zn), barium(Ba), tin(Sn) included in regulated item by applying safety standard of prohibition of use or content restriction of hazardous material since September 26, 2015 in accordance with “Act on Registration, Evaluation, Etc. of Chemical” simplemented by the Environment department on June 26, 2015.Findings: As a result of examining the contents of heavy metals in dyes and pigments used in cosmetic tattoo products, it was found that the total of 5products exceeded the reference value and found to be unsuitable for safety standards.Improvements/Applications: it requires marking of detailed compound ingredient and guidelines. There is a need for micro content analysis using precise measuring tool in the future.