Programmes In Nigeria Research Articles

Mitigating structural violence through legislative oversight: examining poverty alleviation programmes in Nigeria

Mitigating structural violence through legislative oversight: examining poverty alleviation programmes in Nigeria

From subsidies to nutrition: Investigating effects among cohort children from the Subsidy Reinvestment programme in Nigeria

This study investigates the effect of a nationwide maternal health programme that targets both demand- and supply-side factors on the nutritional status of children under five years old whose mothers were potentially exposed to the programme. We employed a difference-in-differences approach by matching programme beneficiary facilities to the districts and communities where households reside. The data are drawn from the 2008, 2013, and 2018 rounds of Nigeria's Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), comprising responses for approximately 120,000 children. Our findings reveal a significant increase in child dietary diversity, particularly in districts with two beneficiary facilities, suggesting stronger effects with expansive programme implementation. Additionally, we observed positive effects on children's consumption of various nutritious foods for those children in districts with two beneficiary facilities. This study investigates a potential mechanism by which expanding access to healthcare facilities, through funding two clinics per district, may contribute to improved child dietary diversity. Our findings suggest that, unlike districts with one beneficiary facility, those with two funded clinics have a higher likelihood of women engaging in work outside the home and earning cash for it. As shown in the analysis, this mechanism is likely due to easier access to health facilities and better contact with health officers, which facilitate quicker reintegration into the labour market for mothers after childbirth and, in turn, could lead to better maternal earnings and potentially enable a more diverse diet for children. The findings suggest that SURE-P's expansive implementation strengthens child nutrition outcomes and supports maternal economic empowerment. In areas with multiple SURE-P facilities, increased access to healthcare enables mothers to reintegrate into the labor market more quickly, facilitating cash income and fostering a reinforcing cycle of improved child dietary diversity and economic benefits for families. This highlights the potential of scaling such programs to maximize both health and economic outcomes in similar contexts.

The State of School Health Services of the School Health Programme in Nigeria: A Position Paper by the Paediatric Association of Nigeria (PAN) Sub-Committee on School Health Programme

The State of School Health Services of the School Health Programme in Nigeria: A Position Paper by the Paediatric Association of Nigeria (PAN) Sub-Committee on School Health Programme

The experience of women in construction craftspeople apprenticeship programmes in Nigeria

The construction industry needs skilled personnel for its sustainability due to the shortage of skilled workers. Women are reputed to bridge the gap created by skills shortages in construction, which can be achieved by increasing their participation in the industry through the instrumentality of construction craftspeople apprenticeship training. This qualitative study explored the experiences of women in construction craftspeople apprenticeship programmes in Nigeria. Twelve female apprentices and two representatives of stakeholders (senior managers at the apprenticeship programmes) from two construction craftspeople apprenticeship programmes were interviewed on the factors that motivated women to join construction crafts apprenticeship training and the challenges confronting female apprentices. The data retrieved were transcribed and qualitatively analysed using code-based content analysis. Findings indicated that the main factors motivating women to participate in construction craftspeople apprenticeship programmes are: the desire to acquire skills and intrinsic factors such as employment opportunities and better remuneration. Payment issues such as non-payment of allowance, and issues related to apprenticeship training, such as inadequate tools for training, were the prominent challenges faced by female apprentices in construction craftspeople apprenticeship programmes. The study identified factors that can be enhanced by stakeholders in construction craftspeople apprenticeship training to attract women to the construction industry.

Provider and community perceptions of integrated COVID-19 and routine childhood immunisation programmes in Nigeria: a qualitative exploratory study

BackgroundIn Nigeria, COVID-19 vaccines were delivered through outreach activities, as well as integrated within routine immunisation. However, evaluations of integrated approaches for novel vaccines are scarce. We aimed to understand the perceived benefits and challenges of integrating the COVID-19 vaccine within routine immunisation in Nigeria, and identify ways to strengthen this approach.MethodsWe conducted 30 semi-structured interviews with community members and healthcare workers in primary healthcare facilities (PHCs) in Jigawa (n = 16) and Oyo (n = 14) states, Nigeria from 08 August to 13 September 2022. Participants were selected purposively from PHCs. We obtained information on participants’ perception about routine immunisation, and perceived benefits and challenges associated with integrated COVID-19 vaccine delivery. Healthcare worker and community interviews were analysed separately following a thematic analysis approach.ResultsWe identified four themes that describe the community and healthcare workers’ responses, perceived impact, and the health system adaptions to the challenges associated with the integrated vaccine delivery approach. Community members expressed concern that children might be given COVID-19 vaccines instead of routine immunisations, while others appreciated the integrated approach due to their trust in the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines, government, and healthcare providers. Healthcare providers perceived the integrated approach as improving vaccination coverage and awareness but noted additional problems of increased workload, vaccine scarcity, and prolonged clinic visits. Insufficient resources were subsisting barriers to effective integration in both states, but the provider’s gender was also a challenge in Jigawa state. Additionally, the use of incentives to generate demand had ambiguous effects in Jigawa state.ConclusionTaking an integrated approach to deliver COVID-19 vaccines was acceptable by healthcare providers but community members expressed concerns. Given existing vaccination programmes have persistent challenges, it is pertinent to address these barriers to enhance effectiveness of an integrated approach.

Enhancing hypertension education of community health extension workers in Nigeria’s federal capital territory: the impact of the extension for community healthcare outcomes model on primary care, a quasi-experimental study

BackgroundHealthcare workers (HCWs) including community health extension workers (CHEWs) in the Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria participated in a hypertension training series following the Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO) model which leverages technology and a practical peer-to-peer learning framework to virtually train healthcare practitioners. We sought to evaluate the patient-level effects of the hypertension ECHO series.MethodsHCWs from 12 of 33 eligible primary healthcare centers (PHCs) in the Hypertension Treatment in Nigeria Program (NCT04158154) were selected to participate in a seven-part hypertension ECHO series from August 2022 to April 2023. Concurrent Hypertension Treatment in Nigeria Program patient data were used to evaluate changes in hypertension treatment and control rates, and adherence to Nigeria’s hypertension treatment protocol. Outcomes were compared between the 12 PHCs in the ECHO program and the 21 which were not.ResultsBetween July 2022 and June 2023, 16,691 PHC visits were documented among 4340 individuals (ECHO: n = 1428 [33%], non-ECHO: n = 2912 [67%]). Patients were on average (SD) 51.5 (12.0) years old, and one-third were male (n = 1372, 32%) with no differences between cohorts in either characteristic (p ≥ 0.05 for both). Blood pressures at enrollment were higher in the ECHO cohort compared to the non-ECHO cohort (systolic p < 0.0001 and diastolic p = 0.0001), and patients were less likely to be treated with multiple medications (p < 0.0001). Treatment rates were similar at baseline (ECHO: 94.0% and Non-ECHO: 94.7%) and increased at a higher rate (interaction p = 0.045) in the ECHO cohort over time. After adjustment for baseline and within site variation, the difference was attenuated (interaction p = 0.37). Over time, control rates increased and medication protocol adherence decreased, with no differences between cohorts. Staffing levels, adult patient visits, and rates of hypertension screening and empanelment were similar between ECHO and non-ECHO cohorts (p ≥ 0.05 for all).ConclusionsThe ECHO series was associated with moderately increased hypertension treatment rates and did not adversely affect staffing or clinical capacity among PHCs in the Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. These results may be used to inform strategies to support scaling hypertension education among frontline HCWs throughout Nigeria, and use of the ECHO model for CHEWs.Trial RegistrationThe Hypertension Treatment in Nigeria Program was prospectively registered on November 8, 2019 at www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04158154; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04158154).

P.283: How effective is combined spinal and epidural anaesthesia (CSEA) for kidney transplantation? Experience from a high-volume program in Nigeria.

P.283: How effective is combined spinal and epidural anaesthesia (CSEA) for kidney transplantation? Experience from a high-volume program in Nigeria.

Predictors of the willingness to accept a free COVID-19 vaccine among households in Nigeria

BackgroundTo inform vaccination policy and programmatic strategies to increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake, an understanding of the factors associated with the willingness to vaccinate is needed. MethodsWe analyzed data collected from the sixth and tenth round of the Nigerian COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey conducted by the National Bureau of Statistics and the World Bank in 2020 and 2021, respectively. Exploratory data analysis and feature selection techniques were used to identify important variables. Multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to assess the association between socio-demographic and economic factors and the willingness to receive a free COVID-19 vaccine among Nigerian households at two different time points before vaccines became widely available. ResultsData from 1,733 and 1,651 Nigerian households who completed the sixth and tenth round of the survey, respectively, were included. Most respondents (>85% of households) were willing to receive a free COVID-19 vaccine from both survey rounds. The median household size was 6 (IQR: [4, 8]) with females heading about 18% of the households. Approximately 22% of the household heads had not received any formal education. Compared to households whose head had no education, households whose heads had completed tertiary education or higher had significantly lower odds of willingness to be vaccinated (ORround 6: 0.46, 95% CI: [0.31, 0.68], ORround 10: 0.49, 95% CI: [0.34, 0.71]). An increasing proportion of male household members was associated with greater willingness to receive a free COVID-19 vaccine (ORround 6: 1.84, 95% CI: [1.01, 3.33], ORround 10: 5.25, 95% CI: [2.86, 9.65]). Significant associations with vaccine willingness were also observed across geopolitical zones of residence with households in South-East Nigeria (ORround 6: 0.16, 95% CI: [0.10, 0.24]; ORround 10: 0.29, 95% CI: [0.19, 0.43]) and South-South Nigeria (ORround 6: 0.57, 95% CI: [0.36, 0.90], ORround 10: 0.32, 95% CI: [0.22, 0.48]) less likely to be willing to receive a free vaccine compared to households in North-Central Nigeria. ConclusionThese findings from two different time points before vaccine roll-out suggest that the educational level of household head, proportion of male household members, and the geopolitical zone of residence are important baseline predictors of the willingness to receive a free COVID-19 vaccine in Nigeria. These factors should be carefully considered and specifically targeted when designing public health programs to inform early-stage strategies that address underlying vaccine hesitancy, improve vaccine uptake, promote ongoing COVID-19 vaccination efforts, and potentially enhance other immunization programs in Nigeria.

Revealing the challenges and efforts of routine immunization coverage in Nigeria.

Nigeria adopted the expanded program on immunization (EPI) in 1978, which aimed at offering children under 2 years old routine immunization (RI). Early accomplishments with the program resulted in a decrease in childhood mortality. As of 2018, Nigeria accounted for about 4.3 million out of over 13 million unvaccinated children globally. Therefore, this study revealed the challenges and efforts associated with RI program in Nigeria and the way forward. In this perspective article, I conducted searches and extracted relevant information from publicly available sources such as Google Scholar, Pubmed, and grey literature. I employed RI, challenges, efforts, and Nigeria as the keywords. The 2021 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey/National Immunization Coverage Survey reports revealed weaknesses in the program, with a national average coverage of 36%. The primary barrier to EPI across various zones is the challenge of reaching marginalized areas that were cut off from vaccination services due to operational and sociocultural issues. Some of the obstacles, such as restricted access to medical facilities, weak cold chain systems, and COVID-19 containment strategies had a great impact on the RI program. To scale up the RI program, the Nigerian government, through the National Primary Health Care Development Agency (NPHCDA), collaborated with the World Health Organization (WHO) and Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, to optimize the "Big Catch-up campaign" and increase immunization coverage nationwide. By 2028, 80% of the projected zero-dose populace is expected to be covered, reaching these eligible children with life-saving vaccines. Nigeria still has a long way to go in making significant progress in the RI program. To further strengthen the immunization coverage, the country needs to maintain data on their achievements, as this will help identify gaps that need to be addressed in the immunization program.

Navigating the Challenges in Setting Up a Sustainable Open-Heart Surgery Unit in a Resource-Constrained Environment in Northern Nigeria: Model and Strategies.

Cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass had been unavailable in Northern Nigeria and the federal capital territory of Nigeria regularly. Several attempts in the past at setting up this service in a self-sustaining manner in Northern Nigeria had failed. This paper is a contrasting response to an earlier publication that emphasized the less-than-desirable role played by international cardiac surgery missions in the evolution of a sustainable open-heart surgery program in Nigeria. The cardiothoracic unit of Federal Medical Centre, Abuja, was established on March 1, 2021, but could not conduct safe open-heart surgery. The model and strategies employed in commencing open-heart surgeries, including the choice of personnel training within the country and focused collaboration with foreign missions, are discussed. We also report the first seven patients to undergo cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass in our government-run hospital as well as the transition from foreign missions to local team operations. Seven patients were operated on within the first six months of setting up with high levels of skill transfer and local team participation, culminating in one of the operations entirely carried out by the local team of personnel. All outcomes were good at an average of one-year follow-up. In resource-constrained government-run hospitals, a functional, safe cardiac surgery unit can be set up by implementing well-planned strategies to mitigate encountered peculiar challenges. Furthermore, with properly harnessed foreign missions, a prior-trained local team of personnel can achieve independence and become a self-sustaining cardiac surgery unit within the shortest possible time.

Climate risk adaptation through livestock insurance: evidence from a pilot programme in Nigeria

ABSTRACT This study investigates the option of choosing index-based livestock insurance (IBLI) to mitigate the adverse effects associated with climate change in Kwara State, Nigeria. Previous studies indicate that the failure to include farmers during the early stage of pilot programme design is a major factor in Africa’s poor participation rate in index insurance. We conducted a survey with 392 farming households across eight of the state's 16 Local Government Areas (LGAs). This survey employed a contingent valuation method (CVM) to assess the value respondents are willing to pay for such insurance and add to the growing literature on IBLI uptake. We discuss important issues ranging from the cost of the IBLI premium to the impact of social capital and access to alternative sources of income on adoption. Our findings show that farmers are willing to pay a 1.3% premium for IBLI, which is lower than the current premium charged for traditional agricultural insurance in Nigeria which typically ranges from 2% to 5%. The results also highlight the need to consider insurance uptake and access to credit as complementary measures, rather than substitute strategies for managing the risks posed by severe climate shocks and extremes.

Poverty alleviation programs in Nigeria: a study on World Mission Agency (WMA) using principal component analysis

Poverty alleviation programs in Nigeria: a study on World Mission Agency (WMA) using principal component analysis

The Challenges of Poverty Implementation Policy and Programmes in Nigeria

Poverty alleviation has been a recurrent decimal in the anals of development planning in Nigeria since post-colonial era. The various interventions of successive governments have unanimously been agreed and observed to be a monumental failure in respect of the objectives for which they were focused. Consequently, this paper examines the challenges confronting the implementation of these programmes with a view to proffer recommendations for effective and efficient implementation. A total of 720 respondents consisting of men and women between the ages of 20 and 60 years above were drawn from two local governments areas in Lagos and Ogun states, Nigeria respectively; using simple random and convenient sampling. Questionnaires were administered and responses collated and analysed. The chi-square statistical techniques and percentages were used in testing the hypothesis and in analyzing the collated data. Results revealed that the implementation of alleviation policy and programmes of Nigerian successive governments since independence faced the challenges of corruption, lack of transparency and political will on the part of government to make the programme a success. The findings also revealed that the rural dwellers which formed the original focus of the programmes benefited less due to wrong focus. The study therefore concluded by recommending that government should enthrone high levels of transparency, accountability and political will in the implementation process. It also recommended that the community which constituted the highest percentage of poverty ridden people should be the focus of government and government should therefore adhere to faithful implementation of these policies and programmes as a means of achieving reults.

209 Evaluating the respiratory protection programs in Nigeria’s oil and gas industry: approach to assessing knowledge, awareness, behaviour, and compliance

209 Evaluating the respiratory protection programs in Nigeria’s oil and gas industry: approach to assessing knowledge, awareness, behaviour, and compliance

Reducing stigma and promoting HIV wellness/mental health of sexual and gender minorities: RCT results from a group-based programme in Nigeria.

High levels of HIV stigma as well as stigma directed towards sexual and/or gender minorities (SGMs) are well documented in the African setting. These intersecting stigmas impede psychosocial wellbeing and HIV prevention and care. Yet, there are few if any evidence-based interventions that focus on reducing internalized stigma and promoting mental health and HIV wellness for SGMs in Africa. We developed and evaluated a group-based intervention drawing on cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) strategies for men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) at risk for or living with HIV in Lagos, Nigeria. The intervention comprised four weekly in-person group sessions facilitated by community health workers. We conducted a delayed intervention group randomized controlled trial (April-September 2022), with pre-post surveys plus 3-month follow-up (immediate group only), as well as qualitative research with participants and programme staff. Outcomes included internalized stigma related to SGM and HIV status, depression, resiliency/coping and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)/HIV treatment use. Mean age of the 240 participants was 26 years (range 18-42). Seventy-seven percent self-identified as MSM and 23% TGW; 27% were people with HIV. Most (88%) participants attended all four sessions, and 98% expressed high intervention satisfaction. There was significant pre-post improvement in each psychosocial outcome, in both the immediate and delayed arms. There were further positive changes for the immediate intervention group by 3-month follow-up (e.g. in intersectional internalized stigma, depression). While baseline levels of ever-PrEP use were the same, 75% of immediate-group participants reported currently using PrEP at 3 months post-intervention versus 53% of delayed-group participants right after the intervention (p<0.01). Participants post-intervention described (in qualitative interviews) less self-blame, and enhanced social support and resilience when facing stigma, as well as motivation to use PrEP, and indicated that positive pre-intervention changes in psychosocial factors found in the delayed group mainly reflected perceived support from the study interviewers. This study demonstrated the feasibility and acceptability of a group-based CBT model for MSM and TGW in Nigeria. There were also some indications of positive shifts related to stigma, mental health and PrEP, despite issues with maintaining the randomized design in this challenging environment.

Impact of Yankari Game Reserve to Rural Development and Biodiversity Conservation in Yankari Communities Bauchi State

This paper assesses the development and benefits derived by rural communities in the study area surrounding a game reserve. Questionnaires were administered to residents of fourteen selected communities within the game reserve and to the staff of the park. Additionally, focus group discussions were conducted with ten residents from each of the fourteen rural communities. A total of 720 questionnaires were distributed to residents to evaluate the development and benefits received from the establishment of the game reserve, while 250 questionnaires were distributed to the park staff to determine the impact of NGO activities on the communities. Interviews were also conducted with key stakeholders, including ward-heads, village-heads, youths, and women leaders. The findings reveal that the primary developments and benefits received by the game reserve rural communities include the establishment of primary schools, clinics, health centers, construction of roads and culverts, drilling of boreholes and wells, and access to loans for income generation. However, the relationship between farmers and pastoralists is strained, particularly during the dry season when livestock damage crops due to scarce forage. It is recommended that the working relationships between the communities and the game reserve be improved to achieve the overall objectives of conservation programs in Nigeria.

Perception of parents on the nutritional relevance of school feeding programme in Nigeria

The Home-Grown School Feeding Program (HGSFP) was deemed a truly nutritious and educationally beneficial initiative upon its reintroduction. It was commendable considering the unstable state of the economy and the substandard domestic living conditions brought on by multifaceted poverty. To increase the nutritious intake of at least 2.5 million school-age children, the HGSFP set out to serve a meal a day in 2004. The targeted group at the time made up roughly 10% of all elementary school students. Perhaps not enough consideration has been given to whether the program's sustainability and implementation strategy are appropriate for achieving the program's two main goals of raising students' nutritious intake and learning outcomes. Therefore, it became imperative to ascertain the degree to which respondents believed the school feeding program had improved students' nutritional status in basic schools and to investigate the degree to which parents believed the program had improved students' academic performance. While adopting the survey research design the respondents were drawn from among parents randomly selected and served with a structured questionnaire. Findings indicated that inherent challenges with the manner of implementation have made the HGSFP not serve the envisaged purpose of enhancing pupils’ nutrition and learning. It was recommended that the government should ensure proper implementation of HGSFP to enable the essence of the program which has to do with qualitative nutrition and academic outcomes to be continually achieved.

Managing Materials Vendor Risks for Improved Project Operational Performance

Highlight: Sound risk management implementation is well noted for helping organisations to overcome operational inefficiencies. However, the management of risk associated with construction materials vendors, and how they impact project operational performance appear to have not been extensively researched. Goal: In this study, the effect of materials vendor risk management (vendor risk identification and vendor risk prevention) on project operational performance (project quality and scheduled completion time) was investigated. We also interrogate the mediating role of risk-oriented culture in the relationship between vendor risk management and operational performance. Design/Methodology/Approach: The target population was all 1,044 registered public construction firms under the Urban Regeneration Programme in Nigeria. The cross-sectional survey design was adopted, and random sampling was used to select 173 project managers, engineers, surveyors, vendors/contractors, and store representatives. Primary data was collected through the structured questionnaire, they were analysed via the Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) technique. Results: Three main conclusions are made about managing vendor risks: First, properly identified materials vendor risks (in terms of material handling issues, price escalation, non-compliance to specification, delivery delay, and sharp procurement practices) is positively related to operational performance. Second, implementing context-specific risk prevention measures (prior assessment score, vendor financial capacity, warranty policy, continuous monitoring, technical capacity) positively enhances operational outcomes. Third, paying attention to risk culture orientation of project stakeholders positively impact their risk prevention capability and operational performance of construction projects. Limitations: Study was limited to few operational performance indicators in project management. Future study could include other performance indicators. Practical Implications: The results can help project operations managers in industry address numerous risks associated with materials vendor. Originality/Values: The numerous abandoned and failed construction projects in developing countries as a result of less attention to vendor risks management prompted this study.

Discontinuation of HIV oral pre-exposure prophylaxis: findings from programmatic surveillance within two general population HIV programs in Nigeria

BackgroundAs oral PrEP scales up in Nigeria, information about uptake, use pattern and client preference in a real-world, implementation setting is invaluable to guide refining service provision and incorporation of oral PrEP and other prevention measures into routine health services. To add to this body of knowledge, our study examines factors associated with discontinuation of PrEP among HIV negative individuals across two large scale programs in Nigeria.MethodsUsing program implementation data from two large-scale HIV projects in Akwa Ibom and Cross River states in Nigeria between January 2020 and July 2021, we used logistic regression to explore factors associated with early discontinuation (i.e., stopping PrEP within one month of starting) among HIV-negative individuals who initiated PrEP in the programs.ResultsOf a total of 26,325 clients; 22,034 (84%) discontinued PrEP within the first month. The odds of PrEP discontinuation were higher among clients who enrolled in community-based distribution sites (aOR 2.72; 95% C.I: 2.50–2.96) compared to those who enrolled in program-supported facilities and never married (aOR 1.76; 95% C.I: 1.61–1.92) compared to married clients. Clients who initiated PrEP because of high-risk sexual behaviour (aOR 1.15, 95% C.I 1.03–1.30) or inconsistent use or non-use of condoms (aOR 1.96, 95% C.I 1.60–2.41) had greater odds of discontinuing PrEPthan those who initiated PrEP because they were in a serodifferent relationship.ConclusionThe behavioural and demographic factors associated with early discontinuation of PrEP suggest that risk stratification of pre-initiation and follow up counselling may be helpful in raising continuation rates. On the service delivery side, strategies to strengthen follow-up services provided by community-based distribution sites need to be introduced. Overall, the low continuation rate calls for a review of programmatic approaches in provision of PrEP services in Nigeria.

Re-Crafting the Nigerian Universal Basic Education Sector for a Competitive Advancement in the 21st Century

The universal basic education programme was designed and lunched in Nigeria in September 1999 by the civilian administration of Olushegun Aremu Obasanjo, with the aim of eradicating totally, illiteracy and equipping its recipients with the requisite skills, attitudes, norms, as well as providing an all-round educational opportunity for all, as this will not only assist the individual to be useful to himself, but also contribute meaningfully to the sustainability of social, political, economic and educational development of the Nigerian society. Thus, this paper is predicate on the need to re-crafting the Universal Basic Educational programme (UBE), so as to avert it from failing as that of Universal Primary Education of 1976 did, which was evident on poor funding, inadequate facilities, inadequate staffs or lack of manpower, as well as poor personnel motivation. Etc. hence, the paper seeks to proffer strategies on how to re-craft the UBE programme for a more advanced and competitiveness amongst comity of nation. Thus, the paper examined the background/origin of the UBE programme, objectives of the universal education programme, problems confronting the UBE programme as well as its implications. The paper concluded by admonishing the federal government with the strategies needed for a successful implementation of the UBE programme in Nigeria while also recommending that the Nigerian society should do away with both the British and American system of education, to adopt that of a practical and technologically inclined system of education like China, Japan and other industrialized nations of the world.