Program For Elderly People Research Articles

Understanding of an emotional component of hardiness

The article theoretically analyses elderly people’s emotional sphere and various emotional phenomena existing in their life. Emotional phenomena can be characterized by their subjective quality (modality) and subject matter. Emotional phenomena (anxiety, aggressiveness, fear, intrapersonal conflict, psycho-emotional stress) have specific characteristics and specific influence on elderly people.
 The article emphasizes that the emotional component of hardiness is important, since an individual’s certain actions and behaviour is a response to external conditions and circumstances. Hardiness as an integral personal characteristic is associated with the emotional, cognitive, conative spheres of personality. Hardiness allows an individual to maintain a balance between internal and external aspects.
 The article describes experimental data obtained with psychological methods examining the emotional component of hardiness. The correlation analysis between hardiness and components affecting elderly people’s lives is presented.
 The empirical data determined that the emotional aspect of elderly people’s hardiness was linked with: their satisfaction with life; satisfaction of their basic needs (these needs come to the fore at the older age, since body functioning depends on their satisfaction especially at this age and this affects elderly people’s well-being); a sense of comfort; an optimistic perception of everything that happens around; active involvement in life events, in other words, an interest that evokes positive emotions. Elderly people have difficulties to restrain emotionally themselves under psychosocial stress, under acute negative emotions, frustration, aggressiveness, self-blame, which seem to knock them out of a usual life rhythm, limiting their positive experiences.
 Further study of hardiness components is considered based on elderly people’s orientation to the past, the present or the future. This can be especially important for development of psychological correctional programs for elderly people’s hardiness improvement.

The Influence of the Cognitive Program for Elderly Patients with Mild Dementia on Cognitive Function and Depression

Objective: The purpose of this study is to find how the cognitive program for elderly people with mild dementia living in a community influences their cognitive ability and depression. Methods: From November 2018 to May 2019, the cognitive program had been applied to 32 elderly persons diagnosed with mild dementia. The program had been performed twice a week for five weeks, consisting of 10 sessions. To examine the effect of cognitive functions, this study utilized Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment-Geriatric(LOTCA-G) and Mini-Mental State Examination-Korea(MMSE-K). To look into geriatric depression, it applied Geriatric Depression Scale Korean Version(GDS-K). Results: Firstly, in the evaluation of the mild demented elderly’s cognitive ability(LOTCA-G), the mean before the intervention was 72.20±5.88 points and the mean after the intervention was 76.42±6.54 points(p<.05). In the MMSE-K, the mean before the intervention was 18.13±3.60 points and the mean after the intervention was 21.23±3.30 points(p<.05). Secondly, in the evaluation of their geriatric depression(GDS-K), the mean before the intervention was 16.03±5.82 points and the mean after the intervention was 12.65±4.38 points(p<.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, the cognitive program was effective at the cognitive functions and depression of the mild demented elderly. In the future, it will be necessary to research individual intervention according to the characteristics of elderly people with mild dementia.

Effects of Community Based Fall Prevention Program for Elderly People in Busan Metropolitan City, Korea

Background: Fall related fractures in elderly are one of the most serious health problems in the world. Due to the rapid aging of the elderly in Korea, elderly falls has emerged as a very important social health issue. Falls can result in injuries, a loss of confidence and a subsequent reduction in physical activity and community participant. This work was conducted by the Busan Metropolitan International Safe Community Program in 2018. Purposes The purposes of this study were to develop a community-based fall prevention program and to test the effects of the program on the postural balance and fall efficacy for elderly people. Methods: 36 elderly were recruited from the community in Dong-gu district of Busan Metropolitan City. The program consisted of balance exercises, elastic resistance exercises and prevention education. Postural balance and fall efficacy were evaluated before and at the end of the intervention, using the Functional Reach Test (FRT), Timed Up & Go test (TUG) and the fall efficacy scale-K. The intervention was performed for twice a week in the senior center for 12 weeks. Data were analyzed using paired t-test using the SPSS program. Results: Developed program was based predominantly on the social cognitive model of behavioral change to successfully increased activities participation in elderly. This program is very useful because it not only focuses on exercise, but participants also learn fall prevention strategies. There were significantly improved in postural balance (FRT; p<.001, TUG; p=0.02) and fall efficacy (p<.001). Conclusion: This study suggests that this program can improve postural balance and fall efficacy in elders. Therefore, this program is recommended for use in fall prevention programs for elders living in the community.

Effect of a home-based exercise program on functional mobility and quality of life in elderly people: protocol of a single-blind, randomized controlled trial

BackgroundElderly people have high rates of functional decline, which compromises independence, self-confidence, and quality of life (QoL). Physical exercise leads to significant improvements in strength, balance, functional mobility, and QoL, but there is still reduced access to this therapeutic strategy due to difficulties in locomotion to training centers or lack of adaptation to the exercise environment.Methods/designThe purpose of this clinical trial will be to verify the effect of a progressive and semi-supervised, home-based exercise program on the functional mobility, and in the QoL of sedentary elderly people. This is a protocol of a consecutive, single-center, single-blind, and randomized controlled trial. The design, conduct, and report follows the SPIRIT (Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials) guidelines. Sedentary elderly people will be enrolled, and randomly allocated into two groups. The intervention group will perform exercises in their own home and the control group will not perform exercises. The evaluations will occur at study enrollment and after 3 months of intervention, and will be performed using the functional mobility Timed Up & Go (TUG) test and sociodemographic and QoL questionnaires. In the statistical analysis, comparisons of mean and correlation analyses will be performed. The primary expected outcome is the improvement in functional mobility verified through the TUG test and the secondary outcome is the improvement in QoL verified by the WHOQOL-OLD.DiscussionThe lack of scientific evidence demonstrating the benefits of semi-supervised home exercise on functional mobility and QoL in elderly people represents an obstacle to the development of guidelines for clinical practice and for policy-makers. The World Health Organization highlighted the importance of musculoskeletal health programs for elderly people, and the exercise program described in this protocol was designed to be viable, easy to implement, and inexpensive, and could be performed at the home of elderly subjects after receiving only guidelines and follow-up via periodic visits. Based on these facts, we hope that this study will demonstrate that a well-structured, home-based exercise program can be effective in improving functional mobility and QoL of sedentary elderly people, even without constant supervision during exercise.Trial registrationRegistro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos (ReBEC), Identifier: RBR-3cqzfy. Registered on 2 December 2016.

Comprehensive public health action for our aging world: the quintessence of public health policy.

The number of elderly people is increasing rapidly because of decreasing mortality rates and increasing lifespans throughout the world. Policies and programs for elderly people are limited, and existing programs/policies are not implemented effectively towards the goal of healthier aging. Unlike other public health issues and actions, there is an urgent need to build an evidence-based comprehensive public health action policy for healthy aging.

Practice of Horticultural Activities Program for Elderly People with Dementia

Now the number of people with dementia is rapidly increasing with the increase of the number of elderly peo- ple. The number of people around the world living with dementia is predicted to rise to 135 million by 2050 [1]. In Japan, the elderly population continues to increase and is expected to reach a considerable proportion of the overall population [2]. Recent reports indicate that the number of elderly people with dementia has rapidly increased with an increase in the aging population in all developed countries. In Japan particularly, by the year 2030, the proportion of the elderly people with dementia is estimated to reach approximately 3 million, almost three times the present number [3].

Dental care and treatment needs of elderly in nursing homes in the Saarland: perceptions and oral health status of the inhabitants

To investigate the nursing home inhabitants’ perceptions towards oral health care and to determine the actual level of treatment needs. All 114 nursing homes in the Federal State of Saarland, Germany were requested to participate in the study. A standardized questionnaire was utilized to assess patient attitudes and satisfaction with their oral health. The state of oral health and dental treatment needs were evaluated in a clinical examination. Facility response rate was 10.5 %. 170 inhabitants from 12 nursing homes (mean age 81.8 years; 71.8 % women) were involved in the study. The mean decayed/missing/filled teeth (DMFT) index was 24.2; the mean number of missing teeth was 22.96. Most of the subjects (80.1 %) had removable dentures, 48.8 % were edentulous. Over 70 % had not been examined by a dentist during the last year. Only about one third of the senior citizens reported problems with their natural teeth (13 %) or dentures (23.8 %), although the caries morbidity among the dentulous was high (87.6 %) and about half of the dentures (50.1 %) were rated as insufficient. Periodontal treatment was necessary in 65.1 % of the cases. Denture-related stomatitis affected 27 %. Unhygienic dentures were worn by 64.1 % of the subjects; dental hygiene was bad in 63.2 % of the cases. The results of this study revealed a large discrepancy between perceived and actual treatment needs among institutionalized elderly people in Saarland. There is an urgent need for the development of a systematic dental care program for elderly people in the Federal State of Saarland.

Treinamento com pesos, modelo de programa sistematizado para a terceira idade

Evidências têm demonstrado que a manutenção de um estilo de vida fisicamente ativo pode atenuar as perdas associadas ao processo de envelhecimento. Dentre as práticas recomendadas para a população idosa, o treinamento com pesos (TP) tem recebido destaque, revelando benefícios na realização das atividades da vida diária e na qualidade de vida, entre outros. Assim, programas para pessoas idosas devem descrever suas experiências na tentativa de impulsionar e aperfeiçoar as atividades relacionadas com TP. Desta forma, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo descrever o funcionamento do TP, que é umas das modalidades do Programa de Atividade Física para a Terceira Idade (PROFIT). Atualmente, a modalidade TP conta com 45 participantes, sendo que 80% são mulheres e 20% homens. A maior parte dos participantes (84%) possui idade igual ou superior a 60 anos, ao passo que 16% possuem idade entre 54 e 59 anos. As aulas são ministradas três vezes por semana, em dias não consecutivos, com duração de 45 minutos. Os participantes realizam oito exercícios alternados por segmentos corporais, sendo realizadas três séries em cada exercício. Neste sentido, a modalidade TP busca proporcionar melhorias na qualidade de vida da população idosa, bem como auxiliar na formação de graduandos e pós-graduandos e, consequentemente, aprofundar o entendimento da atividade física em idosos.

Random PERT: application to physical activity/sports programs

This paper illustrates the variety of PERT technique known as random PERT. The aim of this technique is to help plan the duration of activities, something which can be particularly difficult in psychosocial programs. Thus, this task is often carried out by experts, who know that there are many events which may modify the proposed calendar. The paper includes an empirical illustration of random PERT applied to a physical activity/sports program for elderly people.

The Impact of Adult Day Programs on Family Caregivers of Elderly Relatives

Adult day programs for elderly people have been implemented throughout North America but not widely evaluated for their impact on family caregivers. This study examined caregiver outcomes at 14 programs in Alberta, Canada. Caregivers were measured on burden, quality of life, perceived health, opinion on institutionalization at 4 time points (just prior to client admission, 2 weeks, 2 months, and 6 months after admission), and satisfaction with the program at 3 points after client admission. Caregiver status on burden, quality of life, and perceived health status remained stable over time. In addition, caregivers' opinion on institutionalization remained negative and satisfaction with the programs high. Caregivers reported that client socializing and improved health were what they liked best about the programs, followed by respite for themselves. Time conflicts-limits and transportation were identified as problems. The results suggest that adult day programs may help caregivers to continue in their caregiving role and to keep clients in the community longer.

European Models of Leisure Policies and Physical Activity Programs for Elderly People

Leisure policies for the elderly population in Europe have been primarily concerned with promoting active lifestyles for health benefits and quality of life. In terms of provision, there exists a profusion of organizations with an interest in sport and physical recreation for the elderly citizens. Programs are offered by a range of private, voluntary, statutory and commercial agencies within the fields of education, medicine and health, social welfare, government, trade unions and religion. Examples of policy initiatives and programs from different sources and from various European countries are presented. The implications of this complexity and diversity both at present and in the future are discussed and some concluding remarks are given if further development is to be effective.

A Comparison of Endurance As Measured by the Physiological Cost Index Among Elderly People

This study was designed to determine whether differences in physiological cost index (PCI) exist between elderly individuals operationally defined as fit and nonfit. Twenty-six elderly people were studied and divided into either a nonfit or fit group. The nonfit people did not participate in any formal exercise program. whereas the people in the fit group walked for 20 minutes a minimum of three times a week. The results of this study indicate that endurance was enhanced in the fit group as demonstrated by a statistically significant reduction in PCI. In addition, the PCI provides effective documentation for endurance changes that occur as a result of involvement in a submaximal walking program. This study suggests that submaximal walking programs for elderly people should

CASE MANAGEMENT‐THE DREAM AND THE REALITY

ABSTRACTThis paper summarises the author's impressions of the use of case management in programs for elderly people in America. The hopes for case management as independent brokerage able to organise the community and service system to meet the needs of individual elderly people has not been realised. This has not stopped its widespread establishment in community‐based long‐term care for relatively minor gains at high cost, but with a belief that it is doing much more. Australians are likely to embrace case management for the same reasons as Americans and will be just as disappointed. Despite this lack of real effectiveness of case management, a highly individualised response to elderly people's needs is still required but, this experience indicates, will only be achieved with a much broader strategy.

Referral Outcomes from a Community-Based Preventive Health Care Program for Elderly People

The purpose of this study was to determine referral outcomes in a community-based, preventive health program for low-income elderly people in California. We examined the records of 2,750 clients who participated in a complete screening exam and who accepted at least one referral. Twenty-four percent of the participants had received a new diagnosis, a new medication, a change in medication dose, a biopsy, or surgery. These results are encouraging for screening clinics focused on low-income seniors.