Progress In Dentistry Research Articles

Temporary Skeletal Anchorage Devices and Cone Beam Tomography in Orthodontics—Current Application and New Directions of Development

Continuous progress in dentistry and orthodontics is crucial to ensuring high-quality diagnosis and treatment of patients, especially since malocclusions occur in up to half of the population. In addition to limiting the physiological functions of the masticatory system, they are often an aesthetic defect that may directly affect the well-being and even self-esteem of patients, especially in their teenage years and early adulthood. A holistic model of perceiving and treating orthodontic diseases, such as the Biocreative Orthodontic Strategy, focusing not only on the correction of the defect itself but also taking into account the least possible interference in the physiology of the masticatory system, limiting the use of appliances to a minimum, and taking into account the patient’s preferences, is a special alternative to conventional therapeutic models. In this review, we are presenting the current knowledge regarding the applications of temporary skeletal anchorage devices (TSAD) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in orthodontics.

John Ranby FRS, William Hogarth and the Barber Surgeons.

The progress of dentistry towards a profession allied to medicine and surgery was incremental, and a most important step in that process was the separation of the surgeons from the barbers in 1745. Hogarth's illustration of a dentally active barber has been discussed previously in the British Dental Journal. In this paper, his probable contribution to the campaign for separation led successfully by his friend, surgeon John Ranby FRS (1703-1773), through the dramatic and much analysed painting The death of the countess (1743), is analysed. In this paper, it is suggested that William Hogarth was not only aware of the tensions between the physicians, surgeons and barbers that had come to a head, but that he modified the first thoughts, seen in a sketch (now at the Ashmolean, Oxford), to incorporate in this painting, and the print made from it a conspicuous sub-scene, almost central in a composition where the dying countess would be expected to be the only subject, as a satirical comment on that internal conflict.

The impact of Saudi Vision 2030 on educational reforms and progress in dentistry

The impact of Saudi Vision 2030 on educational reforms and progress in dentistry

The general medical approach in dentistry: the competitive advantage of the clinic, improving the quality of patient care, the evidence of the doctor’s skill.

In complex clinical cases, dentists join forces to draw up a collegial (interdisciplinary, comprehensive) treatment plan, but even here the traditional paradigm operates, limited to the elimination of violations in the oral cavity. Further progress in dentistry is possible with the transition to the paradigm of “Taking care of health in general” – HEALTH CARE. The ability to perform a GENERAL MEDICAL (multidisciplinary) treatment plan comes to the fore of improving the skills of dentists and their interaction with patients.

Women's progress in dentistry

Women's progress in dentistry

Research advancements of two-dimensional black phosphorus in dentistry

Two-dimensional black phosphorus (BP) has unique layered structure, excellent photothermal properties, good biocompatibility and high biodegradability. In recent years, it has been found that BP has stable drug loading and light controlled sustained-release drug functions, excellent antibacterial properties and the ability to promote vascular and nerve regeneration in the medicine field, which has a broad application prospect in dentistry. This review elaborates the biological properties of two-dimensional BP and its application progress in dentistry, so as to provide new ideas for the further research and application of two-dimensional BP.

Augmented, Virtual and Mixed Reality in Dentistry: A Narrative Review on the Existing Platforms and Future Challenges

The recent advancements in digital technologies have led to exponential progress in dentistry. This narrative review aims to summarize the applications of Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality and Mixed Reality in dentistry and describes future challenges in digitalization, such as Artificial Intelligence and Robotics. Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality and Mixed Reality represent effective tools in the educational technology, as they can enhance students’ learning and clinical training. Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality and can also be useful aids during clinical practice. Augmented Reality can be used to add digital data to real life clinical data. Clinicians can apply Virtual Reality for a digital wax-up that provides a pre-visualization of the final post treatment result. In addition, both these technologies may also be employed to eradicate dental phobia in patients and further enhance patient’s education. Similarly, they can be used to enhance communication between the dentist, patient, and technician. Artificial Intelligence and Robotics can also improve clinical practice. Artificial Intelligence is currently developed to improve dental diagnosis and provide more precise prognoses of dental diseases, whereas Robotics may be used to assist in daily practice.

Knowledge on history of dentistry among dental graduates in Kerala, India

Background: Ailments pertaining to teeth and jaws were treated in a general manner, not requiring the services of a specialist. It is logical that progress in dentistry would go hand in hand with the progress of dentistry made in ancient civilizations. Materials and Methods: The present study was an online questionnaire-based survey among interns from six dental colleges across Kerala. The survey was conducted by a third party using a mobile application which consisted of nine questions in English. Two hundred and twenty-eight participants had responded by participating in the survey. The level of significance was set as P

Oral health for an ageing population: the importance of a natural dentition in older adults

Despite progress in dentistry, tooth loss in old age is still a reality, even more so in long-term-care residents. However, recent trends indicate that natural teeth are lost later in life. Functional decline and age-related pathologies have to be considered in oral health care for this vulnerable population. Retaining and restoring teeth and oral function in elders is important. Tooth loss significantly impairs masticatory performance, which cannot be fully restored by prosthodontic means. Hence an unconscious change in food intake occurs, often involving malnutrition and withdrawal from common meals. Poor oral appearance and bad breath may further impede social activities. Although a chewing activity may be beneficial for cognitive function, natural teeth can present a considerable risk for fragile elders, in whom aspiration of biofilm can lead to pneumonia and death. The presence of natural teeth is also correlated with higher life expectancy, but socio-economic confounding factors have to be considered. When evaluating oral health in the elderly population, standards and priorities for reporting oral health outcome measures have to be defined. Anatomical indicators such as the number of natural teeth or the presence of prostheses might be one option for reporting. However, functional indicators such as masticatory performance and patient-centred outcome measures may be more relevant. In conclusion, there is an overwhelming body of evidence that maintaining a healthy natural dentition in old age is beneficial from a structural, functional and psycho-social point of view.

U.S. Dental Students’ Attitudes Toward Research and Science: Impact of Research Experience

This study aimed to provide a first nationwide assessment of dental students' attitudes toward the importance of research and its integration into the dental curriculum. For this purpose, the American Association for Dental Research National Student Research Group developed an online survey that was distributed to 89 percent of U.S. dental students in May 2012. The survey consisted of twenty-one Likert-type items divided into three groups: importance of research in dentistry, barriers to research involvement, and exposure to research in the dental curriculum. There were 733 responses (3.9 percent response rate), including students in all stages of education representing fifty-eight out of sixty-one dental schools. Age and race/ethnic distributions corresponded with U.S. dental school enrollees. Results showed that 63 percent of respondents had conducted research before matriculation, and of the 34 percent that participated in research during dental school, only 27 percent were newcomers. Respondents strongly agreed that scientific research enabled their progress in dentistry. Inadequate time in the curriculum was an obstacle they perceived to research involvement during dental school. Respondents agreed that dental curricula emphasize evidence-based practices but may be inadequately teaching biostatistics and research methodologies. Students with research experience tended to have stronger positive opinions about the importance of research in dental education. Efforts to foster research in schools have been well received by students, but several issues remain for enriching dental education through greater involvement of students in research.

Predictive, preventive, personalised and participatory periodontology: 'the 5Ps age' has already started.

An impressive progress in dentistry has been recorded in the last decades. In order to reconsider guidelines in dentistry, it is required to introduce new concepts of personalised patient treatments: the wave of predictive, preventive and personalised medicine is rapidly incoming in dentistry. Worldwide dentists have to make a big cultural effort in changing the actual ‘reactive’ therapeutic point of view, belonging to the last century, into a futuristic ‘predictive’ one. The first cause of tooth loss in industrialised world is periodontitis, a Gram-negative anaerobic infection whose pathogenesis is genetically determined and characterised by complex immune reactions. Chairside diagnostic tests based on saliva, gingival crevicular fluid and cell sampling are going to be routinely used by periodontists for a new approach to the diagnosis, monitoring, prognosis and management of periodontal patients. The futuristic ‘5Ps’ (predictive, preventive, personalised and participatory periodontology) focuses on early integrated diagnosis (genetic, microbiology, host-derived biomarker detection) and on the active role of the patient in which networked patients will shift from being mere passengers to responsible drivers of their health. In this paper, we intend to propose five diagnostic levels (high-tech diagnostic tools, genetic susceptibility, bacterial infection, host response factors and tissue breakdown-derived products) to be evaluated with the intention to obtain a clear picture of the vulnerability of a single individual to periodontitis in order to organise patient stratification in different categories of risk. Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) technology may soon become an important part of efforts to improve worldwide periodontal health in developed nations as well as in the underserved communities, resource-poor areas and poor countries. The use of LOC devices for periodontal inspection will allow patients to be screened for periodontal diseases in settings other than the periodontist practice, such as at general practitioners, general dentists or dental hygienists. Personalised therapy tailored with respect to the particular medical reality of the specific stratified patient will be the ultimate target to be realised by the 5Ps approach. A long distance has to be covered to reach the above targets, but the pathway has already been clearly outlined.

Oral rehabilitation for a geriatric population<br>—A voluntary experience in Ukraine report

Despite the outstanding progress in dentistry, there are still a great number of edentulous patients world-wide, what’s more, the dentists are not willing to inform the patients about their handicapped condition. Elderly people do not complain about this a lot, and also unfortunately the general public and government authorities do not concerne too much about gerodontic issues. The elderly people has suffered greatly from this. Dental implant is one way to figure this out. The Ukrainian Dental Implant Association has initiated a professional voluntary project entitled: “Quality of Life for our Parents”. This geriatric welfare program offers free implant and Prosthetic rehabilitation for the Elderly edentulous patients.

Surgical periodontal pocket elimination: still a justifiable objective?

The two articles in this month’s Perspectives section offer varied opinions in regard to periodontal disease—points of view that, in some instances, depart from traditional approaches. In the first paper, Dr. Sigurd Ramfjord assesses the value of surgical elimination of pockets in maintenance of periodontal support. In the study by Dr. Howard Bailet and others, the authors suggest that advanced periodontal disease is not a major cause of tooth loss but rather that most teeth are extracted in association with construction of prostheses. Neither The Journal nor the American Dental Association necessarily endorses the opinions expressed in these two papers, but offers these authors’ concerns in the goal of progress in dentistry through continual education. The two articles in this month’s Perspectives section offer varied opinions in regard to periodontal disease—points of view that, in some instances, depart from traditional approaches. In the first paper, Dr. Sigurd Ramfjord assesses the value of surgical elimination of pockets in maintenance of periodontal support. In the study by Dr. Howard Bailet and others, the authors suggest that advanced periodontal disease is not a major cause of tooth loss but rather that most teeth are extracted in association with construction of prostheses. Neither The Journal nor the American Dental Association necessarily endorses the opinions expressed in these two papers, but offers these authors’ concerns in the goal of progress in dentistry through continual education.

Partial versus full coverage

The relative merits and disadvantages of partial coverage versus the fullcast crown have been discussed. The use of full coverage restorations in a mouth with a high caries index is warranted and valuable. However, its use for every tooth under all conditions as a restorative panacea is wrong and can be damaging. The conservation of tooth structure and the placement of a minimum amount of restorative material in contact with gingival tissues should be foremost in our minds. It is through the use of partial coverage that these objectives may be accomplished. Restorative dentistry and periodontics are so closely related that a separation of one from the other can offer nothing but disastrous results. An increase in skill will eventually carry us on to further progress in dentistry.

The Evaluation of Clinical Competence

stituent of the National and for the mem­ bers of the Army and Navy Dental Corps. Any state society may become a constituent by officially voting to affiliate and by amending its constitu­ tion and bylaws to harmonize with those of the National. Under these pro­ visions a state society may become a constituent without bringing in its full membership. But considering the low dues, the many advantages and the fact that practically all societies have voted to come in with their full list of mem­ bers, should prompt those who have not done this, and those societies which have not acted, to make provision to come in with all their members. Such a procedure simplifies the bookkeeping and record work in both state and National organizations and is really the only way that such affiliation should exist. The one thing that will make these things possible, in their fullest sense, and the organization the success that it should be, will be the loyal support of practically every eligible dentist; therefore, we feel thoroughly justified in soliciting your hearty co-operation in making the National Dental Association one that will wield a beneficial influence for all that is progress in dentistry. We also believe that the only creditable or honorable course to pursue would be for all to loyally co-operate in giving the adopted plan a thorough and fair trial. Any defects will naturally develop as quickly under favorable conditions as the reverse and, with our democratic and representative form of organization, we certainly can rely upon the delegates from the various constituent societies to take such action as is thought best to conserve the interests of all concerned.

Combined Anesthesia in Operative Dentistry

The progress of dentistry has been related closely to the control of pain. It is prob­ ably more than coincidence that the first dental school and the first dental journal appeared during the same year that Horace Wells1 employed nitrous oxide for extractions. Significant advances in local anesthesia were made when Rynde (1845) developed the hypodermic syringe, Koller (1884) used cocaine topically, Halsted (1885) administered the first inferior alveolar block, Braun (1904) combined epinephrine with co­ caine, and when, in 1905, Einhorn used procaine. To date, approximately 30,000 anesthetics of various types have been tried. The control of pain is but one phase of the dental problem. Control of the patient’s “anxiety state” is another. The former has received considerable atten­ tion and has been the object of extensive research. The latter has been sadly neg­ lected despite the fact that it is usually the greater problem. Premedication, with a variety of drugs, has been available for some time. It is rarely used in general practice because of the necessity of escorting patients, dura­ tion of drug action and side effects. A new approach in controlling the patient’s apprehension has recently been developed. The technic is one of co­ medication; a sedative drug is combined with a local anesthetic. Thus the one injection produces sedation as well as analgesia. The authors will discuss the administration and results of this type of co-medication. The local anesthetic used is procaine 2.0 per cent, tetracaine 0.15 per cent, nordefrin 1:10,000 (Novocain-Pontocaine-Cobefrin). The drugs employed were meperidine hydrochloride (Deme­ rol) and Keto-Bemidone or K 4710.2 The authors were primarily interested in the action of meperidine, which was administered in the majority of the cases. The Keto-Bemidone was used in a few cases, as a preliminary investigation.