Programmable Current Conveyors Research Articles

Programmable CCCII: reliability analysis and design methodology

In this study, an effective and efficient approach for reliability analysis is developed to bridge the gap between device-level reliability and that at the product level. Continual reduction of device dimensions, gate-oxide and increase in channel doping results in an increased electric field which is introducing most of the reliability concerns. Four most important reliability issues impacting circuit design are hot carrier injection, bias temperature instability, time-dependent dielectric breakdown and self-heating. As the second-generation current controlled conveyor (CCCII) circuit are used to implement oscillator, filter clock and so on, which are working continuously even in sleep mode. So it is important to take care of all the reliability aspects while designing CCCII. There is a challenge in complex design to identify which devices (MOS, resistor and capacitor) are susceptible to degradation and then redesign and mitigate this effect for a robust and reliable design. The objective of this work is to detect reliability issues and design a programmable current conveyor which can work safely for a long duration. The circuit has been designed and simulated using 28 nm CMOS technology model parameters on Cadence Virtuoso/AMS environment (ELDO simulator) using ± 1.8 V supply voltage and results have been verified with post-layout netlist.

Digitally programmable current-conveyor based mixed-mode universal filter

This paper presents a novel mixed-mode universal filter (UF) using digitally programmable second-generation current conveyor. The proposed single filter configuration is capable of realising all the standard filter functions in both inverting and non-inverting forms in all the four modes, namely voltage mode, current mode, trans-impedance mode and trans-admittance mode. The proposed configuration provides advantageous features, such as independently programmable filter parameters, easy cascadability and low-sensitivity figures. Workability of proposed circuit is verified by including the SPICE simulations.

Reconfigurable Mixed Mode Universal Filter

This paper presents a novel mixed mode universal filter configuration capable of working in voltage and transimpedance mode. The proposed single filter configuration can be reconfigured digitally to realize all the five second order filter functions (types) at single output port. Other salient features of proposed configuration include independently programmable filter parameters, full cascadability, and low sensitivity figure. However, all these features are provided at the cost of quite large number of active elements. It needs three digitally programmable current feedback amplifiers and three digitally programmable current conveyors. Use of six active elements is justified by introducing three additional reduced hardware mixed mode universal filter configurations and its comparison with reported filters.

Digitally programmable second generation current conveyor‐based FPAA

ABSTRACTA novel fully differential digitally programmable current conveyor (DPCCII) is presented in this paper. The programmability of the proposed DPCCII is achieved using three‐bit MOS R‐2R ladder current division network. The DPCCII is used to realize a field programmable analog array (FPAA). The FPAA consists of seven configurable analog blocks arranged in a hexagonal form. The FPAA power consumption is 72.3 mW from 1 V voltage supply. A second‐order programmable universal filter is realized using the proposed FPAA as an application. All the circuits are realized and simulated using 90 nm IBM CMOS technology model under balanced supply voltage of ±0.5 V. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

FULLY PROGRAMMABLE UNIVERSAL FILTER WITH INDEPENDENT GAIN-ω0-Q CONTROL BASED ON NEW DIGITALLY PROGRAMMABLE CMOS CCII

A fully programmable second-order universal filter with independently controllable characteristics is presented in this paper. The proposed filter is based on a new ± 0.75 V second-generation current conveyor with digitally programmable current gain. The input stage of the current conveyor is realized using two complementary MOS differential pairs to ensure rail-to-rail operation. The output stage consists of a Class-AB CMOS push-pull network, which guarantees high current driving capability with a 47.2 μA standby current. The digital programmability of the current conveyor, based on transistor arrays and MOS switches, provides variable current gain using a digital code-word. Two approaches for implementing current conveyors with programmable current gain either greater or less than one are described. The fully programmable universal filter and the proposed digitally programmable current conveyor circuits are simulated using PSPICE with 0.25 μm CMOS technology from MOSIS.