Progressive Muscular Relaxation Research Articles

Reduced Blood Glucose Levels in Diabetic Patients After Using a Combination of Progressive Muscle Relaxation (Pro-Mure) and Slow Deep Breathing Exercises (SD-Bex)

Background: One of the causes of diabetes mellitus is a person's lifestyle, namely their level of physical inactivity. So, to avoid complications, persons with diabetes mellitus require both pharmaceutical and non-pharmacological treatments to lower blood glucose values. Finding out if people with diabetes mellitus might reduce their blood glucose levels by combining a technique that involved slow deep breathing and progressive muscular relaxation was the primary goal of the research. Methods: This study is quasi-experimental because it uses a control group design with pre- and post-tests. The number of respondents is 34, and the method of sampling is purposive sampling. Twenty to twenty-five minutes of a combination of progressive muscle relaxation (Pro-Mure) and slow deep breathing exercises (SD-Bex) were administered to the experimental group, while the control group received the usual course of intervention. Values of blood glucose levels were the dependent variable. With a p-value of less than 0.05, the study used the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test to compare outcomes before and after treatment and the Mann-Whitney test to compare the experimental group to the control group. Results: We found that the intervention group's blood glucose value was 0.001 and the control group's was 0.025. A p-value of 0.001 was found on the value of blood glucose levels between the experimental group and the control group as a result of the study utilising the Mann-Whitney test. Conclusion: Those suffering from diabetes mellitus can find relief from their symptoms by combining the techniques of Progressive Muscle Relaxation with Slow Deep Breathing. Additionally, the method is simple to apply.

ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTS OF PROGRESSIVE MUSCLE RELAXATION AND LEMON AROMATHERAPY ON BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

Introduction: Individuals with diabetes mellitus must adhere to a series of examinations, which includes blood sugar monitoring. The effects of progressive muscle relaxation and lemon aromatherapy on blood sugar levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes are compared in this study as non-pharmacological interventions for controlling or lowering blood sugar increase that persons with diabetes mellitus can conduct on their own at home. Method: The methodology of pre-experimental research is used. The study population consists of 36 volunteer diabetes patients who are divided into two groups using simple random sampling. The dependent variable is the blood sugar levels of patients with type 2 diabetes. The independent variables in this study are progressive muscle relaxation and lemon aromatherapy. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test & Mann-Whitney test is used to examine the data in order to determine the significance of the comparison between two sets of correlated data using ratio-shaped data. Results & Analysis: With a p-value of 0.016, progressive muscle relaxation is helpful in reducing blood sugar levels. Likewise, using lemons in aromatherapy decreases blood sugar levels (p-value = 0.028). However, the comparison results show that, with a p-value of 0.012, progressive muscular relaxation works better than lemon aromatherapy. Discussion: Both interventions involve relaxation techniques that block stress input and promote physiological calm in order to slow down heartbeats and boost the release of insulin hormones into the bloodstream, which is required for managing blood sugar. It is suggested that future research combine the two medicines to obtain more comprehensive findings.

A Comparative Study to find out the Effectiveness of Jacobson Progressive Muscular Relaxation and Isometric Handgrip Training among Hypertension Patients

A Comparative Study to find out the Effectiveness of Jacobson Progressive Muscular Relaxation and Isometric Handgrip Training among Hypertension Patients

Comparative role of affective–Cognitive behavior therapy and jacobson's progressive muscular relaxation in managing pain among patients with fibromyalgia

Comparative role of affective–Cognitive behavior therapy and jacobson's progressive muscular relaxation in managing pain among patients with fibromyalgia

Effect of Aerobic Exercise versus Jacobson’s Progressive Muscular Relaxation Technique in Patients with Hypertension

Introduction: In the last few decades, the prevalence of hypertension has been drastically increased in India. Hypertension is defined by the presence of a chronic elevation of systemic arterial pressure above a certain threshold value. Proper management of hypertension may require both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. Aerobic exercise and Jacobson’s Progressive Muscular relaxation (JPMR) technique both are Non-pharmacological interventions for reducing blood pressure. Method: Interventional study was done by Random sampling method and conducted on 20 hypertensive subjects. Subject willing to participate, age group 20-55 year both male and female and blood pressure above 140/90 mmHg were included. Subjects not able to understand, psychologically unstable, systemic illness and subject who were not regularly taking medications were excluded. 20 hypertensive subjects, randomly divided into 2 groups. The first group was asked to do 5 sessions of Aerobic exercise for 30-45 minutes per week for 4 week and the second group was asked to do 5 sessions of JPMR for 30 minutes per week for 4 week. In both the groups pre and post systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate (HR) were measured in sitting position. Subjective results were established. Results: Statistical analysis was done using SPSS16. There was statistically significant difference between pre and post value of SBP (p<0.05), DBP (p<0.05) in both groups, but the aerobic exercise showed more significant results as compared to the JPMR. Conclusion: Hence it can be concluded that Aerobic Exercise is more effective in hypertensive than Jacobson’s Progressive Muscular relaxation technique. Keywords: Aerobic Exercise, Jacobson’s Progressive Muscular relaxation technique (JPMR), hypertension

Psychotherapy for Eco-Anxiety: Shifting From Catastrophizing to Action

Psychotherapy for Eco-Anxiety: Shifting From Catastrophizing to Action

Investigating progressive muscle relaxation and guided imagery in pre-eclampsia treatment

Background Progressive muscle relaxation with guided imagery may positively reduce clinical symptoms in individuals with pre-eclampsia. However, these relationships require clarification. This study aimed to examine the effects of progressive muscular relaxation and guided imagery on blood pressure and urine protein during conservative treatment for pre-eclampsia. Methods This was a quasi-experimental study of women receiving conservative treatment for pre-eclampsia. Participants received either progressive muscular relaxation and guided imagery alongside standard care (n=30) or only standard care (n=30). Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests were used to analyse the differences in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and proteinuria between baseline and after 3 and 7 days. Results Respondents showed significant declines in systolic pressure and proteinuria after 3 and 7 days. All respondents showed significant declines in diastolic pressure after 7 days. The differences in systolic and diastolic pressure and proteinuria between groups after 7 days was statistically significant (P<0.001, P=0.008, P<0.001 respectively). Conclusions A 7-day progressive muscular relaxation intervention and guided imagery combination can effectively lower blood pressure and proteinuria during conservative treatment for preeclampsia.

COMPARISON OF PROGRESSIVE MUSCULAR RELAXATION (PMR) AND MUSIC THERAPY (MT) IN REDUCING THE ANXIETY, DEPRESSION AND STRESS SYMPTOMS AMONG NURSES

Objective: To compare the progressive muscular relaxation and music therapy in reducing the anxiety, depression and stress symptoms among nurses.
 Study Design: Quasi-experimental Study.
 Place and Duration of Study: Various hospitals in Rawalpindi, from Mar 2018 to Mar 2019.
 Methodology: Sample of study was 20 female nurses. They were assessed by using depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS21), Urdu version. Study participants were randomized into two groups, group 1= who received the music therapy (n=10); group 2=who receive progressive muscular relaxation (n=10). Both the groups were provided with 4 sessions of both interventions for one month. After completion of intervention, post assessment was carried immediately and analysis was carried out.
 Results: Mean age of nurses was 31 ± 7.42 years (range from 19-45 years). Significant difference was found which showed that progressive muscular relaxation was more effective in reducing the symptoms of depression and stress as compared to music therapy. Whereas, no significant difference (p>0.05) was found on anxiety (both the treatments equally reduced the anxiety).
 Conclusion: Progressive muscular relaxation was found to be more effective in reducing stress and depression in nurses than music therapy. The use of such techniques can serve as an additional therapy in the treatment of stress, anxiety and depression and can be used to reduce the need for pharmacological therapy.

Feasibility and effectiveness of stress management skill training in medical students

BackgroundThere is limited literature on stress management interventions targeting Indian medical undergraduates. With this background, the study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of stress management intervention on perceived stress, coping and burnout amongst first-year medical undergraduates. MethodsIt was a quasi-experimental study assessing the effect of “Comprehensive Stress Management Skill Training Program”. This intervention emphasized on self-awareness of early warning signs of stress, adopting a healthy lifestyle, developing assertiveness at work, maintaining work–life balance. The stress reduction techniques mainly consisted of deep breathing exercises, progressive muscular relaxation and visualization. It was delivered by a team of a psychiatrist and a nurse to hundred first year medical undergraduate students. Medical Students Stressor Questionnaire, Brief COPE Questionnaire and Maslach Burnout Inventory–Student Survey were applied for assessment of perceived stress, burn out, and coping, respectively, at baseline, finish of one and three months of intervention. ResultsSignificant improvement was noted in academic stress, interpersonal-related stress, teaching learning–related stress, and total stress scores, emotional exhaustion, and emotion-focused coping at the end of the three months of intervention. Positive feedback about the intervention was given by majority of the students. ConclusionStress management intervention was found to be feasible and effective in improving stress, coping, and emotional exhaustion in first year medical students.

Effects of progressive muscular relaxation and stretching exercises combination on blood pressure among farmers in rural areas of Indonesia: a randomized study†

Abstract Objective Maintaining blood pressure (BP) could improve the quality of life among farmers in agricultural health. The study aims to evaluate the effects of progressive muscular relaxation and stretching exercises (SEs) for BP in farmer subjects in rural areas. Methods A randomized controlled design was applied for this study. We performed a method, which is the combination of progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) and SEs for participants (30 in the control group and 60 in the intervention group). The intervention group self-practiced PMR and SEs through a video that providing instructions for 15 min. PMR practiced before going to sleeping in the night, and SEs practiced before going to farms in the morning per day for 3-months. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed to measure the difference between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) as one pre- and post-test comparison of baseline and 3 months data in control and intervention groups. Results There were no significant differences between SBP and DBP pre- and post-test in control group (P > 0.050). Meanwhile, there were significant differences in reducing SBP (M = 126.67; SD = 18.07; 95% CI = 120–147.5 mmHg) and DBP (M = 80.67; SD = 6.91; 95% CI = 80–90 mmHg) pre- and post-test combination of PMR and SEs in intervention group (P < 0.001). After 3-months of follow-up data, number type SBP and DBP still remained at the same levels of baseline and 3-month data in control group. While, there was an increased number of normal and prehypertension for SBP and DBP (10% vs. 10% and 20% vs. 31.6%) and reduced of hypertension stage I for SBP and DBP (30% vs. 41.6%). Conclusions This pilot study demonstrated effectively to reduce SBP and DBP among farmers using the combination of PMR and SEs in the agricultural health setting.

The Use of Non-Pharmacological to Decrease Anxiety and Improve the Breastfeeding Self Efficacy Postpartum Mothers: A Systematic Literature Review

Breastfeeding mothers are critical for realizing a qualified and dignified Indonesian generation. However, mental health, such as anxiety, frequently appears on postpartum mothers during the first week of the delivery that decreases the breast milk production of postpartum mothers. It lowers the intention to breastfeed. This research aims to identify the implementation of non-pharmacological therapy to lose anxiety and improve the breastfeeding efficacy of postpartum mothers. This systematic literature review begins by searching articles, published from 2011 until 2021, via some databases, such as google scholar, national library, and sciencedirect. The applied keywords were such as non-pharmacological treatment, anxiety, breastfeeding self-efficacy, and postpartum mothers. The applied method was PRISMA. The researcher found 450 articles selected based on the keyword combinations. Then, the researchers screened the articles into 11 articles that met with the inclusion and exclusion criteria, Sinta, and DOI. The articles took the topic of non-pharmacological therapy to decrease anxiety and improve breastfeeding self-efficacy in postpartum mothers. The researcher found the non-pharmacological interventions were massage therapy, hypnotherapy, aromatherapy, progressive muscular relaxation, mother-to-baby skin contact, lactation consultation, and peer education. They were effective to lose the anxiety and improve the breastfeeding self-efficacy of postpartum mothers.

The Effectiveness Of Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) To Reducing Anxiety Of 6 Th Grade Elementary School Students Who Will Face The National Exam

The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) in reducing anxiety of 6th-grade elementary school students who will face the national exam. The research participants were 24 students from the Indonesian Quantum School. This research is an experimental study using a single-group pretest-posttest design (one group pretest-posttest design). The techniques given are self-talk, deep breathing, progressive muscular relaxation, imagery, psychoeducation, and rewards. The data were obtained using the Westside Test Anxiety Scale (WTAS) to measure students' anxiety in facing exams, open-ended questions to students, and interviews with school principals and class coordinators. The analysis technique used is the paired sample t-test, analysis of changes in anxiety categories, and determining the themes of the interview results. Based on the results of the paired-sample t-test, the t value was 3,260 with a significance value of 0.003 (p <0.05). Thus the hypothesis proposed in this study is accepted, namely, CBT is effective in reducing anxiety facing the national exam in 6Th-grade elementary school students. The results of the anxiety category analysis showed that after participating in the training, there was a decrease in the number of students with anxiety in the moderately high and high anxiety categories (13 people to 8 people) and high normal anxiety (11 people to 4 people). The number of participants with anxiety in the normal and low categories is increasing (0 to 12 people). Based on the results of the interview, it was found that after participating in the training, the class coordinator felt calmer because the students were better prepared for the psychological techniques that had been taught. The principal was satisfied that the student's grades had improved and asked that training be held again for the next batch.

Adapting cognitive-behavioral therapy for a Malaysian muslim.

Background: Over the years, cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) has gained momentum because of its robust evidence in the treatment of several disorders. However, there is an issue of religious and cultural appropriateness as CBT principles are based on Western conceptualization. This single‐case study (N = 1) implements a culturally and religiously adapted CBT on a 34‐year‐old male with panic disorder with agoraphobia in Malaysia. The client had symptoms comprising various episodes of sudden onset of breathlessness, accelerated heart rate, and fear of dying for the last 14 years. The CBT was culturally and religiously adapted based on (1) A CBT manual in Bahasa Malaysia that was previously modified and adjusted according to the norms of the Malaysian society and (2) General guidelines in "Religious–Cultural Psychotherapy in the Management of Anxiety Patients" by Razali et al in 2002. The present modified CBT had 3 assessments formulation sessions and 12 intervention sessions. Methods: The first 6 sessions were based on the behaviour component of CBT (ie, a relaxation technique using Islamic prayer, reciting verses from the Holy Quran, slow breathing exercise, body scan, and progressive muscular relaxation). However, sessions 7 to 12 were focused on cognitive restructuring and exercises, such as identification of negative automatic thoughts, cognitive distortions, dysfunctional thought records, vertical arrow technique, and the coping statement was practised through collaborative empiricism, while implementing Islamic and cultural elements. The focus of termination sessions was on interoceptive exposure, cognitive rehearsal, and in vivo situational exposure. Results: Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) was administered at regular intervals. BAI scores revealed the effectiveness of adapting the intervention. Conclusion: Panic attacks, worry about panic attacks, and anxiety scores reduced remarkably and the client was able to go out of the house, travel independently, and pursue religious/social activities.

Relaxation Techniques in Low Back Pain Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Low back pain (LBP) is a common problem, affecting 11% of the population in Greece. Pain can last upwards of 6 wk and impact functional ability and quality of life. Treating LBP often includes the use of alternative methods, such as relaxation techniques. We tested whether relaxation techniques could reduce stress and pain and improve quality of life. Patients engaged in methods such as diaphragmatic breathing, progressive muscular relaxation, autogenic training, and guided imagery. The treatment group consisted of 31 randomized patients and the control group had 33. The treatment group followed an 8-wk relaxation program with weekly sessions and practiced techniques every day by listening to a compact disk at home (2×/d). The control group did not follow relaxation techniques. No statistically significant differences were present regarding the Perceived Stress Scale, body-mass index, and satisfaction with functional ability. However, statistically significant differences were found in the Brief Pain Inventory score and multidimensional locus of control. We also found decreases in all three cortisol measurements for the treatment group. Relaxation techniques provide positive results in pain reduction and cortisol decrease and must therefore be incorporated into rehabilitation protocols.

Stress Management in Elementary School Students: a Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial.

Research has shown that stress experiences begin in early stages of life. Stress management techniques have appeared to be beneficial for the development or enhancement of stress coping skills. The aim of this pilot randomised controlled trial was to assess the effect of a 12-week intervention, comprising training in diaphragmatic breathing and progressive muscular relaxation, on elementary school students’ stress levels. Outcomes on the quality of life and behavioural aspects of the students were also assessed. Standardised questionnaires were administered at baseline and after the 12-week intervention program. Fifty-two children aged 10 to 11 years were randomly assigned to intervention (n=24) and control groups (n=28). Children of the intervention group demonstrated lower levels of stress (in all three subscales of lack of well-being, distress, and lack of social support) and improved aspects of quality of life (physical, emotional, and school functioning). No significant differences were observed regarding the examined behavioural dimensions, in the intervention group. Larger randomised controlled trials with follow-up evaluations are needed to ascertain the positive outcomes of such programs on elementary school children.

The Effect of Jacobson’s Progressive Muscular Relaxation on Sleep Quality in Elderly at Budi Agung Social Institution

ABSTRACT&#x0D; Background: The quality of sleep in elderly tend to decline. This occurs as a result of certain changes such as physical, biological, mental and socio-economic. The quality of sleep may influence the healthcondition for short or long terms. Poor quality of sleep may cause difficulty in concentrating, slow response, memory disturbance and decrease of performance in daily life. The decline of sleep qualitymay be resolved with Jacobson’s Progressive Muscular Relaxation (JPMR) exercise.&#x0D; Objective: To analyze the effect of Jacobson’s Progressive Muscular Relaxation on sleep quality inelderly at Budi Agung Social Institution.&#x0D; Methods: This study is a pre experimental study with one group pretest-posttest design. The subject ofthis study were the 19 elderly at Budi Agung Social Institution. In this study, JPMR exercise was done in5 days. Sleep quality before and after JPMR exercise was measured using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI) questionnair. The data obtained was analyzed using McNemar test.&#x0D; Results: From a total of 19 subjects, 3 subjects had good sleep quality while 16 subjecst had poor sleepquality. On the other hand, after the JPMR excercise, improved sleep qualiy was found in the 16 subjectswhile the 3 subjects still had poor sleep quality; bivariate analysis p value = 0.002 (p &lt;0.05).&#x0D; Conclusion: Jacobson’s Progressive Muscular Relaxation (JPMR) has a significant effect on sleepquality in elderly at Budi Agung Social Institution.&#x0D; Keywords: elderly, sleep quality, Jacobson’s Progressive Muscular Relaxation, Pittsburgh Sleep QualityIndex.

Literature Review: Pengaruh Relaksasi Otot Progresif terhadap Kualitas Tidur pada Pasien Penyakit Ginjal Kronik yang Menjalani Hemodialisis

Pasien PGK merasakan kelelahan setelah melakukan hemodialisis, sehingga pasien mengalami gangguan dalam bekerja dan kegiatan sehari-hari. Pasien dengan penyakit PGK yang sudah mencapai derajat 5 atau tahap akhir akan mengalami gangguan, tidak hanya terbatas pada sistem ginjal, namun tubuh lain juga dapat dipengaruhi yang dapat menyebabkan penurunan status kesehatan dan kualitas tidur. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji dengan literature review pengaruh teknik relaksasi otot progresif terhadap kualitas tidur pasien penyakit ginjal kronik. Literatur Review dengan menggunakan 4 database (Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar, dan Pubmed ) untuk mencari jurnal dengan kriteria jurnal yang terbit tahun 2015-2020, fulltext, jurnal yang sesuai dengan topik, terdapat ISSN, volume, dan nomer jurnal, merupakan jurnal intervensi relaksasi otot progresif pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronik. Setelah mengumpulkan data, semua data diseleksi sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, kemudian diseleksi studi dengan menggunakan flow diagram PRISMA 2009. Berdasarkan 10 artikel yang terpilih didapatkan hasil terapi relaksasi otot progresif dapat meningkatkan kualitas tidur pasien penyakit ginjal kronik. Berdasarkan 10 artikel terpilih sesuai kriteria inklusi yaitu terapi relaksasi otot progresif dapat diterapkan pada pasien penykit ginjal kronik untuk meningkatkan kualitas tidur pasien.

Teaching mindfulness-based stress management techniques to medical learners through simulation.

Implication StatementAcutely traumatic clinical events can exacerbate stress and burnout amongst healthcare providers. The Simulated Training for Resilience in Various Environments (STRIVE) course may provide a useful framework for medical educators to teach stress management skills to promote resilience amongst physician trainees. The course introduces the Big Four+ techniques (goal setting, visualization, self-talk, progressive muscular relaxation, attention control and tactical breathing) created by the Canadian Armed Forces using clinical scenarios. This framework can be easily adapted across other training contexts to equip future clinicians with a foundational skill set to optimize their response and recovery following critically stressful incidents.

General Anxiety Disorder-Related Coronavirus Disease-19 Outbreak in Indonesia: A Case Report

BACKGROUND: The outbreak of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) which is now a pandemic has become a problem that occurs in every area of life. Coronaphobia, a new term in the psychiatry literature referring to excessive fear of being infected by SARS-COV2 or COVID 19. Infected by influenza, having close relatives or friends with this fatal virus, and strong fear of infection have been reported as important predictors of stress posttrauma. We report a case report-related COVID-19 in Indonesia.&#x0D; CASE PRESENTATION: A 23-year-old female, dentistry student living in a boarding house in East Java, Indonesia, along with her friend and coming from a middle-up income family background, came to psychiatric consultation with complaints of difficulty of breathing for 1 month ago. This anxiety began to get heavy, especially since the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (COVID 19) outbreak appeared in Indonesia. In addition, she also recently experienced a failure in her final examination so that her study period as a dentistry student must be extended. Exploration of history revealed that the patient initially experience a feeling of heaviness in the chest, difficulty breathing, palpitation, and sometimes feeling sad due to her failure before. She was then given pharmacological interventions in the form of fluoxetine and clobazam and psychotherapy and progressive muscular relaxation through online.&#x0D; CONCLUSION: General anxiety disorder, especially due to the COVID-19 outbreak, should be managed appropriately and comprehensively. The pandemic situation and widespread spread of the disease cause psychotherapy to be modified in such a way that assistance can be carried out online.

Effectiveness of yoga intervention enhanced by progressive muscular relaxation on pain in women after breast cancer surgery

IntroductionThe aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of yoga intervention enhanced by progressive muscular relaxation on pain in women after breast cancer surgeryMethodsOverall, 84 patients after Madden mastectomy were eligible for this study. After the exclusion of 7 women, 77 participants were randomly allocated to group A (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 38), receiving progressive muscular relaxation and visualization exercises in addition to yoga intervention, and group B (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 39), receiving yoga intervention only. McGill Pain Questionnaire and visual analogue scale were used to evaluate pain at baseline and after the 4-week intervention.ResultsMost of the investigated pain characteristics in both studied groups steadily improved during the 4-week rehabilitation. However, the 4-week monitoring indicated that using progressive muscular relaxation and visualization exercises in addition to the yoga intervention was more effective for reducing self-reported pain in women after Madden mastectomy. The post-intervention level of pain reported in the visual analogue scale and present pain intensity were statistically lower in group A compared with group B by 0.99 points (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05) and 1.68 points (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05), respectively.ConclusionsPerforming progressive muscular relaxation and visualization exercises in addition to yoga intervention helped reduce pain in women after Madden mastectomy.